Fiftieth anniversary edition with a new introduction and afterward by Chris Stringer (Oxford University Press, 2003).

Exposure of the Piltdown fraud. Weiner, Oakley and Le Gros Clark found ample evidence of forgery in the Piltdown remains, including the use of artificial abrasion and staining; they also applied fluorine and nitrogen analysis to determine the relative ages of the Piltdown fragments, finding that “whereas the Piltdown cranium may well be Upper Pleistocene . . . the mandible, canine tooth and isolated molar are quite modern” (p. 143).