Digital facsimile from Google Books at this link.

Digital facsimile from Biodiversity Heritage Library at this link.

"[B]y far the fullest and most informative of narratives of the Confederate women who served as nurses" (In Tall Cotton). Cumming responded to calls for volunteers and worked as a field nurse from 1862 through the end of the war. "She describes with unusual realism hospital life and scenes, the horrors of amputations..., pathetic cases of gangrene, the difficulties of securing proper food for patients, and frequent moving of hospitals to keep out of reach of the enemy...As a realistic description of the Confederate hospital service, this journal is of first-rate importance" (Coulter p.61).
Digital facsimile from U.S. National Library of Medicine at this link.

One of the most spectacular works of medical botany ever published, in 3 folio volumes with 472 hand-colored plates and 3 hand-colored engraved title pages. Many of the plates by by Genéviève de Nangis Regnault. Digital facsimile from BnF Gallica at this link.

The introduction of Western hydrotherapy to the Ottoman world. Focusing upon the hot springs of Bursa, Bernard promoted the healing effects of warm waters to the general Ottoman population. Digital facsimile from Google Books at this link. 

Macintosh larygnoscope.

This paper is sometimes referred to as the Sarawak Law paper since it was written while Wallace was on a specimen collecting expedition in the province of Sarawak (East Malayasian States) on the great island of Borneo. The paper has been misrepresented by certain historians as presenting a portion of the theory of natural selection. That is false; Wallace did not publish on natural selection until the Darwin-Wallace papers published in 1858 (No. 219).

The "law" states "The following law may be deduced from these facts: — Every species has come into existence coincident both in space and time with a pre–existing closely allied species."  

About this Malcolm Jay Kottler wrote to me in April, 2023, "Darwin did not see that Wallace was thinking in evolutionary terms in this paper. In his paper Wallace used the word 'created' a number of times--such as 'It is evidently possible that two or three distinct species may have had a common antitype, and that each of these may again have become the antitypes from which other closely allied species were created"--which Darwin interpreted as creationist, and not evolutionary, in meaning.

See John van Wyhe, "The impact of A. R. Wallace's Sarawak Law paper reassessed," Studies in History and Philosophy of Science Part: Studies in History and Philosophy of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, 60 (2016) 56-66.

Prepared for the opening in June 1971 of the Naito Museum of Pharmaceutical Science and Industry in Japan, and emphasizing that museum and museums in the Middle East.

The first book on phrenology written by an American. Digital facsimile from U.S. National Library of Medicine at this link.

The first important American presentation of the case for polygenesis in support of slavery. Caldwell presented the first important American critique of the monogenist theories of human ancestry promoted by Samuel Stanhope Smith (No. 156.1)  and James Prichard. Caldwell "presented, with all the appearance of scientific objectivity, the case for 'polygenesis' or the separate creation of the races as distinct species . . . employing the accepted Biblical chronology of Archbishop James Ussher, [he] argued that Negroes were known to have existed 3,445 years ago, or only 743 years after Noah's ark--not enough time for a new race to come into existence through the effects of climate" (George M. Fredrickson, The Black Image in the White Mind [1987], p. 73). 

Digital facsimile from Google Books at this link.

Order of authorship in the original publication: Logghe, McFadden, Tully, Jones. Full text from PubMedCentral at this link.

"Since the emergence of social media in 2004, a growing percentage of patients use this technology for health related reasons. To reflect on the alleged beneficial and potentially harmful effects of social media use by patients, the aim of this paper is to provide an overview of the extant literature on the effects of social media use for health related reasons on patients and their relationship with healthcare professionals." 

The Lowry protein assay, a biochemical assay for determining the total level of protein in a solution.  As of 2015 this paper was considered the most highly-cited paper in the scientific literature with over 310,000 citations. Digital facsimile from PubMedCentral at this link.

Concerns only U.S. medical libraries.

Abstract
"Seasonal influenza epidemics are a major public health concern, causing tens of millions of respiratory illnesses and 250,000 to 500,000 deaths worldwide each year¹. In addition to seasonal influenza, a new strain of influenza virus against which no previous immunity exists and that demonstrates human-to-human transmission could result in a pandemic with millions of fatalities². Early detection of disease activity, when followed by a rapid response, can reduce the impact of both seasonal and pandemic influenza^3,4. One way to improve early detection is to monitor health-seeking behaviour in the form of queries to online search engines, which are submitted by millions of users around the world each day. Here we present a method of analysing large numbers of Google search queries to track influenza-like illness in a population. Because the relative frequency of certain queries is highly correlated with the percentage of physician visits in which a patient presents with influenza-like symptoms, we can accurately estimate the current level of weekly influenza activity in each region of the United States, with a reporting lag of about one day. This approach may make it possible to use search queries to detect influenza epidemics in areas with a large population of web search users."

The first regulations for barber surgeons published in France.  https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb338125216

Catalogue of the medical books in what is now the Bibliothèque nationale de France, but which was called in 1857 the Bibliothèque Impériale. By the second volume published in 1873 the library was renamed the Bibliothèque nationale, and vols 2 and 3 were "publié par ordre du gouvernement."  Digital facsimile of from Google Books at this link.

Digital facsimile from Biodiversity Heritage Library at this link. The Introductory Essay was also published separately by W. Pamphlin in 1855 with the following title: Introductory essay to the Flora Indica: including preliminary observations on the study of Indian botany; a summary of the labor of Indian botanists; a sketch of the meteorology of India; outlines of the physical geography and botany of the provinces of India. Digital facsimile of the separate edition of the Introductory Essay  from darwin-online.org at this link.

Digital facsimile from wellcomecollection.org at this link.  Significantly expanded as Food: its adulterations and methods for their detection, London: Longmans, Green, 1876. Digital facsimile of the 1876 edition from wellcomecollection.org at this link.

"... Kaye weaves together molecular biology, population genetics, the legal rules of evidence, and theories of statistical reasoning as he describes the struggles between prosecutors and defense counsel over the admissibility of genetic proof of identity. Combining scientific exposition with stories of criminal investigations, scientific and legal hubris, and distortions on all sides, Kaye shows how the adversary system exacerbated divisions among scientists, how lawyers and experts obfuscated some issues and clarified others, how probability and statistics were manipulated and misunderstood, and how the need to convince lay judges influenced the scientific research. Looking to the future, Kaye uses probability theory to clarify legal concepts of relevance and probative value, and describes alternatives to race-based DNA profile frequencies..." (publisher).

Jeffreys and associates discovered DNA fingerprinting, also called DNA profiling.

Jeffries and team discovered DNA fingerprinting, also called DNA profiling. This was the first publication of the method.

Wilson served as Inspector of Hospitals and Fleets from 1841 to 1843 onboard the Minden, a British hospital ship deployed in China at Chusan and Hong Kong at the end of 1841 to treat casualties in the First Opium War (1839-1842). By deploying the Minden in China, the British Admiralty provided state-of-the-art facilities and significant resources to curb the huge casualties caused by tropical diseases - in particular fevers - infecting the rank-and-file. Wilson had under his command a surgeon and five assistants, while the ship was fitted out with the latest heating and ventilation systems, lavatories, medical equipment, and beds for 150 patients needing around-the-clock care.  
Digital facsimile from wellcomecollection.org at this link.

Digital facsimile from academia.edu at this link.

Digital facsimile from Academia.edu at this link.

Digital text from quod.lib.umich.edu at this link

"Little is known of Albin’s early life, though he was probably born in Germany to a family named Weiss. By 1708 he had changed his surname to Albin and was living in London with his family. His profession of art teacher led him to the close observation of the natural world, reinforced by painting work which he undertook for the naturalist Joseph Dandridge (1665–1747), who collected insects and observed their metamorphosis from egg to fly. He also drew natural-history subjects for Sir Hans Sloane, before gaining the patronage of the Dowager Duchess of Beaufort, who encouraged him to compose the present work. An advertisement went out in about 1713 entitled 'Proposals for Printing by subscription a natural history of English insects', but the first edition did not materialise until 1720, owing chiefly to the early death of the Dowager Beaufort and the slow rate of subscriptions. Albin prided himself on his visual accuracy, stating in his introduction that his drawings were copied after life, unlike those of other illustrators, who "either did not look often enough at their Pattern, or affected to make the Picture outdo Nature". The work was published with black and white copper plates, which could be coloured on request by the author. His description of the cabbage white includes all stages of its life cycle, from caterpillar via chrysalis to butterfly, what they like to eat, and how to control them. Albin’s publication was supported by his circle of patrons and colleagues – members of the Beaufort family, Joseph Dandridge and Hans Sloane – as well as by Caroline, Princess of Wales, to whom the work was dedicated. William Derham, the editor, was a Fellow of the Royal Society, and the first to measure the speed of sound with reasonable accuracy. Text adapted from The First Georgians; Art and Monarchy 1714 - 1760, London, 2014" (https://www.rct.uk/collection/1057018/a-natural-history-of-english-insects, accessed 12-2021).

Digital facsimile from Biodiversity Heritage Library at this link.

Digital facsimile from U.S. National Library of Medicine at this link.

Digital facsimile from BnF Gallica at this link.

Digital facsimile from the Internet Archive at this link.

Digital facsimile from Wikipedia at this link.
"Project MKUltra (or MK-Ultra) was the code name of an illegal human experimentation program designed and undertaken by the U.S. Central Intelligence Agency (CIA).^[1][2][3] The experiments were intended to develop procedures and identify drugs such as LSD that could be used in interrogations to weaken individuals and force confessions through brainwashing and psychological torture. MKUltra used numerous methods to manipulate its subjects' mental states and brain functions, such as the covert administration of high doses of psychoactive drugs (especially LSD) and other chemicals, electroshocks,^[4] hypnosis,^[5][6] sensory deprivation, isolation, and verbal and sexual abuse, in addition to other forms of torture.^[7][8]

MKUltra was preceded by two drug-related experiments, Project Bluebird and Project Artichoke.^[9][10] It began in 1953, was reduced in scope in 1964 and 1967, and was halted in 1973. It was organized through the CIA's Office of Scientific Intelligence and coordinated with the United States Army Biological Warfare Laboratories.^[11] The program engaged in illegal activities,^[12][13][14] including the use of U.S. and Canadian citizens as unwitting test subjects.^{[12]: 74 [15][16][17]} MKUltra's scope was broad, with activities carried out under the guise of research at more than 80 institutions, including colleges and universities, hospitals, prisons, and pharmaceutical companies.^[18] The CIA operated using front organizations, although some top officials at these institutions were aware of the CIA's involvement.^[19]

MKUltra was first brought to public attention in 1975 by the Church Committee of the United States Congress and Gerald Ford's United States President's Commission on CIA activities within the United States (also known as the Rockefeller Commission). Investigative efforts were hampered by CIA Director Richard Helms's order that all MKUltra files be destroyed in 1973; the Church Committee and Rockefeller Commission investigations relied on the sworn testimony of direct participants and on the small number of documents that survived Helms's order.^[20] In 1977, a Freedom of Information Act request uncovered a cache of 20,000 documents relating to MKUltra, which led to Senate hearings.^[12][21] Some surviving information about MKUltra was declassified in July 2001. In December 2018, declassified documents revealed that the CIA made six dogs run, turn, and stop via remote control and brain implants as part of MKUltra.^{[22][23]
"(Wikipedia article on MKUltra, accessed 12-2021)}

Digital facsimile from wellcomecollection.org at this link.

Completed by G. B. Sowerby III after the death of G.B.S. II. Since "III" was color blind, his daughter did most of the coloring of his engravings. Digital facsimile from Biodiversity Heritage Library at this link.

The first treatise devoted entirely to molluscs, and the first practical guide for shell collectors.
"Bonanni's work is significant for his careful attempts to precisely describe shell morphology. Unfortunately, due to the printing and engraving process, the spirals shown on the shells were reversed from dextral to sinistral, a mirror image problem that later books avoided. Zoological taxonomies of the time were based on visual characteristics, and Bonanni paid special attention to both form and color, and showed details (sometimes fanciful) of the creatures inside the shells. Although his work predated the adoption of Linnaeus' system of binomial nomenclature (genus + species), Bonanni laid the foundation for the new discipline of conchology.^[1] Several later Linnaean names were based on Bonanni's work, including the name of the class Bivalvia, which he introduced." (Wikipedia article on Filippo Bonanni, accessed 12-2021).

During the U.S. Civil War Olmsted, a landscape architect, journalist, social critic and public administrator, was Executive Secretary of the U.S. Sanitary Commision. Digital facsimile from U.S. National Library of Medicine at this link.

Only Mackenzie is credited with authorship on the title page. Holland and Bright accompanied Mackenzie on this voyage and exploration. On p. xi of the Preface Mackenzie indicates that he benefitted from Hooker's notes on the botany of Iceland. On p. xiii he credits Holland with the account of the diseases of the Icelanders, and credits Bright for the account of the zoology and botany of Iceland. Digital facsimile from Google Books at this link.

Valentin considered this work on the correction of deformities of the spine, neck, rickets, clubfoot, etc. one of the first "scientific" treatises on orthopedics. Digital facsimile from digitale-bibliothek-mv.de at this link.

A history of contraception in the United States.

Includes a study of the trials of American sex educator Frederick Hollick for obscenity.

Digital facsimile of the 196th edition, much enlarged and improved from Google Books at this link. Sappol (2002) estimated that Hollick's works on sexuality and reproduction underwent at least 500 editions of between two and ten thousand copies up to 1902.

Digital facsimile of the 20th edition from Google Books at this link.

"In 1809 he went to Iceland to make a botanical survey for [Sir Joseph] Banks; his collections were lost in a fire at sea on the way home but with the aid of Banks’s notes from his own journey there in 1772 Hooker was able to produce an account which was published in 1811" (ODNB). Digital facsimile from Biodiversity Heritage Library at this link. There was also an issue from Yarmouth: Printed by J. Keyman, 1811, "Not Published".

Trained in horticulture at Syon House, London, Paterson was sent in 1777 to the Cape of Good Hope to collect plants for the estate of the Countess of Strathmore, undertaking four journeys into the South African interior, partly in the company of Robert Jacob Gordon and Jacob van Reenen. In the course of his travels the author penetrated as far as Namaqualand on the west, and the Great Fish River on the south-east. Although the principal feature of the work is a description of the botanical specimens collected ... there are many interesting notes respecting the natives, with a few remarks on the Dutch Colonists. The colored plates mainly depict botanical specimens. Digital facsimile from Biodiversity Heritage Library at this link.

Von Troil’s compilation is the only contemporary printed book steming from Sir Joseph Banks’s pioneering scientfic expedition to Iceland, Banks's first and only expedition as indisputable leader. Having recently returned from the Pacific with Captain James Cook, but having just withdrawn from Cook’s proposed Second Voyage, Banks wrote in his manuscript ‘Iceland Journal’ (now at McGill) that the possibility of an independent voyage to the South Seas in 1773 encouraged him to keep his entourage together and employed ‘to the advancement of science’. Iceland was seldom visited and suggested itself as a suitable terra incognita accessible in the time available: "the whole face of the country new to the botanist and zoologist as well as the many volcanoes with which it is said to abound made it very desirable to explore." On this expedition Banks was accompanied by Daniel Solander, James Lind, and Tobern Bergman, among others. Digital facsimile from Linda Hall Library at this link. Translated into English as Letters on Iceland containing observations on the civil, literary, ecclesiastical, and natural history; antiquities, volcanoes, basaltes, hot springs; customs, dress, manners of the inhabitants ... made during a voyage undertaken in the year 1772, by Joseph Banks, Assisted by Dr. Solander, Dr. J. Lind, Dr. Uno Von Troil, and several other literary and ingenious gentlemen. Written by Uno von Troil. To which are added .... Professor Bergman's curious observations and chemical examination of the lava and other substances produced on the island. (London, 1780). Digital facsimile of the English translation from Google Books at this link.

Digital facsimile from Google Books at this link.

"... emphasizes the importance and interrelationships of geological processes to the health and diseases of humans and animals. Its accessible format fosters better communication between the health and geoscience communities by elucidating the geologic origins and flow of toxic elements in the environment that lead to human exposure through the consumption of food and water. For example, problems of excess intake from drinking water have been encountered for several inorganic compounds, including fluoride in Africa and India; arsenic in certain areas of Argentina, Chile, and Taiwan; selenium in seleniferous areas in the U.S., Venezuela, and China; and nitrate in agricultural areas with heavy use of fertilizers. Environmental influences on vector borne diseases and stormflow water quality influences are also featured...." (publisher).

Digital facsimile from U.S. National Library of Medicine at this link.

In January 2022 when I wrote this entry the English language text of this catalogue (dated 2004) was available as a PDF at this link.

"Provides a history of the debate about gene editing, a summary of the ethics, and a proposal for moving forward. Re-conceptualizes the historical discussion about gene editing in the context of today's widespread use and potential for unethical applications" (publisher).

The first account of cataract extraction. Daviel also published this in the Mercure de France in September 1748, pp. 198-218. The separate edition, a 24-page pamphlet, was printed from a different setting of type.

Digital facsimile from Google Books at this link.

An extensively illustrated work on death from snake bites and species of venomous snakes instigated by the sudden death from snake bite of an otherwise healthy young man.
Digital facsimile from the Hathi Trust at this link.

"This extraordinary work purports to show marine life from the seas around Indonesia at a time when the natural wildlife of that area was virtually unknown in Europe. Renard, both a publisher and a spy for the British Crown, produced the work in 1719 in an edition of 100 copies; this second edition, also of about 100 copies, was made up after his death based on 36 unsold sets of pages from the first edition and the original copper plates. The work consisted of two books, with 100 plates and 460 hand-coloured engravings. The first part is fairly realistic, the second far more fanciful, going so far as to feature a mermaid.
The illustrations were supposedly based on drawings by Samuel Fallours (active 1703–20) belonging to Baltazar Coyett, Governor of Ambon and Banda (1694–1706), and to Mr Van der Stael, Governor of the Molucca Islands. However, the illustrations in the book bear a much greater similarity to another collection of drawings, now held at the British Library, presented to Sir Hans Sloane by Renard, indicating that Sloane’s set is actually far more likely to have been the model used by Renard’s engraver. In addition to the extravagant colouring, something which Renard insisted in his preface was accurate, the text has little scientific value, tending to focus on the culinary delights these fish provided and the sauces best suited to enjoy with them" (https://www.rct.uk/collection/1057042/poissons-ecrevisses-et-crabes-que-lon-trouve-autour-des-isles-moluques-et-sur-les).

Digital facsimile from Biodiversity Heritage Library at this link.

Inspired by Audubon's double elephant folios, the first edition was limited to 500 sets and 25 artists' copies, signed by Scott Gentling and John Graves. Folio (28 x 22 inches). 40 chromolithographed plates of birds and 10 of landscapes by Scott and Stuart Gentling, each with accompanying text leaf. Loose in 2 natural linen cloth portfolios housed in original natural linen cloth clamshell box. In 2001 the University of Texas Press published a trade edition in 10 x 13 inch format with 30 additional paintings or remarques.

"China’s vast and ancient body of documented knowledge about plants includes horticultural manuals and monographs, comprehensive encyclopedias, geographies, and specialized anthologies of verse and prose written by keen observers of nature. Until the late nineteenth century, however, standard practice did not include deploying a set of diagnostic tools using a common terminology and methodology to identify and describe new and unknown species or properties.

"Ordering the Myriad Things relates how traditional knowledge of plants in China gave way to scientific botany between the mid-nineteenth and mid-twentieth centuries, when plants came to be understood in a hierarchy of taxonomic relationships to other plants and within a broader ecological context. This shift not only expanded the universe of plants beyond the familiar to encompass unknown species and geographies but fueled a new knowledge of China itself..." (publisher).

Foege showed that "ring containment", selective vaccination of those at greatest risk, in closest proximity to an outbreak, was more effective in eradicating smallpox than mass vaccination.

On injuries and diseases of the crews of whaling voyages in particular. This was Santy's medical dissertation; dissertation and commercially published issues appeared from the same publisher the same year. Digital facsimile from the Internet Archive at this link.

The first significant book on dentistry by a Spanish dentist. Digital facsimile from Google Books at this link.

On the medical sues of wine.  Digital facsimile from Google Books at this link.

Includes the history of the introduction of vaccination in India from 1799 onward. Digital facsimile from the Internet Archive at this link.

Recounts the work toward the eradication of smallpox by the CDC, as distinct from the World Health Organization (WHO).

Digital facsimile from stacks.cdc.gov at this link.

Digital facsimile from Google Books at this link.