1905 –1906 STARLING, Ernest Henry (1866 – 1927); LANE-CLAYPON, Janet Elizabeth (1877 – 1967)

An experimental enquiry into the factors which determine the growth and activity of the mammary glands.

In their classic paper on the mammary gland, these workers attributed its changes during pregnancy to the fetus.

GMN 1180 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/1633

1907 BESREDKA, Alexandre (1870 – 1940); STEINHARDT, Edna

De l’anaphylaxie et de l’anti-anaphylaxie vis-à-vis du sérum de cheval.

“Anti-anaphylaxis” was the term given by Besredka and Steinhardt to the specific desensitization of sensitized animals.

GMN 2596 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/2960

1916 LOEB, Leo (1869 – 1959); LATHROP, Abbie E. C. (1868 – 1918)

Further investigations on the origin of tumours in mice. III. On the part played by internal secretion in the spontaneous development of tumours.

Demonstration of the influence of an internal secretion on the development of spontaneous cancer. Castration of female mice of a strain in which mammary cancer was frequent reduced its incidence and delayed its growth.

GMN 2642 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/3268

1924 DICK, George Frederick (1881 – 1967); DICK, Gladys Rowena Henry (1881 – 1963)

A scarlet fever antitoxin.

Following their successful attempts to establish individual susceptibility to scarlet fever, these workers prepared an antitoxin for immunization.

GMN 5083 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/5951

1924 DOCHEZ, Alphonse Raymond (1882 – 1964); SHERMAN, Lillian

The significance of Streptococcus hemolyticus in scarlet fever and the preparation of a specific anti-scarlatinal serum by immunization of the horse to Streptococcus hemolyticus-scarlatinae.

Dochez and Sherman immunized a horse by repeated injections of scarlet fever toxin. A serum obtained from the horse blanched a scarlet fever rash and, when injected subcutaneously, caused marked amelioration of the ea…

GMN 5084 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/5955

1931 BURNET, Sir Frank Macfarlane (1899 – 1985); MACNAMARA, Annie Jean Dame (1899 – 1968)

Immunological differences between strains of poliomyelitis virus.

GMN 4670.5 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/861

1932 MEDES, Grace May (1886 – 1967)

A new error of tyrosine metabolism: tyrosinosis, intermediary metabolism of tyrosine and phenylalanine.

GMN 3923.1 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/5061

1934 FELIX, Arthur (1887 – 1956); PITT, R. Margaret

A new antigen of B. typhosus. Its relation to virulence and to active and passive immunisation.

Vi antigens first described.

GMN 5045 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/8970

1935 HOSKINS, Meredith

A protective action of neurotropic against viscerotropic yellow fever virus in Macacus rhesus.

One of the first examples of an animal virus interference phenomenon was demonstrated by Hoskins.

GMN 2576.3 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/4118

1936 WEBSTER, Leslie Tillotson (1894 – 1943); CLOW, Anna D. (1905 – 1992)

Propagation of rabies virus in tissue culture and the successful use of culture virus as antirabic vaccine.

Webster and Clow succeeded in growing rabies virus in tissue culture.

GMN 5484.2 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/6390

1937 BOVET, Daniel (1907 – 1992); STAUB, Anne-Marie (1914 – 2012)

Action protectrice des éthers phénoliques au cours de l’intoxication histaminique.

First description of structure and action of an antihistamine. In 1957 Bovet was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine “for his discoveries relating to synthetic compounds that inhibit the action of certai…

GMN 1925 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/2718

1938 WOLLMAN, Eugène (1883 – 1943); WOLLMAN, Elisabeth (1888 – 1943)

Recherches sur le phénomène de Twort-d’Hérelle (bactériophage ou autolyse hérédo-contagieuse).

The Wollmans made important contributions to the knowledge on bacteriophage and lysogeny.

GMN 2576.7 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/4125

1939 KENDRICK, Pearl Louella (1890 – 1980); ELDERING, Grace (1900 – 1988)

A study in active immunization against pertussis.

Pertussis vaccine.

GMN 5087.2 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/5978

1940 EVANS, Herbert McLean (1882 – 1971); LI, Choh Hao (1913 – 1987); SIMPSON, Miriam Elizabeth (1894 – 1991)

Interstitial cell stimulating hormone. II. Method of preparation and some physico-chemical studies.

Choh Hao Li and colleagues isolated of the interstitial cell stimulating (luteinizing) hormone.

GMN 1173.1 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/1578

1941 HARE, Ronald (1899 – 1986); MCCLELLAND, Laurella (1912 – 1993)

The absorption of influenza virus by red cells and a new in vitro method of measuring antibodies for influenza virus.

Independently of Hirst, McClelland and Hare discovered virus hemagglutination.

GMN 2578 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/4133

1942 FREUND, Jules Thomas (1891 – 1960); MCDERMOTT, Katherine

Sensitization to horse serum by means of adjuvants.

Freund’s adjuvant. Freund’s procedure allowed adjuvants to be used for any antigen.

GMN 2578.1 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/4135

1942 FELTON, Lloyd Derr (1885 – 1953); OTTINGER, Barbara

Pneumococcus polysaccharide as a paralyzing agent on the mechanism of immunity in white mice.

GMN 2578.2 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/4138

1943 EVANS, Herbert McLean (1882 – 1971); LI, Choh Hao (1913 – 1987); SIMPSON, Miriam Elizabeth (1894 – 1991)

Adrenocorticotropic hormone.

Choh Hao Li and colleagues Isolated pure adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) from sheep pituitary glands.

GMN 1174 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/1580

1945 EVANS, Herbert McLean (1882 – 1971); LI, Choh Hao (1913 – 1987); SIMPSON, Miriam Elizabeth (1894 – 1991)

Isolation and properties of the anterior hypophyseal growth hormone.

Choh Hao Li and colleagues isolated the anterior pituitary growth hormone.

GMN 1175.1 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/1585

1945 ROTH, Grace M. (1894 – 1982); KVALE, Walter Frederick (1907 – 1970)

A tentative test for pheochromocytoma.

The Roth–Kvale histamine test for the diagnosis of pheochromocytoma.

GMN 3869 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/4921

1948 SPITZ, Sophie (1910 – 1956)

Melanomas of childhood.

Spitz first defined the histologic criteria for the diagnosis of juvenile melanoma.

GMN 4154.1 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/5874

1949 EVANS, Herbert McLean (1882 – 1971); LI, Choh Hao (1913 – 1987); SIMPSON, Miriam Elizabeth (1894 – 1991)

Isolation of pituitary follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH).

By Choh Hao Li and colleagues.

GMN 1175.2 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/1588

1953 GROSS, Jack (1921 – 1994); PITT-RIVERS, Rosalind Venetia Lane Fox (1907 – 1990)

3:5:3'-Triiodothyronine. I. Isolation from thyroid gland and synthesis.

Discovery of the second thyroid hormone, triiodothyronine. Digital facsimile from PubMedCentral at this link.

GMN 1138.1 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/1350

1956 GRIFFITHS, Margaret Isabel (1902 – 1996); GAISFORD, Wilfrid Fletcher (1902 – 1988)

Freeze-dried B.C.G. vaccination of newborn infants with a British vaccine.

Freeze-dried B.C.G. vaccine.

GMN 2353.1 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/3142

1957 PAYNE, Rose Marise (1909 – )

Leukocyte agglutinins in human sera. Correlations between blood transfusions and their development.

Leucocyte typing.

GMN 2578.23 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/4239

1960 YALOW, Rosalyn Sussman (1921 – 2011); BERSON, Solomon Aaron (1918 – 1972)

Immunosassay of endogenous plasma insulin in man.

First radioimmunoassay of a hormone, a test capable of estimating nonogram or even picogram quantities. In 1977 Yalow received half of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine "for the development of radioimmunoassay…

GMN 2578.28 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/4257

1963 GUTHRIE, Robert (1916 – 1995); SUSI, Ada J. (1918 – 2002)

A simple phenylalanine method for detecting phenylketonuria in large populations of newborn infants.

Bacterial inhibition test for phenylketonuria.

GMN 3924.4 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/5084

1994 FRIEDMAN, Jeffrey M. (1954 – ); ZHANG, Yiying

Positional cloning of the mouse obese gene and its human homologue.

Discovery of the hormone leptin and its role in regulating body weight. Friedman and associates subsequently found that injections of the encoded protein, leptin, decrease body weight of mice by reducing food intake a…

GMN 7066 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/9233

2003 QUIGLEY, Christine (1963 – )

Conjoined twins: An historical, biological and ethical issues encyclopedia.

GMN 10709 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/12903

2005 KARIKÓ, Katalin (1955 – ); WEISSMAN, Drew; BUCKSTEIN, Michael; NI, Houping

Suppression of RNA recognition by toll-like receptors: The impact of nucleoside modification and the evolutionary origin of RNA.

Karikó and Weissman discovered the nucleoside modifications that suppress the immungenicity of RNA, leading to their patents for the application of non-immunogenic, nucleoside-modified RNA (modRNA). This technology wa…

GMN 13622 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/15902

2007 HORVATH, Philippe (1970 – ); BARRANGOU, Rodolphe; FREMAUX, Christophe; DEVEAU, Hélène

CRISPR provides acquired resistance against viruses in prokaryotes.

Horvath and his team provided key details of the extremely complex mechanisms involved in CRISPR's function as an immune system for bacteria against bacteriophages. Analogous to Pasteur's heroic role in saving the Fre…

GMN 11843 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/14047

2015 WHITWORTH, Kristin Marie; ROWLAND, Raymond R. R.; EWEN, Catherine L.; PRATHER, Randall S.; ET AL

Gene-edited pigs are protected from porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus.

Order of authorship in the original publication: Whitworth, Rowland, Ewen, ... Prather. Using the CRISPR Cas molecular gene-editing tool, Prather and colleagues edited the gene that codes for the CD163 protein in adul…

GMN 11848 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/14052