The first clinical paper on electrocardiography to appear in an American journal (Burch & DePasquale, A History of Electrocardiography,1990, 163.)  James and Williams "published the first ECG recordings in the western hemisphere. The theme of their first paper was tutorial and encouraged physicians to be interested in ECG. To make these recordings, James needed the expertise of Williams, who was technically trained in physics and was a physician as well" (Geddes and Wald, "Horatio B. Williams and the first electrocardiographs made in the United States," IEEE Eng. Med. Biol. ,19 (2000) 117-121).