1949 WAITE, Frederick Clayton (1870 – 1956)

The first medical college in Vermont: Castleton, 1818-1862.

Digital facsimile from the Internet Archive at this link.

GMN 11726 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/13927

1949 LEKSELL, Lars (1907 – 1986)

A stereotaxic apparatus for intracerebral surgery.

"In 1947 Leksell visited Wycis in Philadelphia and then developed and described his instrument in a publication in 1949. This was the first example of a stereotactic system based on the principle of ‘‘center-of-arc’’.…

GMN 11987 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/14195

1949 ALLEN, Max Scott

Medicine under canvas: A war journal of the 77th Evacuation Hospital. Edited by Max Scott Allen. [Copyright by the University of Kansas School of Medicine.]

"Organized in Kansas with a capacity of 750 beds, this unit was made up of 47 doctors, 52 nurses, a hospital dietitian, and 318 enlisted men. The unit shipped out to England in May, 1942 on the H.M.T. Orcades. They be…

GMN 12019 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/14227

1949 TAUSSIG, Helen Brooke (1898 – 1986); BING, Richard John (1909 – 2010)

Complete transposition of the aorta and a levoposition of the pulmonary artery; clinical, physiological, and pathological findings.

Taussig–Bing syndrome, a cyanotic congenital heart defect[1] in which the patient has both double outlet right ventricle (DORV) and subpulmonic ventricular septal defect (VSD).[2]

GMN 12289 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/14510

1949 ABRAHAM, Sir Edward Penley (1913 – 1999); CHAIN, Sir Ernst Boris (1906 – 1979); FLOREY, Howard Walter (1898 – 1968); HEATLEY, Norman George (1911 – 2004); SANDERS, A. G.; JENNINGS, Margaret Augusta (1904 – 1994); FLOREY, Lady Mary Ethel (1900 – 1966)

Antibiotics: A survey of penicillin, streptomycin, and other antimicrobial substances from fungi, actinomycetes, bacteria, and plants. 2 vols.

Order of authorship of the original set: H. W. Florey, Chain, Heatley, Jennings, Sanders, Abraham, M. E. Florey.

GMN 12613 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/14853

1949 ROBINSON, Sir Robert (1886 – 1975); CLARKE, Hans Thacher (1887 – 1972); JOHNSON, John Raven (1900 – 1983)

The chemistry of penicillin.

The National Academy of Sciences arranged for the preparation of this summary, with Clarke and Johnson representing the United States on the editorial board, and Robinson representing Britain. The 1120 page book was p…

GMN 12634 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/14875

1949 HODGKIN, Dorothy Crowfoot (1910 – 1994); ROGERS-LOW, Barbara Wharton (1920 – 2019)

X-ray crystallographic investigation of the structure of penicillin. IN: Clarke, Johnson, Robinson (eds.) Chemistry of penicillin (1949) 310-67.

Hodgkin and colleagues, including biochemist Barbara Low, solved the structure of penicillin in 1945, demonstrating, contrary to scientific opinion at the time, that it contains a β-lactam ring. The discovery was orig…

GMN 12635 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/14876

1949 HEBB, Donald Olding (1904 – 1985)

The organization of behavior: A neuropsychological theory.

Hebb connected the biological function of the brain as an organ together with the higher function of the mind. He studied how the function of neurons contributed to psychological processes such as learning. In this wo…

GMN 12735 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/14981

1949 LERICHE, Henri Marie René (1879 – 1955); MATISSE, Henri (1869 – 1954)

La chirurgie discipline de la connaissance.

Three hundred copies on papier vélin contain a lithographed portrait of Leriche drawn and hand-signed and numbered by Henri Matisse.

GMN 12784 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/15030

1949 JEFFERSON, Sir Geoffrey (1886 – 1961)

The mind of mechanical man.

Jefferson’s paper on the differences between electronic computers and the human brain inspired Alan Turing to respond with his famous paper, “Computing machinery and intelligence” (1950), which introduced the “Turing …

GMN 14289 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/16612