Broca localized the speech center in the left frontal lobe. He asserted that aphasia was associated with a lesion on the left third frontal convolution of the brain – “Broca’s center”. He was preceded in this discovery by Marc Dax, a student who recorded in his unpublished thesis submitted to the Faculty of Medicine in Montpellier in 1836 his observations that the left hemisphere was usually found damaged in aphasics. English translation in J. Neurosurg., 1964, 21, 426-27. The standard biography is Paul Broca, founder of French anthropology, explorer of the brain by F. Schiller. Berkeley, University of California Press, [1979]. See also No. 1400.