An Interactive Annotated World Bibliography of Printed and Digital Works in the History of Medicine and the Life Sciences from Circa 2000 BCE to 2024 by Fielding H. Garrison (1870-1935), Leslie T. Morton (1907-2004), and Jeremy M. Norman (1945- ) Traditionally Known as “Garrison-Morton”

16066 entries, 14153 authors and 1947 subjects. Updated: December 29, 2024

Permanent Link for Entry #16380

  • 14069

On the aims and methods of ethology.

Zeit. f. Tierpsychologie, 4, 410-433, 1963.

In this paper Tinbergen defined Tinbergen's Four Questions, or complementary categories of explanations for animal behavior. that form the basis of ethology: Causation, Ontogeny, Survival Value, and Evolution. 

In 1973 the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine was awarded jointly to Karl von Frisch, Konrad Lorenz and Nikolaas Tinbergen "for their discoveries concerning organization and elicitation of individual and social behaviour patterns."
See No.14138.
(Thanks to Juan Weiss for this reference and its interpretation.)



Subjects: ANTHROPOLOGY › Ethnology, NOBEL PRIZES › Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
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