An Interactive Annotated World Bibliography of Printed and Digital Works in the History of Medicine and the Life Sciences from Circa 2000 BCE to 2024 by Fielding H. Garrison (1870-1935), Leslie T. Morton (1907-2004), and Jeremy M. Norman (1945- ) Traditionally Known as “Garrison-Morton”

16055 entries, 14138 authors and 1945 subjects. Updated: November 3, 2024

BRENNER, Sydney

5 entries
  • 256.8

General nature of the genetic code for proteins.

Nature, 192, 1227-32, 1961.

The codons in DNA specifying amino acids in proteins. 



Subjects: BIOLOGY › MOLECULAR BIOLOGY › Genetic Code, WOMEN, Publications by › Years 1900 - 1999
  • 256.10

An unstable intermediate carrying information from genes to ribosomes for protein synthesis.

Nature, 190, 576-80, 1961.

Demonstration of the existence of “messenger” RNA. The following paper (pp. 581-85) by F. Gros et al. is also relevant.



Subjects: BIOLOGY › MOLECULAR BIOLOGY, BIOLOGY › MOLECULAR BIOLOGY › Protein Synthesis
  • 13968

Co-linearity of the gene with the polypeptide chain.

Nature, 201, 13-17, 1964.

Order of authorship in the original publication: Sarabhai, Stretton, Brenner, Bolle. Brenner (Nobel Prize 2002) and colleagues performed the first study to show co-linearity; i.e., that there is a simple congruence between the amino acid sequence of a protein and the nucleotide sequence of the gene determining that protein. Brenner and his team were working with "nonsense" mutants, called amber mutants, that terminated protein synthesis in E. coli genes.

            "The presence of random nonsense mutants would therefore yield multiple random protein fragments of different sizes. . . . [W]e now suddenly realized that since we had all these amber mutants in this gene we could give a topological proof of co-linearity. And we wouldn't have to do any protein sequencing! The only assumption we would have to make is that the protein is always read from the same end, which seemed a very reasonable one. So in 1964 we published a paper which proved that the gene and the protein were co-linear by an argument that was totally unexpected at that time. We showed that as the amber mutations moved further and further to the right in the position of the gene, we got progressively more and more of the protein made. (Brenner, My Life, p. 103). 



Subjects: BIOLOGY › MOLECULAR BIOLOGY › Genetic Code, BIOLOGY › MOLECULAR BIOLOGY › Protein Synthesis
  • 9941

The genetics of CAENORHABDITIS ELEGANS.

Genetics, 77, 71-94., 1974.

In 2002 Brenner shared the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in Physiology or Medicine with H. Robert Horvitz and John Sulston "for their discoveries concerning genetic regulation of organ development and programmed cell death." Digital facsimile from PubMedCentral at this link.



Subjects: BIOLOGY › Cell Biology, BIOLOGY › Developmental Biology, GENETICS / HEREDITY, NOBEL PRIZES › Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
  • 9942

The DNA of CAENORHABDITIS ELEGANS.

Genetics, 77, 95-104, 1974.

Digital facsimile from PubMedCentral at this link.



Subjects: BIOLOGY › MOLECULAR BIOLOGY, NOBEL PRIZES › Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine