SWANSON, Larry William
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Brain maps: Structure of the rat brain.Amsterdam: Elsevier, 1992.The first computer graphics atlas of the brain of any species, with the illustration files also available separately (1993). The work included a complete and systematic, hierarchically organized set of annotated nomenclature tables, the first of its kind. It also presented a bilateral flatmap of the rat central nervous system, displaying the gray matter regions outlined in the atlas and presented in the annotated nomenclature tables. The first edition was followed by the following: 1. Swanson, Brain maps: computer graphics files, professional version 1.0, with 4 floppy discs (Amsterdam: Elsevier, 1993). Subjects: ANATOMY › 20th Century, ANATOMY › Anatomical Illustration, ANATOMY › Anatomical Illustration › Computer Graphics, ANATOMY › Neuroanatomy › Comparative Neuroanatomy, Cartography, Medical & Biological |
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A history of neuroanatomical mappiing IN: Arthur W. Toga and John C. Mazziotta, Brain mapping: The systems, Chapter 3, pp. 77-109.New York: Academic Press, 2000.Extensively illustrated in color, with a thorough bibliography of original references. Subjects: ANATOMY › Neuroanatomy › History of Neuroanatomy, Cartography, Medical & Biological › History of Medical Cartography, NEUROLOGY › History of Neurology |
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Neuroanatomical terminology: A lexicon of classical origins and historical foundations.New York: Oxford University Press, 2015.The first global, historically documented, hierarchically organized parts list of the human nervous system. "This defined vocabulary accurately and systematically describes every human nervous system structural feature that can be observed with current imaging methods, and provides an extendible frame for describing accurately the nervous system in all animals including invertebrates and vertebrates. . . ." Subjects: ANATOMY › History of Anatomy, ANATOMY › Neuroanatomy, ANATOMY › Neuroanatomy › History of Neuroanatomy, Dictionaries, Biomedical › Lexicography, Biomedical, NEUROLOGY › History of Neurology |
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Architecture of the cerebral cortical association connectome underlying cognition.Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. (USA), 112, E2093-E2101, 2015."Significance "Connections between cerebral cortex regions are known as association connections, and neural activity in the network formed by these connections is thought to generate cognition. Network analysis of microscopic association connection data produced over the last 40 years in a small, easily studied mammal suggests a new way to describe the organization of the cortical association network. Basically, it consists of four modules with an anatomical shell–core arrangement and asymmetric connections within and between modules, implying at least partly “hardwired,” genetically determined biases of information flow through the cortical association network. The results advance the goal of achieving a global nervous system wiring diagram of connections and provide another step toward understanding the cellular architecture and mechanisms underpinning cognition. "Abstract "Cognition presumably emerges from neural activity in the network of association connections between cortical regions that is modulated by inputs from sensory and state systems and directs voluntary behavior by outputs to the motor system. To reveal global architectural features of the cortical association connectome, network analysis was performed on >16,000 reports of histologically defined axonal connections between cortical regions in rat. The network analysis reveals an organization into four asymmetrically interconnected modules involving the entire cortex in a topographic and topologic core–shell arrangement. There is also a topographically continuous U-shaped band of cortical areas that are highly connected with each other as well as with the rest of the cortex extending through all four modules, with the temporal pole of this band (entorhinal area) having the most cortical association connections of all. These results provide a starting point for compiling a mammalian nervous system connectome that could ultimately reveal novel correlations between genome-wide association studies and connectome-wide association studies, leading to new insights into the cellular architecture supporting cognition." Subjects: ANATOMY › Neuroanatomy › Cytoarchitecture, NEUROSCIENCE › Cognitive Neuroscience, NEUROSCIENCE › Computational Neuroscience, NEUROSCIENCE › Computational Neuroscience › Connectomics, PSYCHOLOGY › Cognition |
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The beautiful brain: The drawings of Santiago Ramón y Cajal. Edited with commentaries by Eric A. Newman, Alfonso Araque, and Janet M. Dubinsky. Essays by Larry W. Swanson, Lyndel King, and Eric Himmel.New York: Abrams, 2017.A spectacular volume reproducing Ramón y Cajal's drawings in very high quality, and with significant commentaries. Subjects: ANATOMY › Neuroanatomy, ANATOMY › Neuroanatomy › History of Neuroanatomy, ART & Medicine & Biology |
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Organizing principles for the cerebral cortex network of commissural and association connections.Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. (USA), 114, E9692-E9701, 2017."Significance "The cerebral cortex supports cognition and is a structure common to all mammals. The major cortical subdivisions (its gray matter regions) are connected by a complex network of axonal connections that includes connections between regions in the same hemisphere (association connections on the right or left side) and those between hemispheres (commissural connections between opposite sides). A database of over 5,000 connections in the cortical network was extracted from the literature, and network analysis revealed three identical cortical modules (neural subsystems) on each side. One appears to deal especially with the external world, one with the viscera, and one with planning, prioritization, and self-awareness. A set of general organizing principles for association and commissural connections also emerged from the analysis. "Abstract "Cognition is supported by a network of axonal connections between gray matter regions within and between right and left cerebral cortex. Global organizing principles of this circuitry were examined with network analysis tools applied to monosynaptic association (within one side) and commissural (between sides) connections between all 77 cortical gray matter regions in each hemisphere of the rat brain. The analysis used 32,350 connection reports expertly collated from published pathway tracing experiments, and 5,394 connections of a possible 23,562 were identified, for a connection density of 23%—of which 20% (1,084) were commissural. Network community detection yielded a stable bihemispheric six-module solution, with an identical set in each hemisphere of three modules topographically forming a lateral core and medial shell arrangement of cortical regions. Functional correlations suggest the lateral module deals preferentially with environmental sensory-motor interactions and the ventromedial module deals preferentially with visceral control, affect, and short-term memory, whereas the dorsomedial module resembles the default mode network. Analysis of commissural connections revealed a set of unexpected rules to help generate hypotheses. Most notably, there is an order of magnitude more heterotopic than homotopic projections; all cortical regions send more association than commissural connections, and for each region, the latter are always a subset of the former; the number of association connections from each cortical region strongly correlates with the number of its commissural connections; and the module (dorsomedial) lying closest to the corpus callosum has the most complete set of commissural connections—and apparently the most complex function." Subjects: ANATOMY › Neuroanatomy › Cytoarchitecture, COMPUTING/MATHEMATICS in Medicine & Biology, NEUROSCIENCE › Cognitive Neuroscience, NEUROSCIENCE › Computational Neuroscience, NEUROSCIENCE › Computational Neuroscience › Connectomics, PSYCHOLOGY › Cognition |
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Subsystem organization of axonal connections within and between right and left cerebral cortex and cerebral nuclei (endbrain).Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. (USA), 115, E6910-E6919, 2018."Significance "The right and left cerebral hemispheres (together forming the endbrain) support cognition and affect, and, structurally, each hemisphere consists of a cortical sheet and set of deep nuclei (often called the basal ganglia). Experimental evidence in the literature identified more than 10,000 axonal macroconnections between the 244 gray matter regions of the endbrain, and the global organizing principles of the network formed by these connections were subjected to multiresolution consensus clustering analysis. The result was a hierarchy of subsystems that has only four components at the top level and 60 components at the bottom level. Furthermore, a region’s status as a connectivity hub in a network is not absolute; it depends on the size and coverage of its anatomical neighborhood. "Abstract "The endbrain (telencephalon) is at the rostral end of the central nervous system and is primarily responsible for supporting cognition and affect. Structurally, it consists of right and left cerebral hemispheres, each parceled into multiple cortical and nuclear gray matter regions. The global network organization of axonal macroconnections between the 244 regions forming the endbrain was analyzed with a multiresolution consensus clustering (MRCC) method that provides a hierarchical description of community clustering (modules or subsystems) within the network. Experimental evidence was collated from the neuroanatomical literature for the existence of 10,002 of a possible 59,292 connections within the network, and they cluster into four top-level subsystems and 60 bottom-level subsystems arranged in a 50-level hierarchy. Two top-level subsystems are bihemispheric: One deals with auditory and visual information, and the other corresponds broadly to the default mode network. The other two top-level subsystems are bilaterally symmetrical, and each deals broadly with somatic and visceral information. Because the entire endbrain connection matrix was assembled from multiple subconnectomes, it was easy to show that the status of a region as a connectivity hub is not absolute but, instead, depends on the size and coverage of its anatomical neighborhood. It was also shown numerically that creating an ultradense connection matrix by converting all “absent” connections to a “very weak” connection weight has virtually no effect on the clustering hierarchy. The next logical step in this project is to complete the forebrain connectome by adding the thalamus and hypothalamus (together, the interbrain) to the endbrain analysis." Subjects: ANATOMY › Neuroanatomy › Cytoarchitecture, COMPUTING/MATHEMATICS in Medicine & Biology, NEUROSCIENCE › Cognitive Neuroscience, NEUROSCIENCE › Computational Neuroscience, NEUROSCIENCE › Computational Neuroscience › Connectomics, PSYCHOLOGY › Cognition |