1912 HATA, Sahachiro (1873 – 1938)

Salvarsantherapie der Rattenbisskrankheit in Japan.

Salvarsan first used in the treatment of rat-bite fever.

GMN 5324 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/6624

1912 NICOLLE, Charles Jules Henri (1866 – 1936); ET AL

Le magot animal réactif du trachôme. Filtrabilité du virus. Pouvoir infectant des larmes.

Filtration of the trachoma agent, Chlamydia trachomatis. With L. Blaisot and A. Cuénod.

GMN 5961 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/6981

1912 SCHÜFFNER, Wilhelm August Paul (1867 – 1949); VERVOORT, Herman

Das Oleum chenopodii anthelmintici gegen Ankylostomiasis im Vergleich zu anderen Wurmmitteln.

Schüffner and Vervoort introduced oil of chenopodium for the treatment of ankylostomiasis as early as 1900.

GMN 5367 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/6995

1912 ROGERS, Sir Leonard (1868 – 1962)

The rapid cure of amoebic dysentery and hepatitis by hypodermic injections of soluble salts of emetine.

Following up the work of Vedder, Rogers showed that the soluble salts of emetine could be safely injected subcutaneously. The general use of emetine, introduced by Rogers, diminished the incidence of liver abscess – a…

GMN 5190 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/7047

1912 BASS, Charles Cassedy (1885 – 1975); JOHNS, Foster Matthew (1889 – 1936)

The cultivation of malaria plasmodia (Plasmodium vivax and Plasmodium falciparum) in vitro.

Cultivation of the malaria parasite.

GMN 5255.1 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/7915

1912 TODD, John Lancelot (1876 – 1949)

Does a human tick-borne disease exist in British Columbia?

Report on the first cases of "tick paralysis", a potentially lethal disease treatable by removing the tick. Follow-up paper by Todd: "Tick bite in British Columbia," Canad. med. Assoc. J., 2 (1912) 1118-1119. Unlike m…

GMN 10921 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/13117

1912 STRONG, Richard Pearson (1872 – 1948)

Report of the International Plague Conference held at Mukden [Shenyang], April, 1911.

Report on the epidemic of pneumonic plague that raged in Manchuria and north China during the winter months of 1910-11, causing the death of nearly 50,000 people. This was the first outbreak of epidemic pneumonic plag…

GMN 12582 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/14821

1913 ROLLIER, Auguste (1874 – 1954)

Die Heliotherapie der Tuberkulose.

In 1903 Rollier introduced ultra-violet light and Alpine sunlight in the treatment of surgical tuberculosis. Heliotherapy for chronic affections was advocated as early as the 5th century CE by Caelius Aurelianus.

GMN 2342 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/3091

1913 LANGE, Karl Friedrich August (1883 – )

Die Ausflockung kolloidalen Goldes durch Zerebrospinalflüssigkeit bei luetischenAffektiondesZentralnervensystems.

Lange’s colloidal gold test for the diagnosis of cerebrospinal syphilis. See also Berl. klin. Wschr., 1912, 49, 897-901.

GMN 2406 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/3374

1913 DOCHEZ, Alphonse Raymond (1882 – 1964); GILLESPIE, Louis John (1886 – 1941)

A biological classification of pneumococci by means of immunity reactions.

Dochez and Gillespie differentiated four types of pneumococci.

GMN 3192.1 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/4234

1913 SCHICK, Béla (1877 – 1967)

Die Diphtherietoxin – Hautreaktion des Menschen als Vorprobe der prophylaktischen Diphtherieheilseruminjektion.

Schick developed his test for use as an indication as to whether or not prophylactic injections of antitoxin are necessary in children already exposed to diphtheria. English translation in J. Mt. Sinai Hosp., 1938, 5,…

GMN 5066 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/5897

1913 BEHRING, Emil Adolf von (1854 – 1917)

Ueber ein neues Diphtherieschutzmittel.

Toxin–antitoxin for immunization against diphtheria.

GMN 5067 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/5899

1913 MIGONE, Luis Enrique (1876 – 1954)

Un cas de kala-azar à Asuncion (Paraguay).

Migone first noted the existence of visceral leishmaniasis in the Americas (Paraguay).

GMN 5300.1 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/6490

1913 WALKER, Ernest Linwood (1870 – 1952); SELLARDS, Andrew Watson (1884 – 1941)

Experimental entamoebic dysentery.

Walker and Sellards made important additions to our knowledge of amoebiasis, including the determination of the incubation period and the demonstration that E. tetragena and E. minuta are identical with E. histolytica.

GMN 5191 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/7052

1913 KLEBS, Arnold Carl (1870 – 1943)

The historic evolution of variolation.

GMN 5436 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/7437

1913 DURAND, Joseph (1876 – ); NICOLAS, Joseph (1868 – 1960); FAVRE, Maurice (1876 – 1955)

Lymphogranulomatose inguinale subaiguë d’origine génitale probable, peut-être vénérienne.

First important description. Sometimes called “Nicolas–Favre disease” and “Nicolas–Durand–Favre disease”.

GMN 5217 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/7826

1913 LEIPER, Robert Thomson (1881 – 1969)

Important discovery in tropical medicine: Metamorphosis of Filaria Loa.

Leiper discovered diurnal periodicity in Filaria Loa, as the worm embryos are found in the blood only during day, as an adaptation to the day-biting habits of their insect vector, a biting fly of the genus Chrysopa. T…

GMN 11249 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/13446

1914 ZAMBACO, Demetrius Alexandre (1830 – 1913)

La lèpre à travers les siècles et les contrées.

GMN 2443 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/2938

1914 ZINSSER, Hans (1878 – 1940)

Infection and resistance.

GMN 2568 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/3695

1914 PARK, William Hallock (1863 – 1939); ET AL

Active immunization in diphtheria and treatment by toxin-antitoxin.

With A. Zingher and M. H. Serota. Park was an early advocate of diphtheria immunization with toxin-antitoxin. A second paper is in the same journal, 1915, 65, 2216-20.

GMN 5068 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/5900

1914 MARTIN, Sir Charles James (1866 – 1955); BACOT, Arthur William (1866 – 1922)

Observations on the mechanism of the transmission of plague by fleas.

Bacot and Martin demonstrated the method by which the rat flea (primarily Xenopsylla cheopis) transmits the plague bacillus from rat to man.

GMN 5129.1 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/6136

1914 CRAWFURD, Sir Raymond Henry Payne (1865 – 1938)

Plague and pestilence in literature and art.

Deals with the subject up to the end of the 18th century. Revised ed., 1951.

GMN 5138 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/6151

1914 WHERRY, William Buchanan (1875 – 1936); LAMB, Benjamin Harrison (1889 – 1955)

Infection of man with Bacterium tularense

Wherry and Lamb were first to isolate P. tularensis from lesions in man.

GMN 5175 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/6279

1914 HESS, Alfred Fabian (1875 – 1933)

German measles (rubella): an experimental study.

Experimental proof that rubella is caused by a virus.

GMN 5506.1 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/6494

1914 VIANNA, Gaspar Oliviera (1885 – 1914)

Sobre o tratemento de leishmaniose tegumentar.

Vianna introduced tartar emetic in the treatment of S. American leishmaniasis. His preliminary announcement on this form of treatment was made to the Brazilian Dermatological Society and appears in Arch. brasil. Med.,…

GMN 5301 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/6525

1914 SCHOTTMÜLLER, Hugo (1867 – 1936)

Zurt Aetiologie und Klinik der Bisskrankheit.

Isolation of Streptothrix (Actinomyces) muris ratti from human patients bitten by rats.

GMN 5325 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/6627

1914 CASTELLANI, Aldo (1877 – 1971)

Note on certain protozoa-like bodies in a case of protracted fever with splenomegaly.

Castellani was first to suspect that toxoplasmosis could affect humans.

GMN 5535.1 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/6695

1914 MAGROU, Joseph Émile (1883 – 1951)

Les grains botryomycotiques. Leur signification en pathologie et en biologie générales.

Thèse de Paris, No. 267, 1914. Magrou showed botriomycosis (granuloma pyogenicum) to be due to a staphylococcus.

GMN 5536 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/6699

1914 MIYAIRI, Keinosuke (1865 – 1946); SUZUKI, Masatsugu

Der Zwischenwirt des Schistosomum japonicum Katsurada.

Miyairi and Suzuki confirmed that snails are the intermediate hosts of S. japonicum, and their paper completed the description of the life cycle from ova to snail intermediate host. Translation in Kean (No. 2268.1), p…

GMN 5350.2 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/6847

1914 TURKHUD, Dnyaneshwar Atmaran (1863 – 1926)

Report of the Bombay Bacteriological laboratory for the year 1913.

Experimental demonstration, on pp. 14-16, of the complete life cycle of Dracunculus medinensis, the parasite causing Dracunculiasis, popularly known as Guinea-worm disease.

GMN 5350.3 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/8614

1914 CUMPSTON, John Howard Lidgett (1890 – 1954)

The history of small-pox in Australia 1788-1908.

A second volume, The history of small-pox in Australia, 1909-1923 by J.H.L. Compston and F. McCallum was published in Melbourne: H. J. Green, govt. printer, 1925.

GMN 13802 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/16089

1915 MERCIER, Charles Arthur (1852 – 1919)

Leper houses and mediaeval hospitals.

GMN 2444 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/2940

1915 SONNE, Carl Olaf (1882 – 1948)

Ueber die Bakteriologie der giftarmen Dysenteriebacillen (Para-dysenteriebacillen).

Sonne’s bacillus (Shigella sonnei) was probably described earlier by others, but it was Sonne who first drew serious attention to it. First published as inaugural dissertation, 1914.

GMN 5094 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/6008

1915 ALBEE, Fred Houdlett (1876 – 1945)

Bone-graft surgery.

Albee was the first to employ living bone grafts as internal splints. He used cutting machines and saws to make inlaid, perfectly-fitting grafts. See especially his “Transplantation of a portion of the tibia into the …

GMN 5757 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/6678

1915 –1916 LEIPER, Robert Thomson (1881 – 1969)

Reports of the results of the bilharzia mission in Egypt, 1915.

Leiper identified the snail responsible for the transmission of Schistosoma mansoni and S. haematobium.

GMN 5350.4 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/6861

1915 LEIPER, Robert Thomson (1881 – 1969); ATKINSON, Edward Leicester (1882 – 1928)

Observations on the spread of Asiatic schistosomiasis.

First paper in English giving a detailed account of the development of S. japonicum in the snail and its subsequent development in man. Atkinson, a surgeon in the Royal Navy, was a member of Scott’s Antarctic expediti…

GMN 5350.5 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/6864

1915 PROWAZEK, Stanislaus Joseph Matthias von (1875 – 1915)

Ätiologische Untersuchungen über den Flecktyphus in Serbien 1913 und in Hamburg 1914.

Prowazek, like Ricketts and Wilder, demonstrated the specific causal agent in typhus. Like Ricketts he died of the disease.

GMN 5384.1 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/7107

1915 GRAHAM, John Henry Porteus (1869 – 1957)

A note on a relapsing febrile illness of unknown origin.

First reported case of “trench fever”.

GMN 5385 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/7113

1915 HUNT, George Herbert (1884 – 1926); RANKIN, Allan Coats (1877 – 1959)

Intermittent fever of obscure origin, occurring among British soldiers in France. The so-called “trench-fever”.

In this paper trench fever is so named for the first time.

GMN 5386 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/7118

1915 NOGUCHI, Hideyo (1876 – 1928)

Pure cultivation in vivo of vaccine virus free from bacteria.

Noguchi obtained a pure culture of vaccinia virus.

GMN 5430.1 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/7400

1915 PAUL, Gustav (1859 – 1935)

Zur Differentialdiagnose der Variola und der Varicellen. Die Erscheinungen an der variolierten Hornhaut des Kaninchens und ihre frühzeitige Erkennung.

Paul’s test for the diagnosis of smallpox.

GMN 5431 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/7405

1915 GORGAS, William Crawford (1854 – 1920)

Sanitation in Panama.

"Gorgas capitalized on the momentous work of ... Walter Reed, who had himself built much of his work on insights of a Cuban doctor, Carlos Finlay, to prove the mosquito transmission of yellow fever. He won internation…

GMN 9259 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/11441

1916 SANARELLI, Giuseppe (1864 – 1940)

Pathogénie du choléra. Reproduction expérimentale de la maladie.

Sanarelli claimed priority in observing the Shwartzman phenomenon (See No. 2576). See Ann. Inst. Pasteur,1939, 63, 105.

GMN 2571.1 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/3684

1916 SAXL, Paul (1880 – 1932)

Ueber die Behandlung von Typhus mit Milchinjektionen.

GMN 5043 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/5819

1916 FUTAKI, Kenzo (1873 – 1966); ET AL

The cause of rat-bite fever.

K. Futaki, I. Takaki, T. Taniguchi, and S. Osumi found a spirillum (Sp. morsus muris) in the lymphatic glands and blood stream in cases of rat-bite fever (sodoku).

GMN 5326 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/6630

1916 INADA, Ryukichi (1874 – 1950); ET AL

The etiology, mode of infection, and specific therapy of Weil’s disease (Spirochaetosis icterohaemorrhagica)

Inada, Y. Ido, R. Hoki, R. Kaneko, and H. Ito proved that Sp. (Leptospira) icterohaemorrhagiae is the causal organism in Weil’s disease (Leptospirosis). Preliminary report (in Japanese) in Tokyo Ijishinshi, 1915, No. …

GMN 5334 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/6668

1916 CUTLER, Elliott Carr (1888 – 1947); STODDARD, James Leavitt (1888 – 1977)

Torula infection in man.

Description of Torula histolytica infection in man, later shown to be identical with Cryptococcus neoformans. Digital facsimile from Google Books at this link.

GMN 5537 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/6711

1916 HIS, Wilhelm Jr. (1863 – 1934)

Ueber eine neue periodische Fiebererkrankung (Febris Wolhynica).

His encountered a form of “trench fever” in Volhynia, Russia, and named it after that district.

GMN 5387 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/7134

1916 ROCHA-LIMA, Henrique da (1879 – 1956)

Zur Aetiologie des Fleckfiebers.

Rickettsia prowazeki, cause of epidemic typhus, was first isolated by the Brazilian microbiologist Henrique da Rocha-Lima, who named it after Ricketts and Prowazek, both of whom died of the disease.

GMN 5388 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/7136

1916 TÖPFER, Hans Willi (1876 – )

Zur Ursache und Uebertragung des Wolhynischen Fiebers.

Isolation of Rickettsia quintana (now called Bartonella quintana) from lice found on patients suffering from trench fever.

GMN 5389 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/7140