1950 DOLL, Sir William Richard Shaboe (1912 – 2005); HILL, Sir Austin Bradford (1897 – 1999)

Smoking and carcinoma of the lung. Preliminary report.

A study of 1,465 cases of lung cancer and 1,465 matched controls, which confirmed and extended the studies of Wynder and Graham, and others. See also later papers by the same authors in Brit. med. J., 1952, 2,1271-86;…

GMN 3215.2 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/4373

1951 HUFNAGEL, Charles Anthony (1916 – 1989)

Aortic plastic valvular prosthesis.

Hufnagel designed and inserted the first workable prosthetic heart valve in man.

GMN 3047.2 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/3551

1952 DODRILL, Forest Dewey (1902 – 1997)

Some physiologic aspects of the artificial heart problem.

On July 3, 1952 Dodrill completed the first successful open heart surgery on the left ventricle of Henry Opitek. He used a machine developed by himself and researchers at General Motors, the Dodrill-GMR, considered to…

GMN 859.1 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/749

1952 VOORHEES, Arthur Jr. (1921 – 1992); ET AL

The use of tubes constructed from Vinyon “N” cloth in bridging arterial defects.

Introduction of plastic material to repair arterial defects. Voorhees later abandoned this material in favour of Dacron. With A. Jaretzki and A. W. Blakemore.

GMN 3047.3 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/3556

1953 KUROYA, Masahiko (1921 – 1976)

Newborn virus pneumonitis (type Sendai). II. The isolation of a new virus possessing hemagglutinin activity.

M. Kuroya, N. Ishida, and T. Shiratori isolated the first recognized Sendai (para-influenza) virus.

GMN 3215.3 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/4374

1954 GIBBON, John Heysham Jr. (1903 – 1973)

Application of a mechanical heart and lung apparatus to cardiac surgery.

First pump oxygenator used on humans. Performed on May 6, 1953, this was the first successful intracardiac operation in a patient with the use of total heart-lung bypass.

GMN 3047.5 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/3564

1955 LILLEHEI, Clarence Walton (1918 – 1999)

Controlled cross circulation for direct-vision intracardiac surgery; correction of ventricular septal defects, atrioventricularis communis, and tetralogy of Fallot.

Controlled cross circulation (human heart–lung “machine”) for intracardiac surgery.

GMN 3047.7 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/3570

1955 DEBAKEY, Michael Ellis (1908 – 2008); COOLEY, Denton Arthur (1920 – 2016); MAHAFFEY, D. E.

Total excision of the aortic arch for aneurysm.

Total excision and replacement by polyvinyl sponge (Ivalon) prosthesis.

GMN 2993.2 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/5283

1955 KIRKLIN, John Webster (1917 – 2004); ET AL

Intracardiac surgery with the aid of a mechanical pump oxygenator system (Gibbon type): Report of eight cases.

Co-authored with JW Dushane, RT Patrick, DE Donald, PS Hetzel and EH Wood, "Kirklin refined the heart-lung machine (screen type) originally developed by Gibbon, to the point that it allowed the person to receive oxyge…

GMN 10995 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/13191

1955 COMROE, Julius H. Jr. (1911 – 1984); DUBOIS, Arthur Brooks (1924 – 2020); FORSTER, Robert E. II; BRISCOE, William A. (1918 – 1985); CARLSEN, Elizabeth

The lung: Clinical physiology and pulmonary function tests.

Comroe and associates at the University of Pennsylvania introduced pulmonary function tests developed by physiologists into clinical practice. Comroe invented several of the tests described in the book.

GMN 12458 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/14690

1957 CHANOCK, Robert Merritt (1904 – 2010); ET AL

Recovery from infants with respiratory illness of a virus related to chimpanzee coryza agent (CCA).

Respiratory syncytial virus. With B. Roizman and R. Myers.

GMN 3215.4 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/4375

1958 SZILAGYI, D. Emerick (1910 – 2009); ET AL

Clinical use of an elastic Dacron prosthesis.

Arterial prosthesis. With L. C. France, R. F. Smith, and J. G. Whitcomb.

GMN 3047.12 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/3607

1960 GOODFIELD, June (1927 – )

The growth of scientific physiology: Physiological method and the mechanist-vitalist controversy, illustrated by the problems of respiration and animal heat.

GMN 11708 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/13909

1960 HOCHBERG, Lew A.

Thoracic surgery before the 20th century.

GMN 12353 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/14577

1961 STARR, Albert (1926 – ); EDWARDS, Miles Lowell (1898 – 1982)

Mitral replacement: The shielded ball valve prothesis.

On September 21, 1960, Starr successfully inserted a “ball-in-cage” prosthetic valve (the Starr-Edwards heart valve) into a patient’s mitral valve, which was severely diseased as a result of rheumatic fever. This was …

GMN 3047.16 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/3624

1961 LONG, Esmond Ray (1890 – 1979)

A history of the therapy of tuberculosis and the case of Frederic Chopin.

GMN 10321 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/12513

1961 KOUWENHOVEN, William Bennett (1886 – 1975); JUDE, James R. (1928 – 2015); KNICKERBOCKER, G. Guy (1932 – 2022)

A new approach to cardiac resuscitation.

"The pioneers of modern cardiopulmonary resucitation describe their breakthrough technique of combining mouth-to-mouth ventilation, closed chest compressions, and transthoracic defibrillation to treat cardiac arrest" …

GMN 11671 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/13872

1962 CHANOCK, Robert Merritt (1904 – 2010); HAYFLICK, Leonard (1928 – 2024)

Growth on artificial medium of an agent associated with atypical pneumonia and its identification as a PPLO.

Using a novel agar and fluid medium formulation he had devised, Hayflick isolated a unique mycoplasma Mycoplasma pneumoniae, a mycoplasma shown to be the cause of some cases of primary atypical pneumonia, or "walking …

GMN 3215.5 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/4377

1962 GALLETTI, Pierre M. (1927 – 1997); BRECHER, Gerhard A.

Heart-lung bypass: Principles and techniques of extracorporeal circulation.

GMN 11602 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/13802

1963 PEPYS, Jacob (1914 – 1996)

Farmer’s lung. Thermophilic actinomycetes as a source of “farmer’s lung hay” antigen.

Pepys and five co-authors showed that thermophilic actinomycetes, especially Micropolyspora faeni, were the cause of farmer’s lung due to mouldy hay.

GMN 3215.6 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/4378

1964 U.S. PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE; TERRY, Luther (1911 – 1985)

Smoking and health: report of the Advisory Committee to the Surgeon General of the Public Health Service.

Definitive 386-page throughly documented study of the carcinogenic and pulmonologic effects of smoking, and the addictive aspects of nicotine. It was published under the supervision of Surgeon-General Luther Terry. Di…

GMN 7385 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/9557

1964 GOTTLIEB, Leon S.

A history of respiration.

GMN 11707 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/13908

1969 COOLEY, Denton Arthur (1920 – 2016); LIOTTA, Domingo Santo (1924 – )

Orthotopic cardiac prosthesis for two-staged cardiac replacement.

The first total artificial heart implant, performed by Colley using a device developed by Liotta on April 4, 1969. The device, known as the Liotta-Cooley artificial heart, was implanted in a 47-year-old patient with s…

GMN 7810 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/9982

1977 FRASER, David William

Legionnaires’ disease. Description of an epidemic of pneumonia.

First major scientific account. With 11 co-authors. Legionnaire's disease acquired its name after an outbreak of a then-unknown "mystery disease" sickened 221 persons, causing 34 deaths. The people affected were atten…

GMN 3215.7 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/4380

1977 SHEPARD, Charles Carter (1914 – 1985); FRASER, David William; MCDADE, Joseph E.; ET AL

Legionnaires’ disease. Isolation of a bacterium and demonstration of its role in other respiratory disease.

Order of authorship in the original publication: McDade, Shepard, Fraser.... See also p. 1218.

GMN 3215.8 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/4382

1981 CENTERS FOR DISEASE CONTROL AND PREVENTION (CDC)

Kaposi's sarcoma and pneumocystis pneumonia among homosexual men--New York City and California.

The second published report on what later became the AIDS epidemic. The report described 26 homosexual men in New York and California with Kaposi's sarcoma, and 10 more Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP) cases in ho…

GMN 6995 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/9161

1982 LAENNEC, René Théophile Hyacinthe (1781 – 1826); GRMEK, Mirko Dražen (1924 – 2000); BOULLE, Lydie; LUPOVICI, Catherine; SAMION-CONTET, Janine

Laennec: Catalogue des manuscrits scientifiques

Documents manuscripts by Laennec preserved in the Archives de l'Académie des Sciences, and Musée Laennec de la Bibliothèque Universitaire de Nantes, Section médecine-pharmacie.

GMN 11055 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/13251

1994 BJÖRK, Viking Olov (1918 – 2009)

Fifty years of cardiac and pulmonary surgery 1942-1993. The beginning of open heart surgery of postoperative intensive care. The first complete left heart catheterization. Mechanical heart valves.

Björk may be most remembered for the Bjork-Shiley artificial heart valve.

GMN 12335 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/14559

1996 WEST, John B. (1928 – )

Respiratory physiology: People and ideas, edited by John B. West.

GMN 7779 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/9951

1998 DERICKSON, Alan (1948 – )

Black lung: Anatomy of a public health disaster.

GMN 13294 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/15560

2006 LAWLOR, Clark (1965 – )

Consumption and literature: The making of the romantic disease.

GMN 9926 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/12114

2015 WEST, John B. (1928 – )

Essays on the history of respiratory physiology.

GMN 7781 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/9953

2019 PUTHA, Preetham; WARIER, Prashant; RAO, Pooja; ET AL

Can artificial intelligence reliably report chest x-rays? Radiologist validation of an algorithm trained on 2.3 million x-rays.

"Background: Chest X-rays are the most commonly performed, cost-effective diagnostic imaging tests ordered by physicians. A clinically validated AI system that can reliably separate normals from abnormals can be inval…

GMN 12407 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/14637