A Christian physician of Baghdad, Ibn Butlān traveled widely, eventually settling in Antioch. His treatise on hygiene and dietetics, Taqwām al-sihhah (The Almanac of Health) presented a guide to medical regimen in tabular form. It was probably the best-known of his treatises. The first edition in print includes 40 large woodcut borders by Hans Weiditz illustrating plants, animals, fruits, humors, diseases and cookery at the foot of page openings. Albengnefit (Ibn al-Wafid) was a pharmacist and physician of Toledo, where at one time he served as Vizier. He was noted for his rational methods of treatment, preferring to treat by diet, or, when necessary, by simple botanical remedies. This is one of his best known works, dealing with the properties of medicines and beverages. Al-Kindi’s work is on the preparation and dosage of medicines. In it he attempted to apply mathematics to pharmacology by quantifying the strength of drugs. Prioreschi called this the first attempt at serious quantification in medicine.^[2] Al-Kindi also developed a system, based on the phases of the moon, that would allow a doctor to determine in advance the most critical days of a patient's illness.^[3] De Gradibus was translated into Latin by Gerard of Cremona in the 12th century.

Digital facsimile from the Internet Archive at this link.