Arabic edition and English translation of Sābūr ibn Sahl's famous dispensatory as preserved in a recension made by the physicians of the ʿAḍudī hospital in Baghdad around the middle of the 11th century CE.

Edition and translation of the oldest manuscript on Arabic pharmacy.

Kraske introduced the sacral method of resection of the rectum for carcinoma.

This includes the first mention of epilepsy in children. Hippocrates grouped all convulsive attacks together as ερα νο̂σος, the sacred disease. He did not employ the word έπίληψις, (which seems first to have been used in the 10th century by Avicenna) but the terms ρόν νόσημα, παθος παίδειον and νόσημα παίδειον. The standard Greek edition is Die hippokratische Schrift Über dieheilige Krankheit. Herausgegeben, übersetzt und erläutert von H. Grensemann, Berlin, 1968.

"Candomblé, an African religious and healing tradition that spread to Brazil during the slave trade, relies heavily on the use of plants in its spiritual and medicinal practices. When its African adherents were forcibly transplanted to the New World, they faced the challenge not only of maintaining their culture and beliefs in the face of European domination but also of finding plants with similar properties to the ones they had used in Africa.

"This book traces the origin, diffusion, medicinal use, and meaning of Candomblé's healing pharmacopoeia—the sacred leaves. Robert Voeks examines such topics as the biogeography of Africa and Brazil, the transference—and transformation—of Candomblé as its adherents encountered both native South American belief systems and European Christianity, and the African system of medicinal plant classification that allowed Candomblé to survive and even thrive in the New World. This research casts new light on topics ranging from the creation of African American cultures to tropical rain forest healing floras" (publisher).

This beautifully illustrated work was the first textbook on the subject to be published in the Italian language. Its author has been called “the father of Italian ophthalmology”. English translation, London, 1806.

Spallanzani, a believer in preformation theory, found that he could prevent contamination by microorganisms in strongly heated infusions protected from aerial contamination, but he observed that as soon as air was allowed to enter the flask, microorganisms proliferated. He was one of the first to dispute the doctrine of spontaneous generation. Digital facsimile from Google Books at this link.

Includes (pp. 33-56) an account of perforating duodenal ulcer.

Includes description of “Rolando’s substance”, “tubercle”, and “funiculus”. Rolando described ablation experiments for brain localization similar to Flourens (No. 1391). They were largely unknown until Magendie published a French translation of them in his J. Phys. exper. path., 1823, 3, 95-113, which was reprinted by Flourens in No. 1493. Rolando was correct in allocating motor activity to the cerebral hemispheres; however his views on cerebellar function were replaced by those advanced by Flourens.
Digital facsimile from Google Books at this link.

Salvarsan first used in the treatment of rat-bite fever.

The earliest surviving illustrated manuscript version of the Physiologus. Digital facsimile of the codex from e-codices.unifr.ch at this link.

This 9th century codex, from the Rheims scriptorium, was first published in print as: Physiologus Bernensis: Voll-Faksimile-Ausgabe des Codex Bongarsianus 318 der Burgerbibliothek Bern. Wissenschaftliche Kommentar von Christoph von Steiger und Otto Homburger. Basel: Alkuin-Verlag, 1964

Noorden succeeded Nothnagel at Vienna. He made important studies of metabolism and its disorders. His section on obesity was translated into English as Obesity: the indications for reduction cures. Part 1 of Clinical treatises on the pathology and therapy of disorders of metabolism and nutrition (New York: E. B. Treat & Co., 1903.)

Camper, an artist of skill, made his mark as an anthropologist and craniologist. He discovered the processus vaginalis of the peritoneum and the fibrous structure of the eye, and made several other important contributions to medical science. English translation, 1794.

A standard work on the development of homeopathy and the life of Hahnemann. Digital facsimile of the 1922 German edition from the Hathitrust at this link. The work was translated into English as Samuel Hahnemann, His life and Work, Based on recently discovered State Papers, Documents, Letters, &c. by Marie J. Wheeler and W.H.R Grundy, and edited by J. H. Clarke and F. J. Wheeler, London: Homoeopathic Publishing Company, 1922. Digital facsimile of the English translation from the Internet Archive at this link.

Recamier (1829) is credited with coining the term metastasis with respect to cancer. It is evident that Hoffmann and his pupil Sontag used the term nearly 100 years earlier in this general thesis on disease. They did not apply it specifically to cancer though they mentioned tumors twice in the dissertation, on pp. 12 and 14. The title of Sontag's thesis may be translated as Inaugural medical dissertation on metastasis or the altered seat of disease. How one disease often turns into another.

Digital facsimile from the Internet Archive at this link.

This combination of natural history, philosophy, and poetic writing informed the environmental movement. It is perhaps best known for the following quote, which defines Leopold's land ethic: "A thing is right when it tends to preserve the integrity, stability, and beauty of the biotic community. It is wrong when it tends otherwise." In his chapter entitled "Thinking Like a Mountain" Leopold set out the concept of a trophic cascade, pointing out that killing a predator wolf carries serious implications for the rest of the ecosystem.

Like de Bordeu, and more definitely, Legallois anticipated the conception of internal secretions. He surmised from the identity in composition of all varieties of arterial blood and the diversity of venous blood in different parts of the body, that this diversity is acquired, in each case from the loss of some substance from the organ from which the vein proceeds.

Investigation of the blood gases.

Digital facsimile from the Internet Archive at this link.

In 1912 the U.S. Public Health Service assigned Dr. Emil Krulish to supervise health care in the Territory of Alaska. Digital facsimile from Google Books at this link.

English translation by R. M. Green, Springfield, Ill., 1951.

Digital facsimile from Google Books at this link.

"Gorgas capitalized on the momentous work of ... Walter Reed, who had himself built much of his work on insights of a Cuban doctor, Carlos Finlay, to prove the mosquito transmission of yellow fever. He won international fame battling the illness—then the scourge of tropical and sub-tropical climates—first in Florida, later in Havana, Cuba and finally, in 1904, at the Panama Canal.^[6]

As chief sanitary officer on the canal project, Gorgas implemented far-reaching sanitary programs including the draining of ponds and swamps, fumigation, mosquito netting, and public water systems. These measures were instrumental in permitting the construction of the Panama Canal, as they significantly prevented illness due to yellow fever and malaria (which had also been shown to be transmitted by mosquitoes in 1898) among the thousands of workers involved in the building project ^{[7]" (Wikipedia article on William C. Gorgas, accessed 03-2017).} Digital facsimile from the Internet Archive at this link.

Razi's Kitab al-Hawi, a vast medical-pharmaceutical encyclopedia, was compiled from multiple sources. For each identified source this study provides Razi's Arabic text with an English translation. When possible, the original version of the quoted text is provided.

"All text material appears in full Arabic with English translation whilst the traceable Indian fragments are represented here, for the first time, in both the original Sanskrit and corresponding English translations. The philological core of the book is framed by a detailed introductory study on the transmission of Indian, Syrian and Iranian medicine and pharmacy to the Arabs, and by extensive bilingual glossaries of relevant Arabic and Sanskrit terms as well as Latin botanical identifications" (publisher).

Digital facsimile from BnF Gallica at this link. Translated into English by James Kirkpatrick as An essay on the disorders of people of fashion, and a treatise on the diseases incident to literary and sedentary persons. With proper rules for preventing their fatal consequences, and instructions for their cure. (London: J. Nourse, 1769). Digital facsimile of the English translation from Google Books at this link.

First report on bypass of a human coronary artery. See No. 3047.25. Two years later Favoloro published a monograph on the topic: Surgical treatment of coronary arteriosclerosis (Baltimore, 1970). Digital facsimile from annalsthoracicsurgery.org at this link.

Burkitt’s lymphoma (African lymphoma), first described in detail by Sir Albert Cook, a medical missionary, but not published by him.

First comprehensive work on bone sarcoma.

Braid’s scientific investigations of mesmerism convinced him that its effects did not depend on an outside force, but were natural phenomena arising from the subject’s heightened suggestibility. This 10-page pamphlet contains his first statement of these discoveries and contains the first use of the term “neuro-hypnotism”, which Braid coined to replace the unscientific “mesmerism” and “animal magnetism”.

“Baldy–Webster operation”. Webster’s method of treating retrodisplacement of the uterus was later modified by J. M. Baldy, Amer. J. Obstet. Dis. Wom., 1902, 45, 650-54, and N.Y. med. J., 1903, 78, 167-69.

Includes the first statement of Ehrlich’s “side-chain” theory.

Digital facsimile of the second edition (1861) from Google Books at this link.

Following their successful attempts to establish individual susceptibility to scarlet fever, these workers prepared an antitoxin for immunization.

Digital facsimile of the 1891 edition from the Internet Archive at this link.

Translated in to German as: Der Unrat in Sitte, Brauch, Glauben und Gewohnheitrecht der Völker, von John Gregory Bourke. Verdeutscht und neubearbeitet von Friedrich S. Krauss und H. Ihm. Mit einem Geleitwort von Prof. Dr. Sigmund Freud. (Leipzig: Ethnologischer Verlag, 1913).

Lucae was the first to study the transmission of sounds through the cranial bones for the purpose of diagnosing diseases of the ear.

Includes (pp. 25-28) his classic description of chorea minor (“Sydenham’s chorea”). Reprinted in Med. Classics, 1939, 4, 327-53. In the Sydenham Society translation (see No. 64) the passage occurs in vol. 2, pp. 198-99.

Döderlein's study of the vaginal secretion in relation to puerperal fever includes the first description of “Döderlein’s bacillus” (Lactobacillus). Döderlein introduced the concept of normal body bacteria or "normal body flora" --what would much later be named the microbiome. Digital facsimile from the Internet Archive at this link.

Pioneering study of the biomechanics of the hip joint.

The first specialized orthodontic work in German, on anomalous positions of the teeth. A French translation was issued simultaneously by the same publisher.

First description of pelvis spinosa.

Includes 384 core references and bibliography (without abstracts) covering 1963-72.

Insulin shock therapy of schizophrenia. Sakel wrote several subsequent papers on this subject in the same journal. English version in Amer. J. Psychiat., 1937, 93, 829-41.

An improved version of Rösslin’s Swangern frawen. This contains the first true anatomical pictures in an obstetrics book. Rueff described smooth-edged forceps for delivery of a live baby, preceding Chamberlen, and a toothed forceps for extraction of the dead fetus. He developed a method of cephalic version combining internal and external manipulation. A Latin translation of his book, De conceptu et generatione hominis, was published by Froschauer in the same year. English translation, London, 1637.

The illustrations show contemporary ideas about mammalian embryology.

An experimental study, by means of a balloon, of swallowing and of oesophageal contractions.

Donders was the first to measure the reaction-time of a psychical process.

Digital facsimile from the Internet Archive at this link.

First edition of the original Greek text, a medieval Latin translation based on Auxerre 240, a German translation, and a detailed commentary by Pithis of the De pulsibus by the obscure Byzantine physician Philaretos, from whose work physicians of the later Western Middle Ages and the Renaissance derived their theory of the pulses. This text, in the Galenic tradition "largely mediated through the pseudo-Galenic tract "On pulses, for Antonius" was included in the Articella from the 11th century onward. Philaretos lived sometime between the early 9th and late 11th century.

Küchler introduced test readings of print at a distance, for examination of patients.

Jaeger first introduced his test types in 1854; Emil Fuchs improved them in 1895.

First description of the obliquely contracted pelvis, or “Naegele pelvis”. Because of its rarity and the difficulty of recognizing it clinically in living subjects, the obliquely contracted pelvis, with its most often fatal consequences at delivery, was unknown until Naegele’s study of 37 cases. He suggested diagnostic aids for its recognition. English translation, Manchester, 1848. Finely printed centennial English translation by Pynson Printers, 1939.

Litzmann (see also No. 6263) described in this work the coxalgic, scoliotic and kyphoscoliotic forms of pelvis.

The Aschheim-Zondek test for the diagnosis of pregnancy.

Introduction of suspension laryngoscopy. English translation in 1914.

The most popular textbook on the subject for many years. Erichsen was surgeon to University College Hospital, London, and Lister served as his house surgeon.

East Coast fever (theileriosis) is an animal disease in Africa caused by the protozoan parasite Theileria parva.

Includes an exposition of the system of faith healing that holds a significant place in Christian Science.

Forewards by Leslie A. Geddes and Paul U. Unschuld. Introduction by Jeremy M. Norman. Unusually well designed and produced.

Definitive account of the development of academic medicine and clinical research in America during the period covered.

A deluxe, large format, commemorative volume edited by journalist François Albert. It was published by subscription, limited to 5000 copies, and issued in fascicules from 1917-1922. Includes contributions by 50 eminent French specialists.

An overview of Jesuit scientific production in Paraguay during the 17th and 18th centuries, including natural history, medicine, cartography, astronomy, and practical science.

Reprints landmark papers with commentary by Perutz.

D. D. Palmer founded chiropractic; his son B. J. developed the practice. Digital facsimile from Google Books at this link.

Translated into English by Robert Ellrich as The life sciences in eighteenth-century French thought, edited by Keith R. Benson, Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1998.

"This collection establishes that efforts to produce scientific explanations for same-sex desires and sexual behaviours are not a modern invention, but have long been characteristic of European thought. The sciences of antiquity had posited various types of same-sexual affinities rooted in singular natures. These concepts were renewed, elaborated, and reassessed from the late medieval scientific revival to the early Enlightenment. The deviance of such persons seemed outwardly inscribed upon their bodies, documented in treatises and case studies. It was attributed to diverse inborn causes such as distinctive anatomies or physiologies, and embryological, astrological, or temperamental factors" (publisher).

First published in WHO Chronicle, 1974. 28, 159-71, 229-47, 369-84, 414-26, 455-70, 475-508. Available from apps.who.int at this link.

Presents virtually all of Huxley's scientific papers arranged in chronological order, as well as reports of his Royal Institution Friday Evening Discourses. The final supplemental volume contains the remainder of Huxley’s survey memoir on fossil fishes, along with three papers not collected elsewhere.

Includes references to the libraries of many physicians.   Digital text available from historyofscience.com at this link.

Divided into six parts, as follows:

Book I: Delle alterazioni di prima formazione (on teratology)

Book II: Delle ipertrofie

Book III: Delle atrofie

Book IV: Dell’infiammazione e della mortificazione

Book V: Dei tumori da tessuto morboso

Book VI: Dell degenerazione

The work appeared in fascicules between 1873 and 1892, with Book VI issued first and the remaining books following in numerical order. The illustrations were printed by lithography and chromolithography.

First description of platyspondylia.

In 1959 Hadlow, a veterinarian, visited a medical exposition in England where Carlton Gajdusek posted pathological slides of autopsied Kuru brains and a clinical description of the illness. He realized that Gajdusek's slides and clinical descriptions were almost identical to an illness that he had been studying in sheep (Scrapie). It was well known that Scrapie was a transmissible, infectious illness. In his paper Hadlow postulated several landmark ideas:

1) Kuru was similar to Scrapie.

2) Kuru was transmissible.

3) Hadlow also suggested that to demonstrate transmissibilty one should inject brain tissue from Kuru victims into chimp brains since they are so closely related to humans.

4) He also noted that many months or years might be required before disease would be recognizable in non-human primates.

All of Hadlow's assertions were later confirmed.

(Thanks to Juan Weiss for this reference and its interpretation.)

Kelly tipped the catheter with wax, so that it registered clearly any pressure from sharp stones. This became an important means of diagnosing calculi.

Van der Linden’s book was at the time of its appearance the most complete medical bibliography yet produced. He issued corrected editions in 1651 and 1662, and G.A. Mercklin published a considerably expanded version as Lindenius renovatus in 1686.

A collection of all the important earlier writings on sweating sickness.

Kircher, a Jesuit scholar and polymath, not specifically trained in medicine, was probably the first to employ the microscope in investigating the cause of disease. He mentioned that the blood of plague patients was filled with a “countless brood of worms not perceptible to the naked eye, but to be seen in all putrefying matter through the microscope” (Garrison). He could not have seen the plague bacillus with his low-power microscope, but he probably saw the larger micro-organisms. He was the first to state explicitly the theory of contagion by animalculae as the cause of infectious diseases.

Includes on pp. 185-188, and 211-13, Monica H. Green, "Reconstructing the oeuvre of Trota of Salerno." Also, on pp. 15-60, Monica H. Green, “Rethinking the manuscript basis of Salvatore De Renzi’s Collectio Salernitana: The corpus of medical Writings in the ‘long’ twelfth century,"

First case of infantile scurvy cured by the administration of ascorbic acid.

Includes a history and bibliography.

"The present edition of The Seaman's Medical Friend is a new book rather than a mere revision of an old one; since the whole of that portion which relates to the Preservation of health, and the symptoms and treatment of diseases and injuries, has been entirely rewritten. The part on medicines, their doses, &c., has been printed but with a few alterations from the former edition. In the description of the nature and cure of Diseases and Accidents, I have avoided, as far as possible, the use of technical terms, and I believe, therefore, that the whole will be found intelligible to all its readers.

"It will be obvious that a complete treatise on all diseases is not demanded here, but simply an account of those likely to arise among sailors; with directions for such treatment as the remedies and assistance at hand render possible—and it is hoped that in this respect the present work will be found to justify its name of The Seaman's Medical Friend" (Preface). Digital facsimile of the 1857 second edition from Google Books at this link.

When I created this entry in February 2017 no record of the first edition was available in OCLC.

Digital facsimile from the Hathi Trust at this link.

Order of authorship in the original publication: Anzalone, Randolph, Davis....Liu.

Liu and colleagues modified the CRISPR tool to create the "prime editing" or precise genome editing technique. Working with human and mouse cells, the authors used a heavily modified Cas9 protein and the guide RNA. The new guide called "pegRNA" contains an RNA template with a reverse transcriptase which makes DNA for a new "desired/normal" DNA sequence from and on the blueprint carried in the pegRNA that is added to the genome at the abnormal / target location. With this new tool they performed 175 different edits, and as proof of principle, they created and then corrected the mutations that cause sicle cell anemia and Tay Sachs.

(Thanks to Juan Weiss for this reference and its interpretation.)

Acne bacillus first cultivated.

Unna’s seborrhoeic eczema.

Purkynĕ was Professor of Physiology at Breslau and Prague. Eminent as physiologist and microscopist, he was first to use the microtome. See Kruta, V. J.E. Purkynĕ, Physiologist. A short account of his contributions…with a bibliography of his works. (Prague, Academia Publishing House, 1969).

Wreden, otologist to the Czar, was the first to call special attention to otomycosis.

Vol. 2 co-edited with Jacques Bernier. This work is complemented by C.G. Roland and P. Potter, An annotated bibliography of Canadian medical periodicals, 1826-1975, Toronto, Hannah Institute, 1979.

Translated into English by B. H. Black and published in 1819 as Directions for the treatment of persons who have taken poison, and those in a state of apparent death: Together with the means of detecting poisons and adulterations in wine, also the means of distinguishing real from apparent death: With an appendix, on suspended animation and the means of prevention. Digital facsimile of the 1818 French edition from the Internet Archive at this link. Digital facsimile of the First American (English) edition (1819) from the U.S. National Library of Medicine at this link.

Houssay and Fasciolo transplanted an ischemic kidney into an animal from which both kidneys had been removed. Hypertension resulted after establishment of circulation, supporting the view that hypertension is due to a chemical substance with pressor action produced in the ischemic kidney. They later showed that the ischemic kidneys of hypertensive dogs contained an excess of renin. See also Biol. Acad. nac. Med. B. Aires, 1937, 34, 342; J. Physiol. (Lond.), 1938, 94, 281.

"Massive mortality among enslaved Africans and European planters, soldiers, and sailors fueled the search for new healing techniques. Amerindian, African, and European knowledges competed to cure diseases emerging from the collision of peoples on newly established, often poorly supplied, plantations. But not all knowledge was equal. Highlighting the violence and fear endemic to colonial struggles, Schiebinger explores aspects of African medicine that were not put to the test, such as Obeah and vodou. This book analyzes how and why specific knowledges were blocked, discredited, or held secret" (publisher).

"Based on an ethnographic study of the traditional medicine of African Americans in the rural southern United States, this work concentrates on the original Louisiana Territory, with its Native and African American indigenous traditions, and the French migration and Black Haitian freed and enslaved population influx during the 1700s and 1800s. Fontenot finds strong ties between rural Louisiana practices and Haitian and West African medicine. The ethnographer, a native of the region where she did her research, is respected among local practicing secret doctors and is able to give a unique insider's view." (publisher)

Reprinted with No. 6311.5, San Francisco, Norman Publishing, 1989.

"....The major orientation is to opium, with two chapters on its alkaloid, morphine, occasional references to cocaine, and a mention of heroin. There is an enlightening discussion of reasons for the initial acceptance and then rejection of such drugs by Victorian Britain. Opium was a cheap and readily available antidote for the harsh life of the time and more effective than the traditional massive dosing by physicians. Its addictive nature gradually became apparent, and nonaddictive pain relievers such as aspirin became available"(publisher).

Cushny’s theory of urinary secretion was similar to that of Ludwig, with some modifications. Subsequent work of Richards and his co-workers confirmed his theory.

Demonstration that the anti-diuretic action of vasopressin is exerted directly on the kidney, and that tubules of the kidney reabsorb water.

Arias de Benevides travelled to the New World where he observed native remedies and reported them in this book. In the book he also described his performance in Mexico City (1561) of the first neurosurgical intervention on the North American continent, in which he operated on a 13-year-old boy who had sustained head trauma that caused an open depressed cranial facture and exposed the cerebrum.

The first Western book on Chinese medicine, with a few brief comments on Japanese methods. This anonymous collection of translations of early Chinese texts on pulse medicine has been variously attributed to different Jesuits working in China at the time. Digital facsimile from Google Books at this link.

Intracranial section for glossopharyngeal neuralgia. For a more detailed account see his paper in Arch. Surg. (Chicago), 1929, 18, 687-734.

On the technique of dissection. English translation, London, 1876.

Morgagni was the founder of modern pathological anatomy. The work was completed in Morgagni’s 79th year and consists of a series of 70 letters reporting about 700 cases and necropsies. As best he could, he correlated the clinical record with the post–mortem finding. Morgagni gave the first descriptions of several pathological conditions. He was Professor of Anatomy at Padua. Selections from the above work are reproduced in Med. Classics, 1940, 4, 640-839. English translation by B. Alexander, 3 vols., London, 1769, (facsimile reprint, New York, Hafner, 1960; Mount Kisco, N.Y., Futura, 1980).

Classic descriptions of mitral stenosis (Letter III) and heart block, Stokes–Adams syndrome (vol. 1, p. 70) are reprinted in English translation in Willius & Keys, Cardiac classics, 1941, pp. 177-82. In Volume one, p. 282 Morgagni also reported an authentic case of angina pectoris is recorded by Morgagni; he observed it in 1707.

A semi-popular and extensively illustrated summary of research on artificial intelligence in medicine at Stanford Medical School as directed by Edward A. Feigenbaum, Stanley N. Cohen, Carl Djerassi, and Elliott C. Levinthal. 

"Through a detailed analysis of exterior and interior images of the female body, this book examines the relationship between human reproduction and cultural representation from 1750-1910. With examples drawn from medical archives, covering engraving, photography, radiography, and microscopy, the book is interdisciplinary in approach, ranging across feminist theory, history of medicine, philosophy of science, and the history of photography" (publisher).

During and after Japan’s war with Russia (1904-1905 ) Inouye tested the visual fields in wounded soldiers for insurance purposes, and set out his observations in this work. English translation: Glickstein, M. & Fahle, M .: T. as "Visual disturbances following gunshot wounds of the cortical visual area," Brain 123 (2000) Special Supplement, 1-101. 

Belgrand designed the Paris sewers.

Digital facsimile from the Internet Archive at this link.

These writers showed the sympathetic nervous system to consist largely of small, medullated fibers originating from the sympathetic and spinal ganglia.

“Hering-Breuer reflex”; see also the previous entry. English translation of both papers in R. Porter (ed.), Hering–Breuer Centenary Symposium, London, Churchill, 1970. Digital facsimile of the 1868 edition from the Bayerische StaatsBibliothek at this link.

Bolton, a chemist, was the earliest American bibliographer of chemistry. His first edition, which atempted to list "the principal books on chemistry published in Europe and America from the rise of the literature to the close of the year 1892," included 12,031 titles. A second edition, covering the literature to 1904, and completed posthumously, listed over 14,000 titles.

Digital facsimile of the 1893 edition from Google Books at this link.

Auvert was professor in Moscow. This folio atlas includes 120 folio plates of pathology subjects, drawn by Schtschegoleff in Moscow. The text is in Latin throughout. The drawings were engraved in Paris by Oudet, printed in color and retouched by hand, with explanatory text in Latin for each plate. The work was edited for production and publication in Paris by August AmbroiseTardieu, the leading forensic medicine specialist, who was also an artist like his father, the cartographer and engraver Ambroise Tardieu 1788-1841). The work was published in 24 parts beginning in 1848, according to the dates on the title pages of the fascicules. The complete work was issued in 1851. Digital facsimile from the Internet Archive at this link.

Reprints 24 articles by Billings in addition to a biographical sketch and his complete bibliography.

"The selected papers ...  range from the sixteenth century to the modern era. A number of the papers are classics in the field and several of the selections appear in English translation for the first time. The editor provides a preface to each selection and his general introduction defines the subject matter, surveys historical developments in the field, and summarizes recent research" (publisher).

This work makes it possible to read many of the classical writings on the subject which previously, through language difficulties, were beyond the reach of many. The book forms a valuable companion to Long’s history of the subject. 2nd ed., 1961.

These readings extend from Aristotle to contemporary writers; they give access to many classical works that might otherwise be unobtainable to students of the history of physiology. Foreign material is translated into English. First edition, 1930.

Saunders founded St. Christopher's Hospice in 1967 as the first research and teaching hospice linked with clinical care.

Selective percutaneous transfemoral arteriography.

The American physician George P. Cammann invented the binaural flexible stethoscope. By 1852 Cammann "had developed a stethoscope with flexible tubing (spirals of wire covered with silk, later rubber, or as he called it caoutchouc), ivory ear-pieces, and spring cross piece to hold the ear-pieces in place. The formal announcement of the stethoscope appeared in 1855" (McKusick, Cardiovascular sound in health and disease [1958] 13).

Grouped by category of experiment, and then by the name of the self-experimenter, this is a guide to their biographies and the articles that reported their results. 

First definitive description of osteopoikilosis.

Double introduced and applied auscultation (pp. 31 and 186).

Foundational work in design and cartography concerning the graphic display of quantitative information. Includes display of medical or statistical information. Translated into English by William J. Berg as Semiology of graphics. Diagrams. Networks. Maps. (Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 1983).

Includes "The virtual surgeon: Operating on the data in an age of medialization" by Timothy Lenoir.

First extensive account of malaria.

An annotated edition and translation, including the texts of Semmelweis’s works on puerperal fever as a septicemia (No. 6275) and on the etiology of puerperal sepsis (No. 6277) as well as other gynecological papers and articles on Semmelweis by Hebra and Skoda, among others. Digital facsimile from the Internet Archive at this link.

Anguillara was one of the best of many commentators on Dioscorides. Digital facsimile from Google Books at this link.

In his letter of 2 March 1717 (letter XXXII) addressed to Abraham van Bleyswyk and first published in this edition, Leewenhoek provided the first morphologic description of nerve fibers accompanied by illustrations. “One of the most interesting features relating to the letter of 2 March 1717 is the accompanying illustration (fig.2, fig 2) for it is probably the first attempt to represent the cross section of a peripheral nerve. Individual nerve fibers can be seen, and the central stroke contained in each is meant to indicate the collapsed central tube, which he assumed was present; or, as we should put it today, the axis cylinder surrounded by the myelin sheath. It seems likely therefore that Leeuwenhoek observed the myelinated nerve fiber although his interpretation was incorrect; and having discovered no cavities in the nerve itself, he found in the individual fibers the hollowness that the then current theory of nerve function demanded. The thin section of the nerves which he cut was probably the first ever” (Clarke and  O’Malley, The human brain and spinal cord. 2nd. Ed. [1996] 30-35, citing the Latin edition). The following year this edition was translated into Latin in 1719 and issued by the same publisher as Epistolae physiologicae super compluribus naturae arcanis; ubi variorum animalium atque plantarum fabrica, conformatio, proprietates atque operationes, novis & hactenus inobservatis experimentis illustrantur & oculis exhibentur; item peculiaries & hactenus incognitae rerum quarumdam qualitates explicatur: ut sequens pagina docet: hactenus numquam editae (Delft: Adriaan Beman, 1719.) Digital facsimile of the 1718 Dutch edition from the Biodiversity Heritage Library at this link. Digital facsimile of the 1719 Latin edition from the Hathi Trust at this link.

Discussing the consumption and reception of coffee from Britain to Turkey, Knoll dismissed criticisms of coffee, including that it reduced beauty and virility, or that it was contrary to Islam, instead promoting the merits of the drink. He recommended the medicinal use of coffee for treatment of migraines, deafness, and scurvy, its benefits being derived supposedly from being both acidic and alkaline. Digital facsimile from Google Books at this link. Knoll's pamphlet was also published in French by the same publisher in the same year as Lettre à un ami sur les operations du caffé.

Bloodgood’s theory of the causation of chronic mastitis.

“Dogiel’s end-bulbs” – sensory nerve-endings.

Directional scintillation detector probe. Cassen assembled the first automated scanning system, comprised of a motor driven scintillation detector coupled to a relay printer. The scanner was initially used to image thyroid glands after the administration of radioiodine.  Later, with the development of organ-specific radiopharmaceuticals, the scanner was widely used during the late 50s until the early 70s to image body organs. With L. Curtis and C. W. Reed.

Freund’s adjuvant. Freund’s procedure allowed adjuvants to be used for any antigen.

Introduction of “antabuse” in the treatment of alcoholism. With E. Jacobsen and V. Larsen. See also Lancet, 1948, 2, 1004.

First systematic account of the functions of the thalamus and its relationship to the cerebral cortex. Reprinted in No. 1304.

An account of twenty years’ work on the electrical responses of the retina, a discussion of visual purple and visual violet, and an exposition of Granit’s hypothesis of colour vision. His researches have done much to elucidate the mechanism of visual processes. In 1967 he shared the Nobel Prize with Hartline (No. 1532) and G. Wald.

Porter shared the Nobel Prize with G.M. Edelman (No. 2578.39) in 1972 for his work on the separation of antibody molecules.

Santorini died before the completion of these anatomical plates which he intended to be his chef d’oeuvre. This elegantly printed volume is the only significant medical book printed by the celebrated Giambattista Bodoni for the Duke of Parma.

Description of the streptococcus of puerperal sepsis.

First reported case of complete agranulocytosis.

This is the first collection of systematized pathological anatomy. It contains clinical and pathological descriptions of nearly 3,000 cases selected from the literature from the time of Hippocrates, but mainly from the 16th and 17th centuries. It is the most useful reference book for early descriptions of pathological conditions.

Initial draft sequence of the human genome by Venter and the staff at Celera Genomics. The full text is available from Science at this link.

The Hayflick limit. Hayflick demonstrated that a population of normal human fetal cells in a cell culture will divide between 40 and 60 times. The population then enters a senescence phase. 

Isolation of the varicella-herpes virus.

An index to periodical citations in the 1970 printed edition of this bibliography. It is, however, still useful for references to 19th century, early 20th century, and earlier citations.

The first systematic atlas of pathology. This work was intended to illustrate No. 2281, but, with its extensive descriptive text for each plate, it may be appreciated separately. The black & white engravings were prepared by John Hunter’s artist and amanuensis, William Clift (1775-1849), and depict numerous specimens from Hunter’s collection. A color facsimile edition of Clift’s personal copy reproducing his original watercolors, including some loaned by the Royal College of Physicians, was published in Melbourne, Univ. of Melbourne Press, 1985.

Also known as De rerum naturis. This dictionary or encyclopedia is the earliest known printed book to include a section dealing with medicine, and this brief section, Book 18, Chap. V concerning medicine and diseases, and other sections in the work on animals, plants, and minerals may be the first, or among the very first, printed texts on scientific subjects. Maurus's compilation may be considered either a dictionary or encyclopedia; it was the first of all printed encyclopedias. The book was printed by Rusch, the “R” printer. Authorities have dated the book before July 20, 1467 because  the first roman type used was thought to be the earliest Roman type ever cast. For an interesting paper on the book, including a translation of the chapter dealing with medicine, see E. C. Jessup, Ann. med. Hist., 1934, n.s., 6, 35-41. More recently it has been suggested that the book might have been printed between 1473 and 1475. ISTC No. ir00001000. For more details see the entry at HistoryofInformation.com at this link. Translated into English by Patricia Throop as Hrabanus Maurus, De universo: The Peculiar properties of words and their mystical significance, 2 vols. (Charlotte VT, 2009).

The “Wassermann reaction”, a specific diagnostic blood test for syphilis, and a modification of the complement-fixation reaction of Bordet and Gengou. With A. Neisser and C. Bruck.

Order of authorship in the original paper: Kanki, McLane... Essex. This paper was followed in the issue of Science by: Daniel, M., Letvi, N. L., King, N.W., "Isolation of T-cell tropic HTLV-3 - like retrovirus from macaques", Science, 228 (1985) 1201-1204. 

Discovery of Simian immunodeficiency virus (SIVs), a species of retrovirus that cause peristent infections in "at least 45 species of African non-human primates."

"Virus strains from two of these primate species, SIVsmm in sooty mangabeys and SIVcpz in chimpanzees, are believed to have crossed the species barrier into humans, resulting in HIV-2 and HIV-1 respectively, the two human immunodeficiency viruses. The most likely route of transmission of HIV-1 to humans involves contact with the blood of chimps that are often hunted for bushmeat in Africa.^[3] It is theorized SIV may have previously crossed the species barrier into human hosts multiple times throughout history, but it was not until recently, after the advent of modern transportation and global commuterism, that it finally took hold, spreading beyond localized decimations of a few individuals or single small tribal populations" (Wikipedia).

(Thanks to Juan Weiss for this reference and its interpretation.)

Griffith’s classification of streptococci. Digital facsimile from PubMedCentral at this link.

Lancefield determined the principal pathogenic strains of hemolytic streptococci and subdivided them into types. All important strains pathogenic to humans fall into Lancefield’s Group A.

First report of the discovery of what became known as HIV-2 by the U.S. research group led by Kanki. This group published before the French group, but the French group had reported their data one day prior to the U.S. team. Order of authorship in the original publication was Barin, M'Boup, F. Denis, Kanki....

(Thanks to Juan Weiss for this reference and its interpretation.)

Relationship of primary atypical pneumonia and Q fever.

Schultz–Charlton reaction.

Sertraline hydrochloride, an antidepressant of the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) class, developed by the authors of this paper at Pfizer, and marketed under the tradename Zoloft. With R. G. Browne.

Gofman, a nuclear and physical chemist as well as a physician, has been called the "father of clinical lipidology." He discovered and described the major classes of plasma lipoproteins: intermediate-density lipoproteins (IDL), low-density (LDL) and high-density lipoproteins (HDL), as well as VLD (very low density lipoprotein). He characterized LDL as carrier of "bad cholesterol" leading to atherosclerosis; however he did not find that higher levels of HDL have predictive value as "good cholesterol".  He drew attention to VLDL as risk factor, noting that diabetics are frequently marked by higher VLDL levels, and also noted the rise in atherogenic lipoproteins at much earlier age in men than women. This is a long review of research conducted by Gofman and his team from 1949 to 1955; it footnotes 31 previously published papers by Gofman and associates. With O. DeLalla, F. Glazier, M.K. Freeman, A.V. Nicholas, B. Strisower, and A. R. Tamplin. This paper was reprinted with an historical introduction by Richard J. Havel, in Journal of Clinical Lipidology I (2007) 104-141.

Introduction of monovalent antiserum.

Foshay devised a serum for the treatment of tularemia.

Srum sickness and its significance. English translation, Baltimore, Williams & Wilkins, 1951.

English translation in T. Bordet et al., Studies in immunity, New York, 1909, p. 186.

The celebrated atlas for No. 6154, which is a complete work in itself. The 39 superb engravings include 26 after drawings by Jan van Rymsdyk, which are preserved in the Hunterian Collection at the University of Glasgow Library. The remainder were by Smellie, “assisted by a pupil called [Pieter] Camper”. Camper’s drawings are preserved in the Royal College of Physicians, Edinburgh, and in Leiden University. Camper’s illustrated MS of his studies with Smellie and of his third visit to England in 1785 is preserved in Amsterdam University. It was translated into English with notes, and published as Opuscula selecta Neerlandicorum de arte medica, 1939, 15. See J.L. Thornton, Jan van Rymsdyk: Medical artist of the eighteenth century (Cambridge: Oleander Press, 1982.) For the first American edition of the plates (in greatly reduced format) see No. 6154.

Book VI is entirely devoted to operative surgery. Adams himself says that it “contains the most complete system of operative surgery which has come down to us from ancient times”. Book IV contains much information on surgical diseases. The work also includes the first clear description of lead poisoning. Digital facsimile from the Internet Archive at this link.

A pioneer statistician, Petty took the first census of Ireland. He was Professor of Anatomy at Oxford and later Graham Professor of Music. SeeNo. 1686.

Cystinuria described.

Wiseman ranks in surgery as high as does Sydenham in medicine. He made many valuable contributions to the subject; he was the first to describe tuberculosis of the joints (“tumor albus”) and he gave a good account of gunshot wounds. Wiseman became surgeon to Charles II in 1672. Books V, VI, and VII reprinted, Bath, Kingsmead, 1977.

Reports on the first two patients affected by a "new" coronavirus. The first patient, hospitalized in June 2012, died, and the other was in both pulmonary and renal failure. In this paper the CDC referenced a website posting by the WHO, offering "interim case definitions" and criteria for "probable case" and "confirmed case." This paper is available from the CDC at this link.

(Thanks to Juan Weiss for this reference and its interpretation.)

Second edition, 1939, with C. H. Danforth and E. A. Doisy.

A eugenic utopian fantasy, in which we accompany a doctor in his dream journey to the liberated land of Amor. Pritcher presents an impassioned argument for free universal health care, contraception, no-fault divorce, social clubs, collective childcare facilities, and comprehensive applied sex education. This healthy, community-regulated sexual pedagogy is the author’s cure for any number of societal ills, including venereal disease, mental health issues, child abandonment, impotence, marital violence, gender inequality, infidelity and sundry perversions. Sargent's Utopian Literature in English cites this as A love starved world, and it is possible that the book was published under both titles by the same publisher in 1939.

Morgan (Nobel Prize 1933) demonstrated sex-limited inheritance.

First experimental demonstration of the sexuality of plants. Camerer showed that in flowering plants the anthers are male organs, and that the ovary with style and stigma are female, and that pollen is required for the production of viable seeds. Until his work, the continuity of reproductive processes in plants and animals had been a matter of speculation; after it, the scientific study of fertilization and hybridization became possible. Second edition in Valentini's Polychresta exotica (1700). Digital facsimile of the 1700 edition from the Biodiversity Heritage Library at this link.

Extensively revised by the author, with additional notes by the translator (unidentified), from Das Weib im altindischen Epos. Ein Beitrag zur indischen und zur vergleichenden Kulturgeschichte. Von Johann Jacob Meyer. (Leipzig, W. Heims, 1915.) Digital facsimile of the 1953 reprint of the English translation from the Internet Archive at this link. Digital facsimile of the original German edition from the Hathi Trust at this link.

"Between 1932 and 1961 Serrano Vicéns systematically studied the sexuality of 1417 women who went through his surgery. With that data, he wrote a book entitled "Female sexuality. A statistical investigation " that remained unpublished for years due to the difficulties of publishing a book on that subject in Spain governed by General Franco. With the approval of the author, the book circulated  privately in different universities inside and outside the country.  Serrano Vicéns's data was highly praised by a better-known researcher of contemporary human sexual behavior: Alfred C. Kinsey" (Wikipedia article on Ramon Serrano Vicéns, accessed 6-2019).

Translated into English by A. Adamson as Sexuality and medicine in the Middle Ages, Cambridge: Polity Press, 1988.

An encyclopedia of the sexual sciences. English translation by M. Eden Paul from the sixth German edition as The sexual life of our time in its relations to modern civilization (1909). Digital facsimile of the 1907 German edition from the Internet Archive at this link. Digital facsimile of the 1909 English translation from the Internet Archive at this link.

Forel’s best work; translated into 16 languages; 16th edition in 1931.

"...The study is organized for the most part around disease categories and the life cycle, so that the cultural framework of people's habits and values often seems secondary. Most of what we learn about illness and death in between 1840 and 1880 (the core decades of the study) will not surprise anyone familiar with these matters during this well-studied historical time. Infectious illness was rife, life expectancy at birth was low, medicine was various and largely ineffective, government was weak, and religion and community were the contexts in which families faced death and loss. Swedlund's research is deep and spans many different kinds of texts, from census reports to material objects. His chapters on childhood diseases and on tuberculosis make particularly good use of the range of sources, and add the heft of local detail to the broader perspectives of epidemiology and medical practice. Other chapters are less well formed, especially one in which discussions of pregnancy, men's industrializing labor, and the Civil War yield too many strands to be tied into a clear argument.

The people of Deerfield, like those of many New England towns, managed over time to preserve not only public records but also powerful personal texts—diaries and letters—that evoke the reality of losing a child to death or struggling to relieve the suffering of a spouse. Swedlund has come up with several fine diarists, and he includes generous swatches of text that make it possible to enter into the descriptive and imaginative worlds of his subjects. Presented with respect and care, the words of these women and men more often illustrate than drive the analysis. An exception to this is the final chapter, where Swedlund looks closely at certain practices surrounding death—cemetery art, memorial rituals, and the poignant desire of families to prepare bodies for burial and keep personal mementos close. Individuals we have met earlier in the book reappear and seem more fully at home in their beliefs than at any other point in the study. Children are throughout the book, and in this final chapter, on the last page, Swedlund observes of his work, "The one persistent theme I discovered was the genuine, heartfelt grief of a parent at the loss of a child" (p. 190). It suggests a theme that might have been used in a critical way to pull together into a cultural whole all that the book has to say about Deerfield and death" (https://muse.jhu.edu/article/447551)

Shamanism may have originated among the Turkic peoples of Siberia. English translations of studies by Russian scholars with an introduction and a thorough bibliography.

Elizabeth Blackwell was the first woman to graduate M.D. in the United States. This paper on typhus was her first publication, and is thus the first publication in America by a woman physician educated in the United States. Digital facsimile from the Hathi Turst at this link.

A multi-disciplinary account from the perspectives of the history of the slave trade, the anti-slavery movement and medical history, of the voyage of the Hankey, a small British ship that circled the Atlantic in 1792-93, causing a pandemic of yellow fever. The voyage was originated by a group of high-minded British colonists who planned to establish a colony free of slavery in West Africa. When the colony failed the ship set sail from Africa for the Caribbean and the North America, carrying, as was later understood, mosquitoes from Africa infected with yellow fever virus. The Hankey traveled from one port to the next, spreading yellow fever, leading to the death of tens of thousands of people in Philadelphia, New York, Boston, and Charleston.

Probably one of the first books on the medical aspects of this particular subject. "In this lecture it will be our purpose, first to describe the various ordeals which befall men after their ship has been lost, the clinical effect of these privations, and the physiological problems entailed; and secondly to consider the possible measures for the alleviation of the vicissitudes in question" (p. 2). Critchley discusses "the hazards and their attendant effects under the following heads: (1) excessive cold and wet, with their general and local effects; (2) thirst due to inadequate water supply; (3) inanition and hunger, from inadequate food; (4) tropical conditions; and (5) the psychological effects of cumulated mental and physical distress" (p.4).

This work, in three juan with a supplement and in three volumes, was written by Wang Ji (1463–1539), physician and member of a Ming dynasty medical family, and originally published in manuscript in 1520. The manuscript was edited  by his disciple, Chen Jiao, and printed by Chen Jiao in the tenth year of the Jiajing reign (1531). "The preface was written by Cheng Zeng and is also dated 1531. Included are two portraits of the author, inscriptions by Li Fan, Cheng Wenjie, and Chen Jiao, and the author’s recommendation. Wang Ji (style name Shi shan ju shi), a native of Qimen, Huizhou, Anhui Province, studied Confucian teachings in his early years and, after unsuccessful civil examinations, devoted himself to medicine. He was the author of 13 works, among them this collection of his cases. Wang Ji basically followed the teachings of the famed Yuan dynasty physician Zhu Zhenheng (circa 1281–1358), as is known from one of his other books, Tui qiu shi yi (Ascertain the master’s meanings). Ancient Chinese medical cases record the process and result of treatments. Such medical records could be found as early as in the Western Han (206 BC–8 AD), the earliest being a collection of 25 cases of Chun Yuyi (205–150 BC). Such records could be brief or lengthy. Each record contained the name, sex, age, social status, shape of the body, cause of the disease, symptoms, diagnoses, prescription, prognosis, and so forth. These records also reflect the physician–patient relationships. Early medical cases were issued mostly as appendices to other works. From the mid- and late-Ming dynasty, physicians began to publish them as individual works, thus creating a new form of medical writing to be examined, referenced, and used for education....This work records not only clinical experience; it also provides information on various diseases, especially those suffered by the male population, such as syphilis, which was seen as a health crisis in the region south of the Yangtze River, where flourishing trade and commerce helped to spread the disease" (http://www.wdl.org/en/item/7114/, accessed 8-9-2015). Digital facsimile of the 1531 edition from the World Digital Library at this link.

Digital edition available from princeton.edu at this link: http://www.princeton.edu/~pswpc/pdfs/gleason/010702.pdf

The first comprehensive history of this subject.

An English summary of No. 2028.51, and the first detailed report on the society’s work published in England. Johnson proposed the formation of a similar society in England. The Royal Humane Society was formed by T. Cogan and W. Hawes in 1774.

The murmur which Fauvel (No. 2754) had called “presystolic” was described by Gairdner, who called it “auricular-systolic.” This paper is important as being largely responsible for the recognition in Britain of the presystolic murmur, previously discounted by most authorities.

Carey was a Philadelphia publisher and economist rather than a physician. In this little book, which passed through four editions in a few months, Carey left a graphic description of the great yellow fever epidemic of Philadelphia in 1793, which infected about 17,000 people and left 5000 people dead, out of a population estimated at 45,000-50,000. Carey gave a good clinical description of the disease, mentioning the efficacy and the failure of many forms of treatment. Regrettably Carey accused blacks of causing the epidemic and of taking advantage of victims while acting as nurses. Wide distribution of the pamphlet contributed to fears and hostility in the city in which members of the Free African Society had risked their lives as nurses and aides to the sick and dying. Digital facsimile of the third edition, 1793, from the Internet Archive at this link.

To the fourth edition of January 16, 1794 Carey appended the following: "Acounts of the plague in London and Marseilles; and a list of the dead, from August 1, to the middle of December, 1793." Digital facsimile of the 4th edition from the Internet Archive at this link.

William Clowes, the greatest of the Elizabethan surgeons, published the first original English treatise on syphilis. It was his first work; it demonstrates the prevalence of the disease at that time (Clowes says that of every 20 persons admitted to St. Bartholomew’s Hospital, 15 were found to be suffering from syphilis). Facsimile reprint, New York, Da Capo Press, 1972.

In 1719 Mead was asked for advice concerning an outbreak of plague in Marseilles, and replied with the above tract of 59 pages, which has been called the first epidemiological report produced by a physician at the command of the state. It underwent seven editions in one year. By the eighth edition (1722) Mead expanded it into a book of 150 pages. Mead concluded that isolation of the sick is more effective in stopping the spread of infection than general quarantine or fumigation. The book has been called almost a prophecy of what was to develop as the English public health system.

From the Wikipedia: "Bhagvatsingh Sahib GCSI GCIE was the ruling Maharaja of the princely state of Gondal from 1869 till his death in 1944, in whose reign the state was raised to 11-gun salute state.^[1] He was the only Maharaja to take a medical degree and other degrees. Bhagvatsingh was educated at The Rajkumar College, Rajkot^[2] followed by the University of Edinburgh in 1892, where he graduated as a medical doctor in 1895 and became a Fellow of the Royal College of Physicians of Edinburgh, the only princely ruler ever to do so. In 1894, he became the President of the Organising Committee of the 8th International Congress of Hygiene and Demography at Budapest. He later rose to become Vice-President of the Indian Medical Association." 2nd ed., Gondal, 1927. Digital facsimile of the 1896 edition from the Internet Archive at this link.    

Revised and expanded edition with a Foreward and Concluding Essay by Charles Rosenberg (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2016).

A highly readable outline history. Second edition revised by E.A. Underwood (1962).

Supplemented reprint of Cutter's "Historical sketch of the development of midwifery and gynecology," Obstetrics and Gynecology, edited by Arthur H. Curtis, I,  4-194 (Philadelphia: W. B. Saunders Co., 1933).

2nd edition, 1966.

Based on material collected by James Rawling Elliott (1905-1958).

Lists approximately 25,000 works (except dissertations) printed between 1701 and 1800.

Contains the first illustrations of microscopic sections of cancer; however, Home drew no worthwhile conclusion from his microscopic studies. Digital facsimile from the Internet Archive at this link.

This has been completely superseded by the second edition, revised and enlarged. Begun by W. A. Jackson and F. S. Ferguson; completed by K. F. Pantzer. Vol. 1. A-H.; Vol. 2. I-Z. London, Bibliographical Society, 1972-86. In addition to countless works of medical interest, this includes in brief form many bibliographies of individual medical authors whose works appeared during the dates covered.

Supplements the Short title catalogue (No. 6771). This was superseded by the second edition, revised and enlarged, 3 vols., New York, Modern Language Association of America, 1972-88. In addition to countless works of medical interest, this bibliography includes in brief form many author bibliographies of individual physicians whose works appeared during 1640-1700.

Definitive study of the rotator cuff, written in Codman’s idiosyncratic and iconoclastic style. Reprint, Malabar, Fl., Krieger, 1965.

The Canadian or Shouldice repair.

Characterized on the dust jacket as "a panomaic history of exhibitions, 1600-1862."  The first two chapters are a history of museums. Chapter 24, "The waxen and the fleshy", discusses "medica" or anatomical museums.

The first book on children's health and illness in early modern England.

First recognition, by Pauling and colleagues, of a structural hemoglobin variant, and the beginning of the molecular approach to disease. 

Mason gave sickle-cell anemia its present name.