Darwin's teacher, John Stevens Henslow, had some of Darwin's letters to him published for private distribution as a pamphlet while Darwin was on the Beagle circumnavigation. Estimates of the number of copies printed vary from about 25 to about 200.

Darwin’s first published book, now universally known as The Voyage of the Beagle, is the most often read and the most often printed of all his works, after On the origin of species. Its relation to the background of Darwin's evolutionary ideas has often been stressed.

The traditionally identified first issue forms the third volume of The Narrative of the Voyages of H. M. Ships Adventure and Beagle, edited by Captain Robert Fitzroy and published, in three volumes and an appendix to Volume II, in 1839 in London by Henry Colburn. In its first separate issue, also in 1839, it was called Journal of Researches into the Geology and Natural History. Whether the separate version was issued simultaneously with the set, or slightly later is unknown, as both were advertised in the same set of advertisements in August 1839. The text and maps of the separate version are identifical to the set except that pp. i-iv of the preliminaries are cancels and [v-vi], the original volume title, is discarded.

Though Darwin tended to discard or disperse the manuscripts of his later works after they were published, in some cases giving sheets to his children for use as scrap paper, he saved the  original autograph manuscript for this work, and it is preserved at Down House. The manuscript was reproduced in facsimile by Genesis Publications, London, 1979.

Part 1: Fossil mammalia by Richard Owen; Part 2: Mammalia by George Waterhouse; Part 3: Birds by John Gould; Part 4: Fish by Leonard Jenyns; Part 5: Reptiles by Thomas Bell. Digital facsimile from the Internet Archive at this link.

With slight modification, Darwin's work remains the accepted explanation for these phenomena. "Even if he had done nothing else, the theory of the coral islands alone would have placed Darwin in the very front of investigations of nature" (Geikie).

The third and last of Darwin's geological reports on the Beagle voyage. In it he described the pampas, the plateaus and the Andres, showing how they had been gradually pushed up in the way that Charles Lyell surmised without the introduction of catastrophic events. The descriptions of secondary fossil shells from South America, illustrated in Sowerby's plates, are by Edward Forbes.

The first printed exposition of the “Darwinian” theory of evolution by natural selection. Had not Wallace independently discovered the theory of natural selection, it is possible that the extremely cautious Darwin might never have published his evolutionary theories during his lifetime. However, Wallace conceived the theory during an attack of malarial fever in Ternate in the Mollucas (February, 1858) and sent a manuscript summary to Darwin, who feared that his discovery would be pre-empted. In the interest of justice Joseph Dalton Hooker and Charles Lyell suggested joint publication of Wallace’s paper, On the tendency of varieties to depart indefinitely from the original type, prefaced by a section of a manuscript of a work on species written by Darwin in 1844, when it was read by Hooker, plus an abstract of a letter by Darwin to Asa Gray, dated 1857, to show that Darwin’s views on the subject had not changed between 1844 and 1857.

The Darwin-Wallace paper was issued in five different forms, all from the same setting of type. Four of these resulted from the publishing customs of the Linnean Society of London, which issued the journal in three different printed wrappers, depending on whether members subscribed to the zoological or botanical parts alone or both parts together. The fourth form was publication in the annual volume of the Journal, "made up from reserved stock of the parts with new title pages, dated in the year of completion of the volume, and indexes. This again was available complete or as Zoology or Botany alone" (Freeman). The fifth form was the authors' offprint. That form is of the greatest rarity.

Prepared under the advice of Lyell and Hooker, and brought to press soon after publication of the joint paper by Darwin and Wallace (No. 219), this was Darwin’s greatest work and one of the most important books ever published. The whole edition of 1250 copies was sold on the day of publication.

The theory of evolution can be traced to the ancient Greek belief in the “great chain of being.” Darwin’s greatest achievement was to make this centuries-old “underground” concept acceptable to the scientific community by cogently arguing for the existence of a viable mechanism – natural selection – by which new species evolve over vast periods of time. Darwin’s influence on biology was fundamental, and continues to be felt today. He remains, with Albert Einstein, one of the best-known scientists of all time.

Facsimile reproduction, with introduction by E. Mayr, Cambridge, Mass., 1964. See R.B. Freeman, The works of Charles Darwin: an annotated bibliographical handlist. 2nd ed. Folkestone, Kent, Dawson: 1977. See the Online Variorum of Darwin's Origin of Species, edited by Barbara Bordalejo. This is a variorum edition of the six British editions of Darwin's Origin of Species, published between 1859 and 1872. It identifies and presents every change between the six editions. See the editor's Introduction. Digital facsimile of the 1859 edition from Darwin Online at this link.

Darwin's first work on plant fertilization and the first volume of evidence that he published to support the theories advanced in On the origin of species (1859). This was also the only book by Darwin that was issued by Murray in distinctive purple cloth (first edition only).

Extensively revised, and the first edition to include the "historical sketch" crediting the historical precursors to the theory of evolution by natural selection. Darwin added this chapter in response to writings by Samuel Butler and others.

Darwin's report on his discoveries concerning the adaptive value of climbing for certain plants, including the development of circumnutation. Darwin waited ten years to publish the first edition in book form (1875) with the same title. That edition included data published by Fritz Muller and Hugo de Vrie's as well as darwin's own folllow-up research. The illustrations in the book form edition were drawn by the author's son George Darwin.

Darwin carried out numerous investigations with pigeons and various plants. He recognized continuous and discontinuous variation; he concluded that crossing tends to keep populations uniform.

This is really two works. The first demolished the theory that the universe was created for humans while in the second Darwin presented a mass of evidence in support of his earlier hypothesis regarding sexual selection. With respect to human origins, Darwin predicted that the ancestors of humanity would eventually be found in Africa, based on the extensive primate populations there. However, during the 19th and early 20th centuries paleoanthropologists focused their researches in Europe and Asia rather than Africa. This focus only very gradually changed after Raymond Dart discovered Australopithecus africanus in 1924.

Darwin examined the causes, physiological and psychological, of all the fundamental emotions in man and animals. He concluded that “the chief expressive actions exhibited by man and by the lower animals are now innate or inherited”, and that most of the movements of expression must have been gradually acquired. This is the only book by Darwin illustrated with photographs. It reproduces a number of photographs from Duchenne (No. 4973), and other photographs by Oscar Gustav Reijlander. Reprinted, New York, 1955. See P. Ekman (ed.): Darwin and facial expression: A century of research in review. New York, 1973.

Darwin's report on over 12 years of experimentation with cross and self-fertilization on 57 species. In these experiments Darwin discovered and demonstrated the concept of hybrid vigor or heterosis.

The first significant paper on child psychology, written from Darwin's personal notes of his observations of the development of his first born son, William Erasmus. The text is available from Darwin Online at this link.

Krause's short biography originally appeared in the German evolutionary periodical Kosmos in February 1879. In this translation Darwin added a biographical contribution that is longer than Krause's, i.e. 127pp by Darwin versus 89pp. by Krause. Darwin paid frequent tribute to his grandfather Erasmus, but denied that Erasmus's ideas had influenced him significantly in the development of the theory of evolution by natural selection. Digital facsimile of the copy Darwin presented to his daughter Henrietta Litchfield from the Internet Archive at this link.

Darwin's last book, published only 6 months before his death, but reporting on a subject that he had studied for more than 50 years. "He showed the services performed by earthworms in eating leaves and grinding earth in their gizzards and turning it into fertile soil, which they constantly sift and turn over down to a depth of twenty inches form the surface, thereby aerating it. He calculating from the weight of worm-casting that on one acre in one year's time eighteen tons of soil are brought up to the surface by worms. This was a pioneer study of quantaitative ecology" (Gavin de Beer in D.S.B.)

Includes the first editon of Darwin's most significant contribution to psychology. This was part of Chapter 10 of Darwin's unpublished "big book" on the origin of species. Romanes attempted, with Darwin, to develop a theory of mental evolution in which development of successively higher stages of intelligence, including that of man, could be explained in terms of natural, historical causes. Digital facsimile from the Biodiversity Heritage Library at this link.

See also the digital edition and virtual reconstruction of the surviving books owned by Charles Darwin from the Biodiversity Heritage Library at this link. This BHL special collection draws on original copies and surrogates from other libraries. It also provides full transcriptions of his annotations and marks. "In this first release (2011) we provide 330 of the 1480 titles in his library, concentrating on the most heavily annotated books." 

In addition to a frequently original study of the development of Darwin's psychological theories, the authors publish for the first time two extremely significant manuscript notebooks by Darwin written in 1837. These notebooks, which the authors supplement with notes and commentary, provide the earliest available insight into the origins of Darwin's views on human and comparative psychology. Some of the ideas they record were later developed in The descent of man and The expression of emotions in man and animals. Also the notebooks prove something that Darwin never publically admitted: the belief that man and the great apes descended from a common ancestor was the core of his theory of human evolution as early as 1837. Furthermore, the notebooks show that Darwin recognized the relationship between animal and human sexual behavior during the height of Victorian prudery. No wonder he never developed in print such theories as "Our descent, then is the origin of our evil passions!!− The Devil under form of Baboon is our grandfather!" (M. Notebook, p. 123).

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This bibliography has been extensively supplemented by the Freeman Bibliographical Database at Darwin Online edited by John van Wyhe. "The database has been supplemented by the entries from unpublished manuscript corrections by Freeman and those in:
Freeman. 1986. The works of Charles Darwin: an annotated bibliographical handlist. Additions and Corrections to Second Edition of 1977 to 1 January, 1986. University College London: for the author; as well as Freeman. 1986. Darwin in Chinese. Archives of Natural History 13 (1): 19-24; P. J. P. Whitehead. 1988. Darwin in Chinese: some additions. Archives of Natural History 15 (1): 61-62; the bibliography of The Correspondence of Charles Darwin; and subsequent research by John van Wyhe, Kees Rookmaaker, Angus Carroll, J. David Archibald and other contributors."

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