First use of pacemaker for Stokes–Adams syndrome, using dogs as subjects. External power source. See also Furman and Scawadel, John B., "An intracardiac pacemaker for Stokes–Adams seizures ," New Engl. J. Med.,1959, 261, 943-48.

The addenda to the Furman and Robinson paper reports, p. 248, the first use of a transvenous lead in two patients: " Since submission of this paper for publication 2 patients with total A-V dissociation have been maintained with the use of the intracardiac pacemaker. One during an operative procedure, the second, a patient with recurrent Stokes-Adams attacks, for the past 10 weeks with the cather remaining in the heart for this entire  period of time" (Quoted by W. Bruce Fye).