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924 entries match Physiology & Embryology [G07 / G02.149]
1884
#1468
Experimentelle Beiträge zur Lösung der Frage über die specifische Energieder Hautnerven
Besides his investigation of the specific energies of cutaneous nerves, Blix is remembered for his work on the thermodynamics of muscular contraction; he designed a muscle indicator diagram; he was also the first to s…
1884
#1469
Die spezifische Energie der Temperaturnerven.
1884
#2708
Therapie der Kreislauf-Störungen.
English translation in von Ziemssen’s Handbook of general therapeutics, Vol. 7, London, 1887.
1884
#10113
La paura.
Mosso conducted experiments with special equipment, which he devised to suit the requirements of the studies. He pursued two main lines of research: the analysis of motor functions and the relationship between physiol…
1884
#11682
The vivisectors' directory; being a list of the licensed vivisectors in the United Kingdom; together with the leading physiologists in foreign laboratories. Compiled from authentic sources. Edited by Benjamin Bryan, with a preface by Frances Power Cobbe.
A remarkably detailed listing of scientific and medical researchers conducting research involving vivisection with address information and details of their research. This information was published in order to supply d…
1885
#4626
Ueber Aphasie.
“Lichtheim’s disease”– subcortical sensory aphasia. Lichtheim noted that although the patient could not speak, he was able to indicate with his fingers the number of syllables in the word of which he was thinking (“Li…
1885
#1281
Note on the nature of nerve-force.
1886
#1329
On the structure, distribution, and function of the nerves which innervate the visceral and vascular system.
Gaskell established the origin of the preganglionic neurons (white rami).
1886
#504
Lehrbuch der Entwicklungsgeschichte des Menschen und der Wirbelthiere.
1886
#1367
Physiological studies of the knee-jerk.
Demonstration that the knee-jerk can be reinforced by sensory stimulation.
1886
#758
Praelectiones anatomiae universalis.
Facsimile reproduction with transliteration of Harvey’s manuscript notes for a Lumleian Lecture, 1616. These show that at that date Harvey had already completed his demonstration of the circulation of the blood. Engli…
1886
#1416
Sulla fina anatomia degli organi centrali del sistema nervoso.
Golgi’s histological studies made a clear conception of the nervous system possible for the first time. He demonstrated the existence of multipolar nerve-cells (Golgi cells) by means of his silver nitrate stain, and d…
1886
#12269
Outlines of lectures on physiology, with an introductory chapter on general biology, and an appendix containing laboratory exercises in practical physiology.
Mills, a student of Osler, became the first professional physiologist in Canada. This outline of his lectures is probably the first Canadian physiology textbook. Digital facsimile from the Internet Archive at this link.
1886
#12293
Über die Beziehung zwischen Reizung und Erregung im Tetanus.
One mechanism that has been implicated in the origin of arrhythmias is the Wedensky effect. This was first described in neuromuscular studies by Wedensky as a prolonged lowered threshold of excitability induced by a s…
1887
#833
A demonstration on man of electromotive changes accompanying the heart’s beat.
Waller was first to use electrodes and leads in demonstrating the action currents of the heart, avoiding the necessity of opening the chest of laboratory animals and preparing the way for present-day clinical electroc…
1887
#1368.1
Zur Geschichte der menschlichen Rückenmarkes und der Nervenwurzeln.
This is generally considered the first clear statement that nerve cells in the brain might be independent units rather than forming an anastomotic network—as Gerlach, Golgi, and most others believed—although there are…
1887
#2791
Fibrillar contraction of the heart.
MacWilliam discovered that fibrillar contraction of the heart is due to “a rapid succession of incoordinated peristaltic contractions.” He clearly described auricular and ventricular fibrillation, and showed that vent…
1887
#12295
Sphygmographische Untersuchungen an Geisteskranken.
Ziehen, a student of Hermann Munk, wrote his habiltation thesis on sphygmographic studies of psychiatric patients. This was the first monograph on the subject.
1888
#505
Beiträge zur Entwickelungsmechanik des Embryo. Ueber die künstliche Hervorbringung halber Embryonen durch Zerstörung einer der beiden ersten Furchungskugeln, sowie über die Nachentwickelung (Postgeneration) der fehlenden Körperhalfte.
Roux is regarded as the founder of developmental mechanics (“Entwicklungsmechanik” as he named it). His work on the production of half-embryos initiated a turning point by shifting emphasis from descriptive to experim…
1888
#1521
Kort öfversigt af läran om lokalisationen i hjernbarken.
Discovery of the cortical visual center.
1888
#7334
Estructura de los centros nerviosos de las aves.
"The foundational article of modern cellular neuroscience. . . . this is where Cajal first demonstrated with the Golgi method how neurons interact by contact not continuity in the adult central nervous system—in this …
1889
#1013
Fisiologia del digiuni.
Luciani distinguished three stages of starvation in man – hunger, physiological inanition, and pathological inanition. Digital facsimile from Google Books at this link.
1889
#1329.1
On the local paralysis of peripheral ganglia, and on the connexion of different classes of nerve fibres with them.
Langley and Dickinson studied the effect of nicotine on nerve fibers, and were able by this means to make a thorough investigation of the distribution of nerve fibers.
1889
#506
Uterus and embryo.
1889
#1419
A record of experiments upon the functions of the cerebral cortex.
A detailed analysis, by means of faradic stimulation, of the motor responses of the cerebral cortex, internal capsule, and spinal cord of higher primates.
1889
#7335
Die Neuroblasten und deren Entstehung im embryonalen Mark.
In this paper on neuroblasts (young neurons) and their development in the embryonic spinal cord, His coined the term, “dendrite,” for what had been called protoplasmic processes since the term was introduced by Deiter…
1889
#7996
Electrical stimulation of the heart in man.
MacWilliams described experiments in which application of an electrical impulse to the human heart in asystole caused a ventricular contraction, and that a heart rhythm of 60–70 beats per minute could be evoked by imp…
1889
#12267
Cardiac failure and sudden death.
"Physiologists and physicians had proposed various theories to explain transient and fatal cardiac standstill in animals and humans who were apparently healthy. MacWilliam defined two distinct mechanisms depending on …
1890
#636
Les lois de la fatigue étudiées dans les muscles de l’homme.
Mosso invented the ergograph from the study of voluntary contraction. The description of the instrument is on pages 124-41 of the above article.
1890
#1282
Ueber den Nachweis der Unermüdlichkeit des Säugethiernerven.
Bowditch demonstrated the indefatigability of nerve (“Bowditch’s law”).
1890
#1471
Ueber die galvanischen Erscheinungen in der Haut des Menschen bei Reizungen der Sinnesorgane und bei verschiedenen Formen der psychischen Thätigkeit.
Psycho-galvanic reflex described.
1890
#2544
Ueber das Zustandekommen der Diphtherie-Immunität und der Tetanus-Immunität bei Thieren.
Antitoxins and their immunizing powers were discovered when Behring and Kitasato published their paper dealing with immunity to tetanus and diphtheria. This work laid the foundation of all future treatment with antito…
1890
#3741
Polyneuritis bij hoenders.
Eijkman produced beriberi experimentally in fowls; from this he was led to conclude that a diet of over-milled rice was the chief cause, both in fowls and humans. Thus his work was of great importance in determining t…
1890 –1930
#4632
Klinische und anatomische Beiträge zur Pathologie des Gehirns. 8 pts. in 10 vols.
An important summary of the knowledge concerning aphasia appears in vols. 5-7.
1891
#637
Die Bewegungen des Kniegelenkes.
Investigation of the mechanics of motion of the knee joint on mathematical lines. See also No. 645.
1891
#638
Le travail musculaire et l’énergie qu’il représente.
Important studies on thermodynamics of muscular work.
1891
#4627.1
Zur Auffassung der Aphasien.
Freud refuted the Wernicke–Lichtheim doctrine (Nos. 4623 & 4626) that the losses of function in aphasia were due to lesions to anatomically circumscribed centers corresponding to the various functions involved in lang…
1891
#507
A theory of the structure of the placenta.
1891
#517.1
Untersuchungen über den ersten Entwicklungsvorgänge in den Eiern der Insekten. II. Ueber Spermatogenese und deren Beziehung zur Eientwicklung bei Pyrrhocoris apterus.
In his study of the testicles of the firebug (Pyrrhocoris) Henking noticed that one chromosome did not take part in meiosis. He named this X element because its strange behavior made him unsure whether it was genuinel…
1891
#1420.1
On the mammalian nervous system, its functions, and their localisation determined by an electrical method.
Gotch and Horsley showed that electric currents are produced in the mammalian brain, and they recorded them with the string galvanometer of the capillary electrometer. Their work led eventually to the development of t…
1891
#1421
Il cervelletto. Nuovi studi di fisiologia normale e patologica.
Luciani succeeded in keeping dogs alive after total extirpation of the cerebellum, and initiated the modern study of cerebellar function. Digital facsimile from Google Books at this link.
1892
#834
Pulsation in the veins, with the description of a method for graphically recording them.
The phlebograph, which developed into the polygraph. With it Mackenzie obtained simultaneous tracings of the pulsations of the jugular vein and radial artery.
1892
#835
Contributions to the physiology and pathology of the mammalian heart.
1892
#641
Das Gesetz der Transformation der Knochen.
“Wolff’s law” stated that every change in form and function of a bone, or in its function alone, is followed by certain definite changes in its internal architecture and equally definite secondary alterations in its m…
1892
#4707
Ueber die Beziehungen der senilen Hirnatrophie zur Aphasie.
“Pick’s disease” – circumscribed atrophy of the brain with the development of aphasia and presenile dementia.
1892
#509
Entwicklungsmechanische Studien. I. Der Werth der beiden ersten Furchungszellen in der Echinodermentwicklung. Experimentelle Erzeugen von Theil-und Doppelbildung. II. Ueber die Beziehungen des Lichtes zur ersten Etappe der thierischen Formbildung.
In the spring of 1891 Driesch succeeded in separating the blastomeres of the cleaving sea urchin egg. English translation in No. 534.3.
1892
#510
The cell-lineage of Nereis.
Wilson traced the development of Nereis in minute detail from fertilized egg to the free-swimming larval stage, a pioneer study of cell-lineage.
1892
#785
Der Einfluss der Systems der Vena portae auf die Vertheilung des Blutes.
Translated into English as "The contraction of the vena portae and its influence upon the circulation," Johns Hopkins Hospital Reports, I (1896) 111-157. Digital facsimile of the English translation from Google Books …
1892
#1472
Physiologische Untersuchungen über das Endorgan des Nervus octavus.
Ewald clarified the function of the eighth cranial nerve.
1893
#642
