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Garrison-Morton-Norman History of Medicine

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Drugs & Technology

311 entries match Instruments & Devices [E07]

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1929

#1446

Über das Elektrenkephalogramm des Menschen.

BERGER, Johannes (“Hans”) (1873 – 1941)

First recording of human brain activity, which Berger called electroencephalography. Berger actually recorded his first EEG in 1924, but did not publish the technique until 1929. He showed that the electrical activity…

1929

#6299.1

Obstetric forceps, its history and evolution.

DAS, Sir Kedarnath (1867 – 1936)
DAS, Sir Kedarnath (1867 – 1936)

1931

#4400.1

Arthroscopy or the direct visualization of joints: An experimental cadaver study.

BURMAN, Michael S. (1901 – 1975)

The first description of arthroscopic appearance of joints other than the knee, and a classic on the fundamental principles of the procedure. Follow-up paper by Burman, H. Finkelstein, & L. Mayer: Arthroscopy of the k…

1932

#3553

Ein völlig ungefährliches, flexibles Gastroskop.

SCHINDLER, Rudolf (1888 – 1968)

Introduction of the flexible gastroscope.

1935

#858.1

An apparatus for the culture of whole organs.

LINDBERGH, Charles Augustus (1902 – 1974)
LINDBERGH, Charles Augustus (1902 – 1974)

In 1931, the year before his son’s sensational kidnapping, the celebrity aviator began working with Alexis Carrel at the Rockefeller Institute on a perfusion pump which would allow the cultivation of whole organs in v…

1937

#9441

The cataract operations of 'Ammar Ibn Alī Al-Mausilī by Max Meyerhof.

MEYERHOF, Max (1874 – 1945) IBN ALĪ AL MAUSILĪ, 'Ammār (996 – 1020)

Mausilī invented a hollow metallic syringe, which he applied through the sclerotic, and successfully extracted cataracts through suction.

1938

#2682.51

The history of the forceps: An investigation on the occurrence, evolution, and use of the forceps from prehistoric times to the present (with a summary in Danish). Translated by William Ernest Calvert.

MØLLER-CHRISTENSEN, Vilhelm (1903 – 1988)

Not limited to the obstetric forceps.

1939

#3038.1

An oxygenator with a large surface–volume ratio.

GIBBON, John Heysham Jr. (1903 – 1973)
GIBBON, John Heysham Jr. (1903 – 1973)

First heart–lung machine used successfully on an animal.

1941

#5723

The Oxford vaporiser No. 1.

EPSTEIN, Hans Georg (1909 – 2002)

With R. R. Macintosh and K. Mendelssohn. The Oxford vaporiser No. 2 is described in the same journal, pp. 64-66 by S. L. Cowan, R. D. Scott, and S. F. Suffolk.

1942

#5811

The history and evolution of surgical instruments.

THOMPSON, Charles John Samuel (1862 – 1943)
THOMPSON, Charles John Samuel (1862 – 1943)

1944

#4255

The artificial kidney: Dialyser with great area.

KOLFF, Willem Johann (1911 – 2009) & et al.

The Kolff artificial kidney. With H. T. J. Berk and others. Kolff first published his discovery in a neutral country (Sweden) since in 1944 Holland was occupied by the Germans. See also No. 1976.

1947

#2063

A critical study of the origins and early development of hypodermic medication.

HOWARD-JONES, Norman (1909 – 1985)

1947

#3412.3

A new audiometer.

BÉKÉSY, Georg von (1899 – 1972)

Semi-automatic (Békésy) audiometer.

1947

#4912.1

Stereotaxic apparatus for operations on the human brain.

SPIEGEL, Ernest Adolf (1895 – 1985) WYCIS, Henry T. (1911 – 1972) & et al.

"The first successful cranial application of stereotactic surgery in humans is credited to the team of Ernest Spiegel and Henry Wycis in the Department of Experimental Neurology at Temple University in Philadelphia (S…

1947

#6311

The secret instrument. The birth of the midwifery forceps.

RADCLIFFE, Walter

Reprinted with No. 6311.5, San Francisco, Norman Publishing, 1989.

1949

#6310

The development of gynaecological surgery and instruments… from the Hippocratic age to the Antiseptic period.

RICCI, James Vincent (1890 – )

Reprint, San Francisco, Norman Publishing, 1990.

1949

#11987

A stereotaxic apparatus for intracerebral surgery.

LEKSELL, Lars (1907 – 1986)

"In 1947 Leksell visited Wycis in Philadelphia and then developed and described his instrument in a publication in 1949. This was the first example of a stereotactic system based on the principle of ‘‘center-of-arc’’.…

1952

#2680.1

Ultrasonic visualization of soft-tissue structures of the body.

HOWRY, Douglas Hamilton (1920 – ) BLISS, Wiliam Roderic

First tomogram of soft tissue.

1952

#2883

Resuscitation of the heart in ventricular standstill by external electric stimulation.

ZOLL, Paul Maurice (1911 – 1999)
ZOLL, Paul Maurice (1911 – 1999)

External cardiac pacemaker. "The medical world took notice when Zoll announced in 1952 that he had successfully kept a patient alive through numerous episodes of ventricular standstill using a bedside device that deli…

1952

#3705

Old instruments used for extracting teeth.

COLYER, Sir Frank James (1866 – 1954)

1954

#3047.5

Application of a mechanical heart and lung apparatus to cardiac surgery.

GIBBON, John Heysham Jr. (1903 – 1973)
GIBBON, John Heysham Jr. (1903 – 1973)

First pump oxygenator used on humans. Performed on May 6, 1953, this was the first successful intracardiac operation in a patient with the use of total heart-lung bypass.

1954

#3558.1

A flexible fibrescope, using static scanning.

HOPKINS, Harold Horace (1918 – 1994) KAPANY, Narinder Singh (1926 – )

1955

#3047.7

Controlled cross circulation for direct-vision intracardiac surgery; correction of ventricular septal defects, atrioventricularis communis, and tetralogy of Fallot.

LILLEHEI, Clarence Walton (1918 – 1999)

Controlled cross circulation (human heart–lung “machine”) for intracardiac surgery.

1955

#10995

Intracardiac surgery with the aid of a mechanical pump oxygenator system (Gibbon type): Report of eight cases.

KIRKLIN, John Webster (1917 – 2004) & et al.

Co-authored with JW Dushane, RT Patrick, DE Donald, PS Hetzel and EH Wood, "Kirklin refined the heart-lung machine (screen type) originally developed by Gibbon, to the point that it allowed the person to receive oxyge…

1955

#14036

Old English silver and its medical interest. Presidential Address, Liverpool Medical Institution, 14th October 1954.

COHEN, Henry, 1st Baron Cohen of Birkenhead (1900 – 1977)
COHEN, Henry, 1st Baron Cohen of Birkenhead (1900 – 1977)

Digital facsimile from wellcomecollection.org at this link.

1955

#14312

The maser - new type of microwave amplifier, frequency standard, and spectrometer.

TOWNES, Charles Hard (1915 – 2015)
TOWNES, Charles Hard (1915 – 2015)
GORDON, James Power (1928 – 2013)
GORDON, James Power (1928 – 2013) ZEIGER, Herbert (1925 – 2011)

In 1964 Townes shared the Nobel Prize in Physics with Nicolay Gennadiyevich Basov and Alexandr Mihailovich Prokhorov "for fundamental work in the field of quantum electronics, which has led to the construction of osci…

1956

#3047.9

A simple, expendable, artificial oxygenator for open heart surgery.

DEWALL, Richard A. (1926 – 2016) & et al.

DeWall bubble oxygenator. With six co-authors.

1956

#4257.1

Further developments of a coil kidney. Disposable artificial kidney.

KOLFF, Willem Johann (1911 – 2009) WATSCHINGER, B

Disposable twin coil kidney.

1957

#4405.01

Atlas of arthroscopy.

WATANABE, Masaki (1911 – 1995)

The first atlas of arthroscopy, a major step in gaining wide acceptance of this operating technique. The color illustrations were prepared by an artist as available arthroscopes did not permit color photography. Watan…

1958

#3047.11

The treatment of complete heart block by the combined use of a myocardial electrode and artificial pacemaker.

LILLEHEI, Clarence Walton (1918 – 1999) WEIRICH, William L. (1924 – 2014) GOTT, Vincent Lynn (1927 – )

Order of authorship in the original publication: Weirich, Gott, Lillehei. Attachment of a wire to the ventricular epicardium, and bringing it out percutaneously to an external pacemaker. This was a key development lea…

1958

#3558.3

Demonstration of the new gastroscope, the “fiberscope”.

HIRSCHOWITZ, Basil Isaac (1925 – 2013)

The Hirschowitz fiber optic endoscope, the "Fiberscope." In February 1957 Hirschowitz passed the first prototype instrument down his own throat and, a few days later, down that of a patient. Hirschowitz gave the first…

1959

#3047.10

The use of intracardiac pacemaker in the correction of total heart block.

FURMAN, Seymour (1931 – 2006) ROBINSON, George (1922 – )

First use of pacemaker for Stokes–Adams syndrome, using dogs as subjects. External power source. See also Furman and Scawadel, John B., "An intracardiac pacemaker for Stokes–Adams seizures ," New Engl. J. Med.,1959, 2…

1959

#2883.3

A bipolar myocardial electrode for complete heart block.

HUNTER, Samuel Wynne (1921 – 2008) & et al.

With N. A. Roth, D. Bernardez, and J. L. Noble.

1959

#14227

Einführung in die stereotaktischen Operationen mit einem Atlas des menschlichen Gehirns. Introduction to stereotaxis with an atlas of the human brain. Large folio text plus 2 large folio binders of plates with captions.

BAILEY, Percival (1892 – 1973) SCHALTENBRAND, Georges (1897 – 1979)

One of the most elaborately produced medical books of the 20th century, with numerous very large plates folding out to the size of four folio sheets, and numerous photographs with plastic overlays.

1960

#3047.15

A transistorized, self-contained, implantable pacemaker for the long-term correction of complete heart block.

CHARDACK, William M. (1914 – 2006) GREATBATCH, Wilson (1919 – 2011) GAGE, Andrew A.

The first fully-implantable pacemaker.

1960

#11590

An implantable pacemaker in the heart. IN: Medical electronics: Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Medical Electronics, Paris 24-27 June 1959. Edited by C. N. Smyth.

ELMQVIST, Rune (1906 – 1996)
ELMQVIST, Rune (1906 – 1996)
SENNING, Åke (1915 – 2000)
SENNING, Åke (1915 – 2000)

"This is the original report of the first fully implantable pacemaker that was designed by Elmqvist and surgically inserted under the skin of a patient in October 1958. It is an abstract of their presentation that sig…

1962

#11602

Heart-lung bypass: Principles and techniques of extracorporeal circulation.

GALLETTI, Pierre M. (1927 – 1997) BRECHER, Gerhard A.

1963

#6941

Effect of the laser beam on the skin.

GOLDMAN, Leon (1906 – 1997)

One of the first papers on the application of lasers in medicine. In 1961 Goldman became the first researcher to use a laser to treat a human skin disease when he treated melanoma. The method later became popular in r…

1965

#4914.3

Stereotactic tractotomy in the surgical treatment of mental illness.

KNIGHT, Geoffrey Cureton (1906 – 1993)

1965

#7233

Auditory nerve.

SIMMONS, Francis Blair (1930 – 1998)

Describes the first "chronically" implanted or permanent cochlear implant. With John M. Epley of Stanford; Robert C. Lummis, Newman Guttman, Lawrence C. Frishkopf of Bell Telephone Laboratories; and Leon D. Harmon and…

1965

#13189

Die Geschichte der Hersteller und Verkäufer zahnärztlicher Bedarfsartikel bis um 1900: eine historische Sammlung unter besonderer Berücksichtigung der ältesten deutschen Dentaldepots.

HEPBURN, Christian

1966

#7234

Electrical Stimulation of the Auditory Nerve in Man.

SIMMONS, Francis Blair (1930 – 1998)

This detailed psychophysical and electrophysiological analysis of one patient proved that a cochlear implant provided sufficient information to the central nervous system for the understanding of speech.

1966

#12912

Catalogue of the Menzies Campbell collection of dental instruments, pictures, appliances, ornaments, etc.

CAMPBELL, John Menzies (1887 – 1974)

1967

#6942

Biomedical aspects of the laser: The introduction of laser applications into biology and medicine.

GOLDMAN, Leon (1906 – 1997)

The first book on the use of lasers in medicine and biology.

1971

#6007.1

A history of the ophthalmoscope.

RUCKER, C. Wilbur (1900 – 1991)

1971

#7405

Histology of the human eye.

HOGAN, Michael J. (1907 – 1976) ALVARADO, Jorge A. WEDDELL, Joan Esperson

Hogan and Alvarado's work was the first book on histology of the eye to include electron microscopy. It also reproduced spectacular three-dimensional representations of ocular ultrastructures by Joan Esperson Weddell.

1973

#4914.6

Stereotactic limbic leucotomy: Neurophysiological aspects and operative technique.

KELLY, Desmond Hamilton Wilson (1934 – )

With A. Richardson and N. Mitchell-Heggs.

1973

#9353

Albucasis on surgery and instruments. A definitive edition of the Arabic text, with English translation and commentary by M. S. Spink and G. L. Lewis.

ABULCASIS (ABU AL-QASIM KHALAF IBN AL-ABBAS AL-ZAHRAWI; أبو القاسم خلف بن العباس الزهراوي‎), [Albucasis] (936 – 1013) SPINK, Martin S. LEWIS, Geoffrey Lewis (1920 – 2008)

1978

#2682.52

Medicine and the reign of technology.

REISER, Stanley Joel

1979

#2682.54

Bloodletting instruments in the National Museum of History and Technology.

DAVIS, Audrey B. ( – 2006) APPEL, Toby A. (1945 – )

Digital facsimile from Smithsonian Research Online at this link.