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Washington, DC: U.S. Army Medical Department, 1998.
http://history.amedd.army.mil/books.html
"The US Army Medical Department has an extensive and illustrious history. Brief historical highlights include maintaining one of the oldest regiments within the Army, providing the antecedent organization for the Army Reserve system, and establishing some of the first methods to capture lessons learned. Preserving, interpreting, and publishing the history of the US Army Medical Department, is the mission of the Office of Medical History. Operating almost continuously since 1862, forms of the Office of Medical History have endured numerous organizational changes. Despite the different incarnations, the Office of Medical History continues to record the activities of the US Army Medical Department and provide Soldiers and the general public with a variety of historical products."
Many of the official histories of the U. S. Army Medical Department from its inception to the near present are available at this link.
Subjects: DIGITAL RESOURCES › Digital Archives & Libraries , MILITARY MEDICINE, SURGERY & HYGIENE › History of Military Medicine
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Washington, DC: Defense Dept., Borden Institute, 2015.
Subjects: MILITARY MEDICINE, SURGERY & HYGIENE › History of Military Medicine, MILITARY MEDICINE, SURGERY & HYGIENE › Vietnam War, PSYCHIATRY › History of Psychiatry
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Washington, DC, 1846.
U.S. Patent No. 4848, issued to Charles T. Jackson and William T. G. Morton on November 12, 1846 for the discovery of sulfuric ether as a surgical anesthetic. This was the first truly significant medical patent ever issued. Few copies of this broadside were printed. Though the patent was formally issued on November 12, 1846 it is likely that the patent was first printed (as a broadside) in 1847.
Critics of Jackson's role in the discovery should remember that he shared the patent for the discovery with Morton, as Jackson discovered the scientific effects of ether in surgery while Morton deserves credit for introducing them to the surgical community. However, the patent proved unenforceable and the famous long-running dispute between Morton and Jackson over priority in the discovery ensued.
"Be it known that we, Charles T. Jackson and William T. G. Morton of Boston, in the County of Suffolk, and State of Massachusetts, have invented or discovered a new and useful improvement in surgical operations on animals, whereby we are enabled to accomplish many, if not all operations . . . without any, or with very little pain....
"It has never (to our knowledge) been known until our discovery, that the inhalation of [chemical ethers] (particularly those of sulphuric ether) would produce insensibility to pain, or such a state of quiet of nervous action as to render a person or animal incapable to a great extent, if not entirely, of experiencing pain while under the action of the knife or other instrument of operation of a surgeon, calculated to produce pain.
"This is our discovery, and the combining it with, or applying it to any operation of Surgery, for the purpose of alleviating animal suffering, as well as of enabling a surgeon to conduct his operations with little or no struggling, or muscular action of the patient, and with more certainty of success, constitutes our invention...."
Subjects: ANESTHESIA › Ether, LAW and Medicine & the Life Sciences › Patents
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Bethesda, MD: National Cancer Institute, Environmental Epidemiology Branch, 1983.
Riggan supervised this long-term project of calculating and publishing cancer mortality rates and trends for every county in the United States over several decades. The last 30 of the 40 years of the underlying data base includes every death record in the country, not just those which indicate a cancer as a cause of death. This data remains valuable for researching the relationships between exposure to environmental factors and causes of death. Digital facsimile from the Hathi Trust at this link.
Subjects: DEMOGRAPHY / Population: Medical Statistics, ONCOLOGY & CANCER
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Bethesda, MD: U.S. National Library of Medicine, 1998.
Subjects: BIBLIOGRAPHY › Online Access Catalogues & Bibliographic Databases, DIGITAL RESOURCES › Digital Archives & Libraries
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Helv. chim. Acta, 19, 1107-26, 1936.
Isolation of Compound Fa, identical with Compounds E and F. Reichstein shared the Nobel Prize with Kendall and Hench in 1950.
Subjects: Ductless Glands: Internal Secretion › Adrenals
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Z. Geburtsh. Gynäk., 35, 1-10, 1896.
Wertheim demonstrated the gonococcus in acute cystitis.
Subjects: INFECTIOUS DISEASE › SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES › Gonorrhoea & Trichomonas Infection, OBSTETRICS & GYNECOLOGY › GYNECOLOGY
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Wien. med. Wschr., 41, 1814-6, 1891.
First successful total cystectomy.
Subjects: UROLOGY
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Z. Hyg. InfektKr., 53, 281-304, 1906.
Isolation of El Tor vibrio, a particular strain of the bacterium Vibrio cholerae. Gotschlich first identified this strain in 1905 at a quarantine camp on the Sinai Peninsula in El Tor, Egypt . The vibrios were found in the guts of six pilgrims returning from Mecca. Though the pilgrims failed to show ante or post mortem evidence of cholera, the vibrios isolated from the guts were agglutinable within the anti-cholera serum.
Subjects: BACTERIOLOGY › BACTERIA (mostly pathogenic; sometimes indexed only to genus) › Gram-Negative Bacteria › Vibrio , COUNTRIES, CONTINENTS AND REGIONS › Egypt, COUNTRIES, CONTINENTS AND REGIONS › Saudi Arabia, INFECTIOUS DISEASE › Cholera
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Hoppe-Seyl. Z. physiol. Chem., 242, 43-73, 1936.
Isolation of biotin (vitamin H).
Subjects: NUTRITION / DIET › Vitamins
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Arch. Psychiat. Nervenkr., 87, 527-70, 1929.
First recording of human brain activity, which Berger called electroencephalography. Berger actually recorded his first EEG in 1924, but did not publish the technique until 1929. He showed that the electrical activity of the human brain could be recorded from the intact scalp.
Subjects: Electrodiagnosis, INSTRUMENTS & TECHNOLOGIES, NEUROSCIENCE › NERVOUS SYSTEM › Brain, including Medulla: Cerebrospinal Fluid
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Berlin: Julius Springer, 1926.
Schaffer was a pioneer Hungarian neuropathologist. He laid down a triad of criteria for judging whether or not a neurological disease is hereditary.
Subjects: GENETICS / HEREDITY › HEREDITARY / CONGENITAL DISEASES OR DISORDERS, NEUROLOGY › Neuropathology, PATHOLOGY › Histopathology
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Klin. Wschr. 6, 1859, 1927.
Discovery of the estrogenic activity of male urine. With E. Dingemanse, P. C. Hart, and S. E. de Jongh.
Subjects: Ductless Glands: Internal Secretion › Gonads: Sex Hormones
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Beitr. path. Anat., 91, 82-112, 1933.
Experimental production of acute glomerulonephritis. For Masugi’s later work, see the same journal, 1933-34, 92, 429, and Klin. Wschr., 1935, 14, 373.
Subjects: NEPHROLOGY › Renal Disease
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Berlin: in den Vossischen Buchhandlung, 1808.
In 1804 the Berlin Akademie der Naturwissenschaften offered a prize for the best essay on the structure and function of the lungs. The prize was won by Reisseisen, while Soemmerring received honorable mention. The texts of both works were published in one volume; Soemmerring’s essay was entitled “Ueber die Structur, die Verrichtung und den Gebrauch der Lungen”. Digital facsimile from Google Books at this link.
Subjects: RESPIRATION
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Phys. Z., 34, 577-82, 1933.
In 1961 Békésy was awarded a Nobel Prize for his discoveries concerning the physical mechanisms of stimulation within the cochlea. English translation in Békésy, Experiments in hearing, 1960.
Subjects: OTOLOGY , OTOLOGY › Physiology of Hearing
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Neur. Centralbl., 12, 4-10, 43-47, 1893.
The preliminary announcement of the results of the collaboration that was the starting point of psychoanalysis. It described work begun several years previously. See No. 4978.
Subjects: PSYCHIATRY › Hysteria, Psychoanalysis
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Pflügers Arch. ges. Physiol., 1, 173-207, 1868.
Bernstein introduced the differential rheotome, and the first electrocardiograms were obtained with it by Marchand in 1877 (No. 823.1).
Subjects: CARDIOLOGY › CARDIOVASCULAR PHYSIOLOGY, CARDIOLOGY › CARDIOVASCULAR PHYSIOLOGY › Cardiac Electrophysiology, CARDIOLOGY › Tests for Heart & Circulatory Function › Electrocardiography, INSTRUMENTS & TECHNOLOGIES
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Berl. klin. Wschr., 5, 517-19, 1868.
“Henoch’s purpura”. Henoch described a form of purpura with abdominal symptoms first mentioned by Heberden (No. 3053). See also the same journal, 1874, 11,622, 641-43. This paper is translated into English in No. 2241.
Subjects: HEMATOLOGY › Blood Disorders
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Nova Acta Acad. Leopold.-Carol. (Halle), 15, 1-48, 1831.
Goethe believed that in 1784 he demonstrated the presence of the intermaxillary (premaxillary) bone in man, proving an anatomical connection between man and the lower animals, and certifying to Goethe that there is no fundamental difference between man and apes. He was one of the pioneers of evolution and the first to use the term “morphology”. Digital facsimile from the Internet Archive at this link. See George A. Wells, "Goethe and the intermaxillary bone," British Journal for the History of Science, 3 (1967) 348-61. (Available from JSTOR at this link.)
Subjects: ANATOMY › 19th Century, COMPARATIVE ANATOMY, EVOLUTION
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Monatshefte für Chemie, 40 (2), 129-154, 1919.
Subjects: Chemistry, PSYCHIATRY › Psychopharmacology
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Zbl. Chir., 20, 862, 1893.
Ssabanejew and Frank independently developed a new method of gastrostomy, the Ssabanejew-Frank operation. The above is an abstract of the original, which appeared in Khirurgitscheski Vestnik, June 1893.
Subjects: SURGERY: General › Upper Gastrointestinal Surgery
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Jber. akad. nat. Vereins Breslau, 57, 65-72, 1879.
Neisser obtained leprosy tissue from Hansen and, using aniline dyes for staining Myco. leprae, was able to demonstrate it more convincingly than Hansen.
Subjects: INFECTIOUS DISEASE › Leprosy
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Wiesbaden: J. F. Bergmann, 1885.
“Tornwaldt’s [Thornwaldt’s] bursitis”, first described by Wendt (see No. 3283).
Subjects: OTORHINOLARYNGOLOGY (Ear, Nose, Throat)
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Vienna: Carl Gerold's Sohn, 1898 – 1900.
Müller died at the age of 32 as a result of exposure to this plague.
Subjects: COUNTRIES, CONTINENTS AND REGIONS › India, INFECTIOUS DISEASE › VECTOR-BORNE DISEASES › Flea-Borne Diseases › Plague (transmitted by fleas from rats to humans)
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Zbl. Chir., 48, 394-97, 1921.
Myelography by air injection into spinal subarachnoid space.
Subjects: IMAGING › X-ray, NEUROLOGY › Diseases of the Nervous System
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Münch. med. Wschr., 53, 811-13, 1906.
Fetal electrocardiogram recorded. Cremer was also the first to record an electrocardiogram with an electrode in the esophagus.
Subjects: CARDIOLOGY › Tests for Heart & Circulatory Function › Electrocardiography, OBSTETRICS & GYNECOLOGY › OBSTETRICS, PHYSIOLOGY › Fetal Physiology
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Pflüg. Arch. ges. Physiol., 146, 1-146, 1912.
Aschner was able to keep his hypophysectomized dogs alive indefinitely. He found that they developed genital hypoplasia.
Subjects: Ductless Glands: Internal Secretion › Pituitary
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Arch. Anat. Physiol wiss. Med., 139-43, 1848.
Subjects: CARDIOLOGY › CARDIOVASCULAR PHYSIOLOGY, COMPARATIVE ANATOMY
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Z. Hyg. InfektKr., 58, 233-76, 1908.
Fermi was the first to use chemical treatment of tissue suspensions of fixed rabies virus for the preparation of vaccine (Fermi vaccine). He introduced the use of carbolic acid for this purpose.
Subjects: IMMUNOLOGY › Immunization, IMMUNOLOGY › Vaccines, INFECTIOUS DISEASE › Animal Bite Wound Infections › Rabies, VIROLOGY › VIRUSES (by Family) › Rhabdoviridae › Rabies Lyssavirus
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Berlin: Akademie der Wissenschaften, 1910.
"Malone was a strict adherent to the cytoarchitectonic method, and ascribed similar function to neurons with similar shape in different parts of the nervous system. He named the nucleus reuniens (thalamus) here, and ascribed visceral function to it because similar cells were noted in sympathetic ganglia. He also coined the term paraventricular nucleus (hypothalamus), which had been discovered but not illustrated by Ziehen in 1901. This was the first detailed cytoarchitectonic study of the human hypothalamus" (Larry W. Swanson).
Subjects: ANATOMY › Neuroanatomy, NEUROSCIENCE › NERVOUS SYSTEM › Brain, including Medulla: Cerebrospinal Fluid
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Wiesbaden: J. F. Bergmann, 1912.
Adler seceded from Freud’s psycho-analytical group and founded the school of individual psychology. English translation of above, 1917. See also his Practice and theory of individual psychology, 1924.
Subjects: PSYCHOLOGY
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Berl. klin. Wschr., 35, 882-5, 1898.
Joseph rhinoplasty, developed independently of Roe (Nos. 5754.4-5) and Weir (No. 5754.6). Translation in Plast. reconstr. Surg., 1970, 46, 178-81.
Subjects: PLASTIC & RECONSTRUCTIVE SURGERY › Rhinoplasty
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Dtsch. med. Wschr. 81, 823-46, 1956.
A Symposium on tolbutamide, introduced by H. Maske.
Subjects: Metabolism & Metabolic Disorders › Diabetes
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Med. Klin., 15, 139-40, 1919.
Subjects: INFECTIOUS DISEASE › SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES › Syphilis
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Mschr. Geburtsh., 1, 419-38, 513-62, 1895.
Marchand’s theory of the histogenesis of choriocarcinoma (chorionepithelioma). He considered that such tumors derived from trophoblast and not from decidua.
Subjects: OBSTETRICS & GYNECOLOGY › GYNECOLOGY, ONCOLOGY & CANCER › Carcinoma
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Helv. chim. Acta, 17, 1395-1406, 1934.
First complete synthesis of a sex hormone (androsterone). With M. W. Goldberg, J. Meyer, H. Brüngger, and E. Eichenberger. Ruzicka shared the 1939 Nobel Prize for Chemistry with Butenandt (No. 1195).
Subjects: Ductless Glands: Internal Secretion › Gonads: Sex Hormones
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Med. Jb., 364-68, 1877.
Choriocarcinoma first reported.
Subjects: OBSTETRICS & GYNECOLOGY › GYNECOLOGY, ONCOLOGY & CANCER › Carcinoma
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Verh. dtsch. Congr. inn. Med., 20, 230-34, 1902.
Sahli’s method for the determination of hemoglobin.
Subjects: HEMATOLOGY
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Arch. Elektrotech. 21, 387-406, 1928.
RF-powered linear accelerator.
Subjects: ONCOLOGY & CANCER › Radiation (Radiotherapy)
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Röntgenpraxis, 3, 879-81, 1931.
Star-shaped radiolucencies caused by gas in gallstones.
Subjects: HEPATOLOGY › Diseases of the Gallbladder, Biliary Tract, & Pancreas › Gallstones, RADIOLOGY
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Arch. Psychiat. Nervenkr., 16, 698-710, 1885.
“Pelizaeus–Merzbacher disease” (see No. 4715).
Subjects: NEUROLOGY › Degenerative Disorders › Multiple Sclerosis
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Klin. Wschr., 13, 21-22, 1934.
Kapeller-Adler test for diagnosis of pregnancy.
Subjects: OBSTETRICS & GYNECOLOGY › OBSTETRICS › Pregnancy Tests, WOMEN, Publications by › Years 1900 - 1999
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Virchows Arch. path. Anat., 96, 177-95, 1884.
Metchnikoff originated the theory of phagocytosis. He described phagocytes in leucocytes and showed their function as scavengers. Abridged English translation in Bibel, Milestones in immunology (1988).
Subjects: IMMUNOLOGY › Phagocytosis, INFECTIOUS DISEASE
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Berl. klin. Wschr., 18, 43, 1881.
In the above contributions to the knowledge of anemia, Ehrlich dealt in the first paper with the blood cells in anemia, and in the second gave the first description of the reticulocyte.
Subjects: HEMATOLOGY › Anemia & Chlorosis
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v. Graefes Arch. Ophthal., 69, 525-42, 1909.
Demonstration of the inclusion bodies in ophthalmia neonatorum.
Subjects: OPHTHALMOLOGY
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Zbl. Gynäk., 19, 1-6, 1895.
The operation of excision of the vagina was introduced by Olshausen.
Subjects: OBSTETRICS & GYNECOLOGY › GYNECOLOGY
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Mschr. Psych. Neurol., 18, 161-71, 310-57, 1905.
Spielmayer-Vogt disease, or Spielmeyer-Vogt-Sjögren-Batten disease, the juvenile form of cerebromacular degeneration.
Subjects: NEUROLOGY › Child Neurology, NEUROLOGY › Degenerative Disorders, PEDIATRICS
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Wilhelm Roux Arch. Entw. Mech. Org., 100, 599-638, 1924.
This was Hilde Mangold's thesis. Spemann designed the experiment, and Mangold performed the work, and was the co-discoverer of the "organizer," the chemical that directs the embryonic development of tissues and organs. Spemann added his name to Mangold's paper over her objections. Spemann was awarded the Nobel Prize in 1935 for discovery of the “organizer” in animal development. Because Mangold died at the early age of 26 when the gas heater in her apartment exploded, she was unable to share the Nobel Prize with Spemann. Digital facsimile of the English translation by Viktor Hamburger is available at www.ijdb.ehu.es/web/descarga/paper/11291841. See also Spemann's Experimentelle Beiträge zu einer Theorie der Entwicklung. Deutsche Ausgabe der Silliman Lectures gehalten an der Yale University im Spätjahr 1933 (Berlin: Julius Springer, 1936). Translated into English as Embryonic development and induction (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1938). See Hamburger, The heritage of experimental embryology: Hans Spemann and the organizer. New York: Oxford University Press, 1988.
Subjects: EMBRYOLOGY, WOMEN, Publications by › Years 1900 - 1999
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Helv. chim. Acta, 27, 892- 928, 1944.
Müller introduced Dichlordiphenyltrichlorethane (DDT) as an insecticide. He received the Nobel Prize in 1948 for his discovery of the high efficacy of DDT against several varieties of arthropod. With H. Martin and P. Läuger.
Subjects: TOXICOLOGY, TOXICOLOGY › Insecticides
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Hoppe-Seyl. Z. physiol. Chem., 233, 281-82, 1935.
Isolation of testosterone from the testis. With E. Dingemanse, J. Freud, and E. Laqueur.
Subjects: Ductless Glands: Internal Secretion › Gonads: Sex Hormones
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Z. landwirtsch. Versuchsw. in Österreich, 3, 465-555., 1900.
With Correns and de Vries, Tschermak brought Mendel’s work into prominence and confirmed it, although Tschermak may not have fully understood the Mendelian laws before he had read Mendel’s work. See also Tschermak’s first paper on the subject: “Über künstliche Kreuzung bei Pisum Sativum”, Ber. dtsch. bot. Ges., 1900, 18, 232-39.
Subjects: GENETICS / HEREDITY
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Fortschr. Röntgenstr., 16, 103-15, 1910 – 1911.
First description of a slowly progressive osteonecrosis of the lunate bone of the wrist; carpal lunate malacia. (“Kienböck’s disease”).
Subjects: ORTHOPEDICS › Diseases of or Injuries to Bones, Joints & Skeleton
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Zürich: Fuessli & Co., 1922.
Subjects: COUNTRIES, CONTINENTS AND REGIONS › Switzerland, MEDIEVAL MEDICINE › History of Medieval Medicine
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Verh. Phys.-med. Ges. Wurzburg, 35, 67-90., Würzburg, 1903.
Boveri’s experiments, involving multipolar mitoses in sea urchin eggs fertilized by two sperm, demonstrated that different chromosomes perform different functions in development. English translation in No. 534.3.
Subjects: BIOLOGY, GENETICS / HEREDITY
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Virchows Arch. path. Anat., 260, 215-33, 1926.
“Abrikosov’s tumor”, granular-cell myoblastoma.
Subjects: DERMATOLOGY › Specific Dermatoses, ONCOLOGY & CANCER
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Mün. Med. Woch., 51, 1590-1593, 1904.
The first description of an auto-antibody, and of an auto-immune disease, paroxysmal cold hemoglobinuria. See A.M. Silverstein, A history of immunology, New York, Academic Press, 1989, Ch. 8, The Donanth-Landsteiner autoantibody…English translation in Bibel, Milestones in immunology, (1988).
Subjects: IMMUNOLOGY
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Berl. klin. Wschr., 17, 405, 1880.
Subjects: HEMATOLOGY › Anemia & Chlorosis
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Derm. Wschr., 105, 1152-57, 1937.
Behçet’s disease, previously described by H. Planner and F. Remenovsky, Arch. Derm. Syph. (Berlin), 1922, 140, 162-88.
Subjects: GENETICS / HEREDITY › HEREDITARY / CONGENITAL DISEASES OR DISORDERS › Congenital Rheumatologic Diseases, GENETICS / HEREDITY › HEREDITARY / CONGENITAL DISEASES OR DISORDERS › Congenital Rheumatologic Diseases › Behcet's Disease
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Wien. klin. Woch., 10, 736-38, 1897.
The precipitin reaction, employed for the qualitative identification of antigens and antibodies. English translation in Bibel, Milestones in immunology,(1988) pp. 265-68.
Subjects: IMMUNOLOGY, INFECTIOUS DISEASE › Cholera, INFECTIOUS DISEASE › VECTOR-BORNE DISEASES › Lice-Borne Diseases › Typhus, Laboratory Medicine › Blood Tests
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Z. ges. exp. Med. 97, 555-87, 1936.
Lysolechtin found in normal blood.
Subjects: HEMATOLOGY
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Mh. Chem., 3, 625-35., 1882.
Cyclopropane (trimethylene) first prepared.
Subjects: ANESTHESIA
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Samml. klin. Vortr., n.F., Nr. 232 (Gynäkol., Nr. 84), 1365-88, 1898.
The vaginal Caesarean operation was introduced by Dührssen in April, 1895.
Subjects: OBSTETRICS & GYNECOLOGY › OBSTETRICS › Caesarian Section
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Arb. k. Gesundh-Amte, 26, 44-47, 1907.
Halberstaedter and Prowazek first described the cytoplasmic inclusion bodies of trachoma, Chlamydia trachomatis.
Subjects: OPHTHALMOLOGY
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Jahr. Ver. f. Vaterländ. Nat. Würt., 64, 369-82., 1908.
Weinberg, a general practitioner and obstetrician in Stuttgart, was also a founder of population genetics. He co-discovered the Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium.
Subjects: COMPUTING/MATHEMATICS in Medicine & Biology, GENETICS / HEREDITY, Statistics, Biomedical
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Leipzig: F. Engelmann, 1883.
Roux investigated why the nucleus undergoes the precise division of mitosis while the rest of the cell undergoes a rather crude division when one cell splits into two. He argued that mitosis ensures a precise halving of the nucleus, suggesting that the nucleus contains the material basis of heredity.
Subjects: BIOLOGY › Cell Biology, BIOLOGY › Developmental Biology, GENETICS / HEREDITY
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Zbl. Chir., 11, 756-8, 1884.
Hagedom’s operation is important as forming the basis of most modern methods of unilateral cleft lip repair.
Subjects: PLASTIC & RECONSTRUCTIVE SURGERY › Cleft Lip & Palate
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Proc. imp. Acad. Japan, 10, 41-44, 1934.
Experimental transmission of Japanese B encephalitis.
Subjects: COUNTRIES, CONTINENTS AND REGIONS › Japan, EPIDEMIOLOGY, INFECTIOUS DISEASE › Neuroinfectious Diseases › Encephalitis, INFECTIOUS DISEASE › VECTOR-BORNE DISEASES › Mosquito-Borne Diseases › Japanese Encephalitis, NEUROLOGY › Inflammatory Conditions
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Dtsch. Z. Chir., 84, 311-65, 1906.
Büdinger was the first to describe pathological fracture of the cartilage of the patella. See also his later paper in the same journal, 1908, 92, 510-36. Later descriptions by Karl Ludloff, Verh. dtsch. Ges. Chir., 1910, 223-25, and by Arthur Laewen, Beitr. klin. Chir., 1925, 134, 265-307, led to the eponym “Büdinger–Ludloff–Laewen disease”.
Subjects: ORTHOPEDICS › Diseases of or Injuries to Bones, Joints & Skeleton, ORTHOPEDICS › Orthopedic Surgery & Treatments › Fractures & Dislocations
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Berlin: A. Hirschwald, 1885.
An important investigation concerning acetone in diabetic urine.
Subjects: Metabolism & Metabolic Disorders › Diabetes
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Arch. Derm. Syph., (Wien), 61, 57-76, 1902.
Taylor described the condition in 1876 (No. 4069) and Herxheimer and Hartmann named it, separating it from other atrophies which had been called by a number of different names.
Subjects: DERMATOLOGY › Specific Dermatoses
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Berl. klin. Wschr., 17, 660-61, 1880.
Ponfick recognized the causative role of Actinomyces in human actinomycosis; he established the identity of the human and animal forms of the disease. He published a book on the subject, Die Actinomykose des Menschen, eine neue Infectionskrankheit (Berlin,1882).
Subjects: BACTERIOLOGY › BACTERIA (mostly pathogenic; sometimes indexed only to genus) › Gram-Negative Bacteria › Actinomyces, INFECTIOUS DISEASE › Actinomycosis, VETERINARY MEDICINE
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Z. klin. Med., 18, 576-87, 1891.
“Leyden’s (acute) ataxia”.
Subjects: NEUROLOGY › Degenerative Disorders
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Wien. med. Wschr., 51, 1346-48, 1901.
“Kienböck’s atrophy” – acute atrophy of bone in inflammatory conditions of the extremities.
Subjects: ORTHOPEDICS › Diseases of or Injuries to Bones, Joints & Skeleton
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Arch. Psychiat. Nervenkr., 5, 758-91, 1875.
Erb was first to use the term “acute anterior poliomyelitis”.
Subjects: NEUROLOGY › Inflammatory Conditions › Poliomyelitis
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Ber. dtsch. chem. Ges., 37, 4149-54, 1904.
Subjects: Ductless Glands: Internal Secretion › Adrenals
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Dtsch. Z. Nervenheilk.3, 300-18, 1893.
“Schultze’s acroparaesthesia.” Schultze described the simple form of acroparesthesia.
Subjects: NEUROLOGY
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Dresden: W. Baensch, 1899.
Subjects: CARDIOLOGY › CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE › Myocarditis
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Königsb. med. Jb., 1, 377-79, 1859.
Möller was the first to describe the acute form of rickets combined with scurvy now associated with the name of Barlow (No. 3720).
Subjects: NUTRITION / DIET › Deficiency Diseases › Rickets, NUTRITION / DIET › Deficiency Diseases › Scurvy
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Mh. prakt. Derm., 1, 129-31, 1882.
Hereditary angioedema is also known as Quincke’s edema, from the latter’s excellent description of it, but he was preceded by several other writers, including Donati (No. 4011.2) and Milton (No. 4070). It is also called “Bannister’s disease”. English translation in No. 2241.
Subjects: GENETICS / HEREDITY › HEREDITARY / CONGENITAL DISEASES OR DISORDERS › Hereditary Angioedema
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Mschr. Psychiat. Neurol., 8, 232-33, 1900.
First description of “Oppenheim’s disease” – amyotonia congenita.
Subjects: NEUROLOGY › Myopathies
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Berl. Klin. Wschr., 30, 1089-94, 1893.
Entamoeba histolytica distinguished from Entamoeba coli. English translation in Kean (No. 2268.1).
Subjects: INFECTIOUS DISEASE › Amoebiasis
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Wien. klin. Wschr., 38, 268-69, 1925.
“Edelmann’s disease” – a type of chronic infectious anemia.
Subjects: HEMATOLOGY › Anemia & Chlorosis
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Virchows Arch. path. Anat., 6, 350-84, 1854.
Subjects: GASTROENTEROLOGY › Esophagus: Stomach: Duodenum: Intestines, SURGERY: General › Upper Gastrointestinal Surgery
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Dtsch. Arch. klin. Med., 55, 190-210, 1895.
Döhle clearly defined a specific syphilitic lesion of the aorta as a prerequisite of aortic aneurysm.
Subjects: CARDIOLOGY › CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE › Aneurysms, INFECTIOUS DISEASE › SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES › Syphilis
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Dtsch. Arch. klin. Med., 36, 204-68, 1885.
“Lichtheim’s disease”– subcortical sensory aphasia. Lichtheim noted that although the patient could not speak, he was able to indicate with his fingers the number of syllables in the word of which he was thinking (“Lichtheim’s sign”). The paper is translated into English in Brain, 1885, 7, 433-84.
Subjects: NEUROLOGY › Aphasia, Agraphia, Agnosia, Speech, Anatomy and Physiology of › Speech Disorders
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Arch. Augenheilk., 104, 1-46, 1931.
Weve of Utrecht first clearly demonstrated the heritable nature of the Marfan syndrome (see No. 4365.1).
Subjects: GENETICS / HEREDITY › GENETIC DISORDERS › Marfan Syndrome
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Beitr. klin. Chir., 25, 781-825, 1899.
All-layer intima-to-intima arterial anastomosis.
Subjects: CARDIOLOGY › CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE › Arterial Disease, VASCULAR SURGERY
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Dtsch. Z. Chir., 107, 111-59, 1910.
Subjects: ORTHOPEDICS › Diseases of or Injuries to Bones, Joints & Skeleton, RHEUMATOLOGY › Arthritis
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Charité-Ann., (1882), 7, 750-72, 1880.
Leistikow was first to report the cultivation of the gonococcus.
Subjects: BACTERIOLOGY › BACTERIA (mostly pathogenic; sometimes indexed only to genus) › Gram-Negative Bacteria › Gonococcus, INFECTIOUS DISEASE › SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES › Gonorrhoea & Trichomonas Infection
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Zhl. med. Wiss., 9, 609-11, 1871.
Weigert was the first to stain bacteria. He introduced many of the best staining methods in use today. Weigert discovered bacteria in hemorrhagic smallpox. In the same paper is described how carmine will color cocci.
Subjects: BACTERIOLOGY › Bacteriology, Laboratory techniques in, INFECTIOUS DISEASE › Smallpox , MICROBIOLOGY
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Dtsch. Klinik, 16, 158-59, 1864.
“Graefe’s sign” – the discovery by von Graefe of the failure of the eyelid to follow the eye when it is rolled downward – diagnostic of exophthalmic goitre. Partial English translation in No. 2241.
Subjects: ENDOCRINOLOGY › Thyroid
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Münch, med. Wschr., 68, 802-03, 1921.
Subjects: INFECTIOUS DISEASE › Amoebiasis
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Berl. klin., Wschr., 49, 393-97, 1912.
Frank was the first definitely to connect the posterior lobe of the pituitary with diabetes insipidus.
Subjects: ENDOCRINOLOGY › Pituitary, Metabolism & Metabolic Disorders › Diabetes
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Samml. klin. Vortr., Nr. 355 (Chir., Nr. 109), 3373-92, 1890.
Includes an account of his attempt, 1886, to cure hydronephrosis by a plastic operation – the first recorded surgical intervention for the relief of this condition.
Includes description of the “Trendelenburg position”. Reprinted with translation, in Med. Classics, 1940, 4, 936-88. The first description of Trendelenburg’s elevated pelvic position was given by one of his students, W. Meyer, in Arch. klin. Chir., 1885, 31, 494-525.
Subjects: NEPHROLOGY › Renal Disease, NEPHROLOGY › Renal Disease › Kidney Surgery, OBSTETRICS & GYNECOLOGY › GYNECOLOGY
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Graefe’s Arch. Ophthal.14, 159-82, 1868.
Poikiloderma congenitale (Rothmund).
Subjects: DERMATOLOGY › Specific Dermatoses, GENETICS / HEREDITY › HEREDITARY / CONGENITAL DISEASES OR DISORDERS › Congenital Skin Disorders › Congenital Poikiloderma, OPHTHALMOLOGY › Ocular Surgery & Procedures › Cataract
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Berl. klin. Wschr., 5, 241-44, 249-254, 1868.
Classic description of conical cornea (keratoconus).
Subjects: OPHTHALMOLOGY › Diseases of the Eye
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Zittau, Germany: Wilh. Pahl, 1853.
Kuchenmeister conducted research on tapeworms, trichinosis, and other parasites and wrote about it several works. In 1852, his theory that bladder-worms are juvenile tapeworms gained the attention of the medical profession. Digital facsimile from the Hathi Trust at this link.
Subjects: INFECTIOUS DISEASE › Food-Borne Diseases › Trichinosis, PARASITOLOGY › Helminths › Parasitic Worms, PARASITOLOGY › Trichinella, ZOOLOGY › Helminthology
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Berl. klin. Wschr., 57, 821-23, 1920.
Introduction of “Bayer 205” (germanin, suramin, naphuride).
Subjects: INFECTIOUS DISEASE › VECTOR-BORNE DISEASES › Triatomine Bug-Borne Diseases › Chagas Disease (American Trypanosomiasis) , PHARMACOLOGY › PHARMACEUTICALS › Antiparasitic Drugs
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Münch. med. Wschr., 49, 1072, 1732, 1902.
Brauer was first to suggest the operation of cardiolysis, a procedure carried out by Petersen.
Subjects: CARDIOVASCULAR (Cardiac) SURGERY
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Dtsch. Z. Nervenheilk., 1, 95-120; 3, 427-70, 1891 – 1893.
“Hoffmann’s muscular atrophy” – independently described by Werdnig (No. 4755).
Subjects: NEUROLOGY › Myopathies, PEDIATRICS
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Z. klin. Med., 29, 385-410, 1896.
“Pick’s disease” – pericardial pseudocirrhosis of the liver.
Subjects: CARDIOLOGY › CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE, HEPATOLOGY › Diseases of the Liver
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Centralblatt. ges. Ther. 2, 289-314, 1884.
Freud described his observations (with himself as subject) on the effects of cocaine, including its abolition of hunger and fatigue, the “exhilaration and lasting euphoria”. He also described its supposed non-addictiveness, calling it “absolutely harmless in long use”. He later bitterly regretted this misconception, as he himself nearly became addicted, and misuse of the drug contributed to the death of one of his dearest friends. Freud’s suggestion that cocaine might act by abolishing the effect of agencies that depress bodily feeling has since been confirmed, and his recognition of the drug’s anesthetizing qualities may have given Koller the idea to revolutionize eye surgery by using cocaine as the first local anesthetic. See No. 5678. English translation in St. Louis med. & surg. J., 1884, 47, 502-05. Revised second edition by Freud, Vienna, 1885. Also translated in Freud, The Cocaine Papers, Vienna/Zurich, 1963 and Freud, Cocaine Papers, R. Byck (ed.), New York, 1974.
Subjects: ANESTHESIA › Cocaine, PHARMACOLOGY › PHARMACEUTICALS › Botanic Sources of Single Component Drugs › Coca, PSYCHIATRY › Psychopharmacology, TOXICOLOGY › Drug Addiction
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Dtsch. med. Wschr., 16, 287-89, 1890.
Maximilian Oberst’s method of conduction anesthesia was first reported by Pernice, his pupil.
Subjects: ANESTHESIA, ANESTHESIA › Cocaine
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v. Graefes Arch. Ophthal., 7, 2 Abt., 58-71., 1860.
Graefe showed that most cases of blindness and impaired vision connected with cerebral disorders can be traced to optic neuritis rather than paralysis of the optic nerve.
Subjects: NEUROLOGY › Diseases of the Nervous System, OPHTHALMOLOGY › Neuro-ophthalmology
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v. Graefes Arch. Ophthal., 7, 2 Abt., 58-71, 1860.
Graefe showed that most cases of blindness and impaired vision connected with cerebral disorders are a result of optic neuritis rather than of paralysis of the optic nerve.
Subjects: OPHTHALMOLOGY › Neuro-ophthalmology
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Klin Wschr., 3, 1317-18, 1924.
The “scratch test”, a cutaneous reaction for determination of susceptibility to diphtheria.
Subjects: IMMUNOLOGY, INFECTIOUS DISEASE › Diphtheria, Laboratory Medicine › Diagnostic Skin Tests
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Zbl. klin. Med., 10, 97-99, 1889.
Subjects: GASTROENTEROLOGY › Esophagus: Stomach: Duodenum: Intestines
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Z. klin. Med. 7, 641-42, 1884.
Introduction of antipyrine.
Subjects: PHARMACOLOGY › PHARMACEUTICALS
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Zbl. Bakt., Abt. l, 29, Orig., 733-39, 1901.
Looss discovered that hookworms can penetrate the skin; he himself became infected when hookworm culture accidentally spilled on his hands. English translation in Kean (No. 2268.1).
Subjects: DERMATOLOGY, INFECTIOUS DISEASE › DISEASES DUE TO METAZOAN PARASITES › Hookworm Disease, PARASITOLOGY › Helminths › Hookworms
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Z. wiss. Zool 13, 455-73, 1863.
Subjects: Lymphatic System
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Arch. Gynäk., 50, 287-321, 1896.
Original description of “Krukenberg’s tumor”.
Subjects: OBSTETRICS & GYNECOLOGY › GYNECOLOGY, ONCOLOGY & CANCER
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Tübingen: C. F. Osiander, 1833.
Discusses all then known posionsous and venomous fishes, including freshwater and marine species, and includes a "thorough review of practically all the early literature on poisonous and venomous fishes, a list of all the species incriminated, symptomatology, treatment, and origin of the poisons in nature" (Halstead, Poisonous and venomous marine animals of the world, 68). Digital facsimile from Google Books at this link.
Subjects: TOXICOLOGY › Zootoxicology, ZOOLOGY › Ichthyology
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Müller’s Arch. Anat. Physiol. wiss. Med., 182-96, 1849.
The “cave of Retzius” described.
Subjects: ANATOMY › 19th Century, Genito-Urinary System
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Z. klin. Med., 2, 710-13, 1881.
Introduction of methylene blue in bacteriological staining.
Subjects: BACTERIOLOGY › Bacteriology, Laboratory techniques in
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Z. rat. Med., 1851, n.F. 1, 172-218; 2, 198-217, 1852.
Discovery of hemoglobin. (Title of second paper: Neue Beobachtungen tiber die Krystalle des Milzvenen – und Fisch-Blutes).
Subjects: HEMATOLOGY
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Hoppe-Seyl. Z. physiol. Chem., 21, 319-30, 481-93; 22,1-17, 1895 – 1896.
Demonstration of the presence of iodine in organic combination in the thyroid. Baumann isolated an iodine-containing compound (“Thyrojodin”). The biochemical research stimulated by this work led eventually to the discovery of thyroxine. Second paper is written with E. Roos.
Subjects: Ductless Glands: Internal Secretion › Thyroid, Parathyroids, ENDOCRINOLOGY › Thyroid
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Berl. klin. Wschr., 33, 1061-63, 1896.
Filehne was responsible for the introduction of amindopyrine (pyramidon).
Subjects: PHARMACOLOGY › PHARMACEUTICALS
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Berlin: A. Förstner, 1842.
The first successful attempt at treating strabismus by myotomy. The operation was later abandoned owing to the frequently disastrous final effects. A preliminary paper appeared in Med. Ztg., 1839, 8, 227.
Subjects: OPHTHALMOLOGY › Ocular Surgery & Procedures › Strabismus
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Wien. med. Wschr., 11, 713-16, 1861.
Braun’s decapitation hook.
Subjects: OBSTETRICS & GYNECOLOGY › OBSTETRICS
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Verh. naturh.-med. Ver. Heidelberg, n.F. 1, 194-98, 1874 – 1877.
Subjects: GASTROENTEROLOGY › Anatomy & Physiology of Digestion
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Mh. prakt. Derm., 8, 197-208, 1889.
Ulerythema ophryogenes (“Taenzer’s disease”) first described.
Subjects: DERMATOLOGY › Specific Dermatoses
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Virchows Arch. path. Anat., 23, 446-49, 1862.
Using the spectroscope, Hoppe-Seyler discovered the absorption spectrum of blood. See No. 873.
Subjects: HEMATOLOGY
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Stuttgart: Ferdinand Enke, 1876.
“Bandl’s ring”. Bandl was professor of obstetrics and gynaecology at Vienna and Prague.
Subjects: OBSTETRICS & GYNECOLOGY › OBSTETRICS
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Nachr. Georg-Augusts Univ. kgl. Ges. Wiss. Göttingen, 17-32., 1852.
First published account of the tactile nerve endings – “Wagner’s corpuscles”.
Subjects: DERMATOLOGY › Physiology of the Skin
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Dtsch. med. Wschr., 32, 1769-72, 1906.
Wassermann applied his test (No. 2402) to the cerebrospinal fluid and, in paretics, obtained positive results in over 90 per cent of cases. The test greatly facilitated the diagnosis of general paralysis.
Subjects: NEUROLOGY › Neurosyphilis, NEUROLOGY › Paralysis
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Hoppe-Seyl. Z. physiol. Chetm., 101, 165-75, 1918.
Meyerhof shared the Nobel Prize for physiology with A. V. Hill in 1922 for his work on the physiology of muscle.
Subjects: PHYSIOLOGY
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Virchows Arch. path. Anat., 63, 447-62, 1875.
Kernicterus first described.
Subjects: HEMATOLOGY › Blood Disorders, PEDIATRICS › Neonatology
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Arch. Anat Physiol. wiss. Med., 382-92, 1854.
Discovery of leucine and tyrosine in the urine.
Subjects: BIOCHEMISTRY
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Arch. exp. Path. Pharmak., 18, 35-48, 1884.
Discovery of ß-oxybutyric acid in diabetic urine.
Subjects: Metabolism & Metabolic Disorders › Diabetes
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Zbl. med. Wiss., 9, 465-66, 1871.
Discovery of urobilin in the intestines.
Subjects: BIOCHEMISTRY
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N. Notiz. a.d. Geb. d. Natur-und Heilk., 19, 4-8, Weimar, 1841.
Demonstration of the cellular origin of spermatozoa.
Subjects: Genito-Urinary System
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Arch. Anat. Physiol. wiss. Med., 90-138, 1836.
William Beaumont recognized that the gastric juice contained some other active chemical substance besides hydrochloric acid. Schwann proved this to be pepsin. Digital facsimile from Google Books at this link.
Subjects: GASTROENTEROLOGY › Anatomy & Physiology of Digestion
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Dtsch. med. Wschr., 16, 1113-14, 1890.
Antitoxins and their immunizing powers were discovered when Behring and Kitasato published their paper dealing with immunity to tetanus and diphtheria. This work laid the foundation of all future treatment with antitoxins, and was the basis of serotherapy. The paper was reprinted in the same journal, 1940, 66, 1348-49. Part 2, which deals with diphtheria, is by Behring alone. Behring was the first recipient (1901) of the Nobel Prize for Medicine. English translation in Bibel, Milestones in immunology (1988).
Subjects: IMMUNOLOGY › Immunization, IMMUNOLOGY › Toxin-Antitoxin, INFECTIOUS DISEASE › Diphtheria, INFECTIOUS DISEASE › Tetanus
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Dtsch. Klinik, 16, 65-69, 1864.
One of the first publications on electrodiagnosis.
Subjects: PHYSICAL DIAGNOSIS
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Virchows Arch. path. Anat., 26, 391-419, 433-59; 27, 1-26; 68, 145-245; 70, 140-52, 1863, 1876 – 1877.
Friedreich was the first to describe a form of ataxia (“Friedreich’s ataxia”), hereditary, attended with impairment of speech, lateral curvature of the spine, and with paralysis of the muscles of the lower limbs. The titles of the last two papers vary.
Subjects: GENETICS / HEREDITY › HEREDITARY / CONGENITAL DISEASES OR DISORDERS › Inherited Neurological Disorders › Hereditary Ataxias › Friedreich's Ataxia, NEUROLOGY › Degenerative Disorders
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Vienna, 1810.
Hildenbrand gave a classic description of typhus. The French literature sometimes refers to the condition as “Hildenbrand’s disease”. English translation by S. D. Gross, 1829.
Subjects: INFECTIOUS DISEASE › VECTOR-BORNE DISEASES › Lice-Borne Diseases › Typhus
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Münch, med. Wschr., 77, 6-7, 271-72, 1930.
The manufacture of modern contact lenses was made possible by the work of Heine. See also his paper in Lancet, 1931, 1, 631-32. For a brief history of this subject, see Schweiz, med. Wschr., 1946, 76, 719.
Subjects: OPHTHALMOLOGY
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Arch. Anat. Physiol., Anat. Abt., 130-58, 1899.
Classification of the neurones of spinal and other ganglia.
Subjects: NEUROSCIENCE › NERVOUS SYSTEM › Peripheral Nerves / Nerve Impulses
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Arch. mikr. Anat., 12, 364-90., 1876.
Includes first account of the demonstration of nerve endings by means of the gold chloride method.
Subjects: ANATOMY › Neuroanatomy
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Arch. Anat. Physiol wiss. Med., 491-529, 1861.
Proof that the ovum is unicellular in all vertebrates.
Subjects: EMBRYOLOGY
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Göttingen: J. C. Dieterich, 1781.
Blumenbach, Professor of Medicine at Göttingen, was the founder of modern anthropology. In the above work he rejected the “preformation” theory and advanced the theory of epigenesis as the true explanation of the phenomenon of embryological development. English translation, London, [1792?].
Subjects: EMBRYOLOGY
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Hoppe-Seyl. Z. physiol. Chem., 28, 318-62, 1899.
Subjects: Ductless Glands: Internal Secretion › Adrenals
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Leipzig: Wilhelm Engelmann, 1908.
Subjects: EMBRYOLOGY
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Virchows Arch. path. Anat., 29, 233-35, 597-600, 1864.
Hoppe-Seyler obtained hemoglobin in crystalline form and made other important discoveries in hematology. See also No. 870.
See Frederic L. Holmes, "Crystals and carriers: The chemical and physiological identification of hemoglobin," In: No
truth except In the details. Essays in honor of Martin J. Klein. Edited By A. J. Kox & Daniel M. Siegel (1995) 191-244.
Subjects: HEMATOLOGY
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Arb. physiol. Anst. Lpz. (1875), 10, 69-80, 1876.
Kries attempted to measure blood pressure in the capillaries by using a skin blanching method.
Subjects: CARDIOLOGY › CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE › Hypertension (High Blood Pressure), CARDIOLOGY › CARDIOVASCULAR PHYSIOLOGY, DERMATOLOGY
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Zbl. Bakt., 1 Abt., 24, 817-28, 870-74, 1898.
Discovery of the dysentery bacillus, Shigella. Preliminary paper in the same journal, 1898, 23, 599-600.
Subjects: BACTERIOLOGY › BACTERIA (mostly pathogenic; sometimes indexed only to genus) › Gram-Negative Bacteria › Shigella , INFECTIOUS DISEASE › Bacillary Dysentery
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Stuttgart: Ferdinand Enke, 1890.
Subjects: BIOCHEMISTRY
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Arch. klin. Chir. 71, 955-1000, 1903.
Perthes was among the first to study the inhibitory effect of x rays on carcinoma; he was a pioneer in radiotherapy.
Subjects: DERMATOLOGY, ONCOLOGY & CANCER › Carcinoma, ONCOLOGY & CANCER › Radiation (Radiotherapy)
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Physiol. Heilk, 9, 625-62, 1850.
Subjects: RESPIRATION
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Arch. physiol. Heilk., 11, 773-826, 1852.
Subjects: OPHTHALMOLOGY › Physiology of Vision
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Arch. Anat. Physiol. wiss. Med., 545-87, 675-721; 428-69, 533-64, 1861, 1862.
Subjects: HEMATOLOGY
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v. Graefes Arch. Ophthal., 22, Abt. 2, 1-100, 1876.
“Sattler’s layer” of the choroid.
Subjects: OPHTHALMOLOGY › Anatomy of the Eye & Orbit
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Berlin: G. Reimer, 1838.
This classic work showed that Müller realized the necessity of the cell theory for the comprehension of the nature of cancer. He recognized cells, their nuclei and nucleoli, and could distinguish various types of tumors microscopically. Only Lieferung 1 of the book was published; C. West translated it into English in 1840. Improved translation with important commentary in L.J. Rather, P. Rather, & J.B. Frerichs, Johannes Müller and the nineteenth-century origins of tumor cell theory, Canton, Mass, Science History Publications, [1986].
Subjects: ONCOLOGY & CANCER
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St. Petersburg, Russia: K. Kray, 1841 – 1843.
Crusell began to use electrolysis as a cauterizing agent in 1839. See No. 5604.
Subjects: THERAPEUTICS › Medical Electricity / Electrotherapy
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Dtsch. med. Wschr., 21, 21-24, 1895.
“Trendelenburg’s sign” of congenital dislocation of the hip-joint.
Subjects: ORTHOPEDICS › Diseases of or Injuries to Bones, Joints & Skeleton › Congenital Diseases , ORTHOPEDICS › Orthopedic Surgery & Treatments › Fractures & Dislocations, ORTHOPEDICS › Orthopedic Surgery & Treatments › Hip
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Berlin: F. Dümmler, 1824.
Classic account of cancer of the uterus.
Subjects: OBSTETRICS & GYNECOLOGY › GYNECOLOGY, ONCOLOGY & CANCER
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Münch. med. Wschr., 55, 2169-74, 2233-37, 1908.
First detailed description of familial icterus gravis neonatorum.
Subjects: GENETICS / HEREDITY › HEREDITARY / CONGENITAL DISEASES OR DISORDERS › Icterus Gravis Neonatorum, HEMATOLOGY › Blood Disorders, PEDIATRICS › Neonatology
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Med. Jb. k. Österr. Staates (Wien), N.F., 13, 227-266, 1837.
Skoda’s theory of the heart beat.
Subjects: CARDIOLOGY › CARDIOVASCULAR PHYSIOLOGY
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Berlin: A. Hirschwald, 1868.
Virchow was instrumental in introducing into Germany an epidemiology based on the study of multiple factors – sociological as well as bacteriological. In the above report on the reappearance of typhus in Berlin and East Prussia, he showed the connection between famine conditions and typhus outbreaks and strongly emphasized the social element in the generation of typhus. Digital facsimile from Google Books at this link. English translation, as On famine fever and some of the other cognate forms of typhus. A lecture for the benefit of the sufferers in East-Prussia. London: Williams and Norgate, 1868. Digital facsimile of the English translation from wellcomelibrary.org at this link.
Subjects: EPIDEMIOLOGY, INFECTIOUS DISEASE › VECTOR-BORNE DISEASES › Lice-Borne Diseases › Typhus, PUBLIC HEALTH, SOCIAL MEDICINE
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Zbl. Gynäk., 20, 546-50, 1896.
Mackenrodt’s operation for the plastic reconstruction of the vagina.
Subjects: OBSTETRICS & GYNECOLOGY › GYNECOLOGY, PLASTIC & RECONSTRUCTIVE SURGERY
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Dtsch. med. Wschr., 10, 313, 1884.
“Waldeyer’s tonsillar ring”, the lymphoid ring of the nasopharynx.
Subjects: ANATOMY › 19th Century, OTORHINOLARYNGOLOGY (Ear, Nose, Throat) › Laryngology
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Samml. klin. Vortr., Nr. 131 (Chir., Nr. 42), 1113-28, 1878.
First excision of the rectum for cancer.
Subjects: Colon & Rectal Diseases & Surgery
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Dtsch. Arch. Physiol., 5, 483-531, 1819.
Best work of its time on the mechanism of labor. English translation, London, 1829.
Subjects: OBSTETRICS & GYNECOLOGY › OBSTETRICS
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Arch. Anat. Physiol., Physiol. Abt., 505-08, 1890.
Bowditch demonstrated the indefatigability of nerve (“Bowditch’s law”).
Subjects: NEUROSCIENCE › NERVOUS SYSTEM › Peripheral Nerves / Nerve Impulses, Neurophysiology
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Wien. klin. Wschr., 19, 894-95, 1906.
“Müller–Oppenheim reaction” – a complement fixation test for the diagnosis of gonorrhoea.
Subjects: INFECTIOUS DISEASE › SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES › Gonorrhoea & Trichomonas Infection
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Berlin: Vossische Buchhandlung, 1792.
This work on physiognomy includes Camper’s description of his craniometrical methods. Camper is chiefly remembered for the “facial angle” of his own invention. The book first appeared in Dutch in 1791. English translation in Camper, The works… on the connexion between… anatomy and the arts, London, 1794. Digital facsimile of the 1792 edition from the Bayerische StaatsBibliothek at this link.
Subjects: ANTHROPOLOGY › Anthropometry, ANTHROPOLOGY › Craniology
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Hoppe-Seyl. Z. physiol. Chem. 10, 391-400., 1886.
Subjects: BIOCHEMISTRY, BIOCHEMISTRY › Clinical Chemistry
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Berl. klin. Wschr., 32, 650-52, 1895.
Magnus-Levy demonstrated the increased metabolic rate in toxic goitre, confirming the work of Müller. His experimental investigations laid the foundation for the modern conception of thyroid function. See also Z. klin. Med., 1897, 33, 269-314.
Subjects: ENDOCRINOLOGY › Thyroid
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Untersuch. physiol. Inst. Univ. Heidelberg, 1, 15-103, 1878.
Kühne was Professor of Physiology at Amsterdam and Heidelberg. Among his best work is his investigation of visual purple (rhodopsin) which he was first to extract from the retina. Several other papers by him on the same subject appear in the above volume.
Subjects: OPHTHALMOLOGY › Physiology of Vision
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Neurol. Zbl., 13, 676-85, 781-89, 810-14, 1894.
Subjects: NEUROSCIENCE › NERVOUS SYSTEM › Brain, including Medulla: Cerebrospinal Fluid
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Ann. Physik. (Berl.), 58, 1-30, 1843.
First description and definition of electrotonus.
Subjects: PHYSIOLOGY › Electrophysiology
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Berlin: Julius Springer, 1926.
In his important studies of the metabolism of tumors, Warburg was first to observe that malignant tissue utilizes glucose by glycolysis, whether or not oxygen is available (aerobic glycolysis). English translation, 1930.
Subjects: ONCOLOGY & CANCER
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Z. Hyg. InfektKr., 7, 225-34, 1889.
Kitasato obtained a pure culture of the tetanus bacillus, Cl. tetani.
Subjects: BACTERIOLOGY › BACTERIA (mostly pathogenic; sometimes indexed only to genus) › Gram-Positive Bacteria › Clostridium, INFECTIOUS DISEASE › Tetanus
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Leipzig: Wilhelm Engelmann, 1893.
Subjects: PHYSIOLOGY
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Z. Ohrenheilk., 14, 61-148, 1885.
Schwabach’s hearing test.
Subjects: OTOLOGY › Audiology › Hearing Tests
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Kyoto Igaku Zassi, 4, No. 4, 1907.
Fujinami and Nakamura identified the intermediate host of S. japonicum. Abstract in Arch. Schiffs-u. Tropenhyg., 1908, 12,471. Later (1909, 6, 224-52) they demonstrated that infection occurred by skin penetration. English translation of 1909 paper in Kean (No. 2268.1).
Subjects: COUNTRIES, CONTINENTS AND REGIONS › Japan, INFECTIOUS DISEASE › DISEASES DUE TO METAZOAN PARASITES, INFECTIOUS DISEASE › VECTOR-BORNE DISEASES › Aquatic Snail-Borne Diseases › Schistosomiasis (bilharziasis), PARASITOLOGY
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Berl. klin. Wschr., 25, 577-81, 602-07, 1888.
“Riedel’s lobe”, a form of constriction lobe of the liver.
Subjects: HEPATOLOGY › Diseases of the Gallbladder, Biliary Tract, & Pancreas, HEPATOLOGY › Diseases of the Liver
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Hamburg: Perthes & Besser, 1833.
Subjects: COUNTRIES, CONTINENTS AND REGIONS › Turkey
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Z. k. k. Ges. Aerzte Wien, Abt. I, 7, 189-201, 1851.
Türck showed that degeneration in a nerve track corresponds to the direction in which it conducts nerve impulses – ascending tracks degenerate above the lesion and descending tracks below it.
Subjects: NEUROSCIENCE › NERVOUS SYSTEM › Peripheral Nerves / Nerve Impulses
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Mitt. k. Gesundheitsamte, 1, 234-82., 1881.
Koch showed that mercuric chloride was superior to carbolic acid, and that live steam surpassed hot air in sterilizing power.
Subjects: SURGERY: General › Antisepsis / Asepsis
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Samml. klin. Vortr., Nr. 36 (Inn. Med., Nr. 13), 271-82, 1872.
See No. 3270. Continuing his study of laryngeal paralysis. Gerhardt proposed the term “cadaveric position” to indicate the position of the vocal cord in total paralysis of the larynx.
Subjects: OTORHINOLARYNGOLOGY (Ear, Nose, Throat) › Laryngology
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Münch med. Wschr., 56, 2575-76, 1909.
Nagelschmidt employed high frequency currents in treatment after the suggestions of Tesla and the work of Nernst, claiming priority over the latter in the use of this method. Nagelschmidt named this form of treatment “diathermy”.
Subjects: THERAPEUTICS › Medical Electricity / Electrotherapy
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v. Graefes Arch. Ophthal., 1, 2 Abt., 1-74, 1854 – 1855.
Helmholtz determined the optical constants and explained the mechanism of accommodation, with the help of the ophthalmometer which he had invented in 1852.
Subjects: INSTRUMENTS & TECHNOLOGIES › Medical Instruments, OPHTHALMOLOGY › Physiology of Vision
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Virchows Arch. path. Anat., 1, 272-378, 1847.
Subjects: CARDIOLOGY › CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE › Arterial Disease
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Med. Jb., n.F. 1, 483-554, 1886.
Weichselbaum definitely established that Friedländer’s bacillus was responsible for pneumonia in a small percentage of cases.
Subjects: BACTERIOLOGY › BACTERIA (mostly pathogenic; sometimes indexed only to genus) › Gram-Negative Bacteria › Klebsiella pneumoniae, INFECTIOUS DISEASE › Pneumonia, RESPIRATION › Respiratory Diseases
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Fortschr. Med., 5, 573-83, 620-26, 1887.
Weichselbaum discovered the meningococcus, Neisseria meningitidis, causative agent of cerebrospinal meningitis.
Subjects: BACTERIOLOGY › BACTERIA (mostly pathogenic; sometimes indexed only to genus) › Gram-Negative Bacteria › Neisseria meningitidis, INFECTIOUS DISEASE › Neuroinfectious Diseases › Meningitis, NEUROLOGY › Inflammatory Conditions › Cerebrospinal Meningitis
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Mh. prakt. Derm. 6, 450-71, 1887.
First description of impetigo circumpilaris infantilis (“Bockhart’s impetigo”).
Subjects: DERMATOLOGY › Specific Dermatoses, PEDIATRICS
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Jb. Kinderheilk., 22, 173-78, 1885.
“Strumpell’s disease” – polioencephalomyelitis.
Subjects: INFECTIOUS DISEASE › Neuroinfectious Diseases › Encephalitis, NEUROLOGY › Child Neurology, PEDIATRICS
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Neue Not. Geb. Nat. Heil., Jan. 33-36; Feb. 225-29; April 21-23., 1838.
Schwann’s three-part preliminary application of Schleiden’s “watch-glass” cell theory to the genesis of animal cells. Schleiden communicated the theory to him verbally. This paper actually pre-dates Schleiden’s first publication (No. 112) but Schwann gives Schleiden full credit for the Uhrglastheorie. English translation with commentary in L.J. Rather, P. Rather, and J.B. Frerichs, Johannes Müller and the nineteenth century origins of tumor cell theory, Canton, Mass., [1986].
Subjects: BIOLOGY › Cell Biology, MICROBIOLOGY
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Leipzig: J. C. Hinrichs, 1935.
Subjects: ANATOMY › History of Anatomy, ANCIENT MEDICINE › Egypt › History of Ancient Medicine in Egypt
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Mschr. Geburtsh. Gynäk., 43, 48-78, 1916.
Kielland forceps. English translation and historical background in E.P. Jones, Kielland’s forceps, London, 1952.
Subjects: INSTRUMENTS & TECHNOLOGIES › Medical Instruments › Forceps, OBSTETRICS & GYNECOLOGY › OBSTETRICS
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Leipzig: C. E. Kollmann, 1846.
Klencke showed the possibility of the transmission of tuberculosis to man by cow’s milk. In 1843 he succeeded in inoculating rabbits with tuberculosis.
Subjects: INFECTIOUS DISEASE › Tuberculosis
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Dtschr. med. Wschr., 30, 1458-60, 1904.
Bacteriotropins named and described.
Subjects: BACTERIOLOGY, IMMUNOLOGY
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Dtsch. Arch. klin. Med. 15, 457-501, 1875.
Buss introduced the clinical use of salicylic acid as an antipyretic.
Subjects: PHARMACOLOGY › PHARMACEUTICALS › Botanic Sources of Single Component Drugs › Willow Tree Bark (Salycilic Acid; Aspirin)
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Fortschr. Röntgenstr., 17, 345-55, 1911.
First use of x rays for the diagnosis of pregnancy.
Subjects: IMAGING › X-ray, OBSTETRICS & GYNECOLOGY › OBSTETRICS, OBSTETRICS & GYNECOLOGY › OBSTETRICS › Pregnancy Tests
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Wien. med. Wschr., 56, 20-23, 1906.
Galactose tolerance test.
Subjects: HEPATOLOGY › Hepatic Physiology
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Arch. Anat. Physiol, wiss. Med., 103-28, 1838.
Henle broadened the scope of his study of epithelium (No. 539) to include the covering layers of the true body cavities.
Subjects: DERMATOLOGY, DERMATOLOGY › Dermatopathology
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Dtsch. med. Wschr., 65, 251-54, 1939.
First therapeutic use of ultrasonics. With R. Richter and E. Parow.
Subjects: THERAPEUTICS
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Wien. med. Wschr., 29, 1171-74, 1879.
First total hysterectomy by the vaginal route.
Subjects: OBSTETRICS & GYNECOLOGY › GYNECOLOGY › Hysterectomy
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Virchows Arch. path. Anat., 70, 72-111, 1877.
Isolation of indican in the urine.
Subjects: BIOCHEMISTRY, BIOCHEMISTRY › Clinical Chemistry
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Zbl. Bakt., 5, 817-23; 6, 1-11, 1889.
Following Nuttall’s work, Buchner discovered a substance in blood serum that was capable of destroying bacteria. He called the substance "alexin". He demonstrated that the bactericidal power of defibrinated blood was possessed by the cell-free serum, and was lost on heating the serum to 55°C for one hour.
Subjects: BACTERIOLOGY, HEMATOLOGY, IMMUNOLOGY
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Zbl. Bakt., 1 Abt., 75, Orig., 408-56, 1915.
Sonne’s bacillus (Shigella sonnei) was probably described earlier by others, but it was Sonne who first drew serious attention to it. First published as inaugural dissertation, 1914.
Subjects: BACTERIOLOGY › BACTERIA (mostly pathogenic; sometimes indexed only to genus) › Gram-Negative Bacteria › Shigella , INFECTIOUS DISEASE › Bacillary Dysentery
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Leipzig: Wilhelm Engelmann, 1854.
Siebold succeeded in infecting dogs with Taenia echinococcus. Translation by T. H. Huxley Sydenham Society London, 1857.
Subjects: INFECTIOUS DISEASE › DISEASES DUE TO METAZOAN PARASITES
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Hoppe-Seyl. Z. physiol. Chem., 5, 31-39, 1881.
Working in Bunge’s laboratory, Lunin prepared synthetic milk diets and showed that they lacked an unknown factor necessary for animal growth, and that animals cannot live on a chemically pure (i.e. vitamin-free) diet. This was the starting point of modern research on vitamins.
Subjects: NUTRITION / DIET › Vitamins
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Jena: J. C. G. Göpferdt, 1807.
Oken’s vertebral theory of the skull.
Subjects: BIOLOGY
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Zbl. med. Wiss., 6, 689; Arch. Heilk., 10, 68-102, 1868, 1869.
Independently of Bizzozero (No. 873.1), Neumann showed that erythropoiesis and leucopoiesis take place in the bone marrow.
Subjects: HEMATOLOGY
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Dtsch. Arch. klin. Med., 6, 455-500, 1869.
In 1867 Kussmaul used the stomach pump for gastric dilatation due to pyloric obstruction. Although his advocacy of gastric lavage established this method of treatment in medical practice, the instrument had already been used many years previously.
Subjects: GASTROENTEROLOGY › Esophagus: Stomach: Duodenum: Intestines
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Wien Klin. Wschr., 29, 1043-45, 1916.
Subjects: INFECTIOUS DISEASE › VECTOR-BORNE DISEASES › Lice-Borne Diseases › Typhus
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Münch. med. Wschr., 70, 1478-80, 1923.
First description of the experimental use of peritoneal dialysis in uremia.
Subjects: NEPHROLOGY › Renal Disease › Dialysis
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Braunschweig: Friedrich Vieweg & Sohn, 1855.
Subjects: OPHTHALMOLOGY › Physiology of Vision
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Göttingen: Verlag der Dieterichschen Buchhandlung, 1861.
Subjects: ART & Medicine & Biology, LITERATURE / Philosophy & Medicine & Biology
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Prag. med. Wschr., 17, 165-67, 1892.
“Pick’s disease” – circumscribed atrophy of the brain with the development of aphasia and presenile dementia.
Subjects: NEUROLOGY › Aphasia, Agraphia, Agnosia, NEUROLOGY › Degenerative Disorders, Speech, Anatomy and Physiology of › Speech Disorders
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Arch. mikr. Anat., 47, 261-308, 1896.
Subjects: Ductless Glands: Internal Secretion › Gonads: Sex Hormones
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Wien. klin. Wschr., 16, 445-47, 1903.
Serum sickness first described.
Subjects: ALLERGY, IMMUNOLOGY
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Vjschr. gerichtl. öff. Med., n.F. 9,1-43, 1868.
Virchow advocated a canal sewer system for Berlin. Such a system was constructed by Hobrecht. See No. 1624.
Subjects: COUNTRIES, CONTINENTS AND REGIONS › Germany, PUBLIC HEALTH
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Münch. med. Wschr., 46, 1218-20, 1254-56, 1899.
Synthesis of procaine (novocaine).
Subjects: ANESTHESIA
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Z. angew. Chem., 44, 905-08, 1931.
The male sex hormone, androsterone, was isolated in crystalline form by Butenandt. He shared the Nobel Prize for chemistry with Ruzicka (No.1201) in 1939.
Subjects: Ductless Glands: Internal Secretion › Gonads: Sex Hormones
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Med.-chem. Unters., Berlin, Heft 4, 441-60, 1871.
In 1869 Miescher discovered a substance which he termed nuclein (nucleoprotein), later shown to be the hereditary genetic material. He demonstrated it in pus cells. The discovery he first published in 1871. He was also first to suggest the existence of the genetic code (see Nature (Lond.), 1967, 215, 556).
Digital facsimile from Google Books at this link.
Subjects: BIOCHEMISTRY, BIOLOGY › MOLECULAR BIOLOGY, BIOLOGY › MOLECULAR BIOLOGY › Genetic Code, BIOLOGY › MOLECULAR BIOLOGY › Nucleic Acids
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Dtsch. med. Wschr., 10, No. 12, 191-192, 1884.
In this paper, dated 2 February 1884, written while Koch and his team were in Calcutta, Koch first published his discovery of the cholera bacillus and the main route of its transmission. He based his discovery on the unique microscopic morphology of the bacillus and its motility in gelatin, and liquefaction of that gelatin by this novel bacillus. He then reinforced the discovery by including autopsy evidence of deep invasion of the intestinal tissue by this bacillus.
Koch followed this paper with a second paper dated 4 March 1884, also from Calcutta:
Bericht des Leiters der deutschen wissenschaflichen commission zur Erfoschung der cholera. Dtsch. med. Woch. 10, No. 14, 1884, 221-222.
In this follow-up paper Koch and colleagues proved the transmission of the cholera bacillus through water. They isolated the bacillus with the same bacteriological characteristic described in their 2 February 1884 paper from a specific tank supplying water to some individuals. Koch's team then observed natural transmission specificaly and only to the individuals who drank this water, and subsequent development of characteristic cholera illness in those individuals.
(Thanks to Juan Weiss for these references and their interpretation.)
Subjects: BACTERIOLOGY › BACTERIA (mostly pathogenic; sometimes indexed only to genus) › Gram-Negative Bacteria › Vibrio , INFECTIOUS DISEASE › Cholera
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Berlin: A. Hirschwald, 1839.
Subjects: COMPARATIVE ANATOMY, Speech, Anatomy and Physiology of
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v. Graefes Arch. Ophthal., 2, 2 Abt., 202-57, 1855 – 1856.
Graefe introduced iridectomy in the treatment of iritis and iridochoroiditis.
Subjects: OPHTHALMOLOGY › Ocular Surgery & Procedures
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Ann. Chem. Pharm. 6, 67-72, 1833.
Subjects: PHARMACOLOGY › PHARMACEUTICALS › Botanic Sources of Single Component Drugs › Nightshade, PHARMACOLOGY › PHARMACEUTICALS › Botanic Sources of Single Component Drugs › Nightshade › Atropine
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Prag. med. Wschr. 13, 45, 63, 1888.
First complete description of syringomyelia.
Subjects: NEUROLOGY › Degenerative Disorders
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Pflüg. Arch. ges. Physiol., 6, 43-64, 190, 1872.
Subjects: BIOCHEMISTRY › Metabolism
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Z. Physikal. Chem. 1, 631-48, 1887.
The electrolytic dissociation theory of Arrhenius.
Subjects: Chemistry
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Arch. Physiol. (Halle), 9, 421-53., 1809.
Subjects: ANATOMY › 19th Century, GASTROENTEROLOGY › Anatomy & Physiology of Digestion
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Berlin: A. Förster, 1841.
Report on 140 cases of tenotomy for treatment of club-foot.
Subjects: ORTHOPEDICS › Orthopedic Surgery & Treatments › Foot / Ankle, Podiatry
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Arb. physiol. Anst. Leipzig, (1871), 6, 139-76, 1872.
Bowditch was the first to research the relationship between the strength of the heart beat and the interval between beats. He established the “all-or-nothing” principle of heart muscle contraction. He founded, at Harvard, the first physiological laboratory in the United States.
Translated into English by J. Schaefer, W. Deppert, M. I. M Noble, et al as "On the peculiarities of excitability which the fibres of cardiac muscle show," in M.I.M Nobel & W. A. Seed, eds., The Interval-force relationship of the heart: Bowditch revisited, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1992, pp. 3-43.
Subjects: CARDIOLOGY › CARDIOVASCULAR PHYSIOLOGY, CARDIOLOGY › CARDIOVASCULAR PHYSIOLOGY › Cardiac Electrophysiology
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Leipzig & Vienna: Franz Deuticke, 1899.
Subjects: EMBRYOLOGY
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Jb. Psychiat., 7, 94-134, 1887.
Wagner von Jauregg’s first studies of the effect of fevers upon psychotic conditions. See also No. 4806.
Subjects: PSYCHIATRY
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Psychiat.-neurol. Wschr., 20, 132-34, 251-55, 1918 – 1919.
In 1917 Wagner von Jauregg returned to the idea of the inoculation of paretics with malaria to induce pyrexia, first proposed by him in 1887 (Ueber die Einwirkung fieberhafter Erkrankungen auf Psychosen, Jb. Psychiat., 7, 94-131). He was awarded the Nobel Prize in 1927 for his use of pyrotherapy in treating neurosyphilitics. See Magda Whitrow, "Wagner-Jauregg and fever therapy," Medical History, 34 (1990) 294-310.
Subjects: INFECTIOUS DISEASE › VECTOR-BORNE DISEASES › Mosquito-Borne Diseases › Malaria, NEUROLOGY › Paralysis, THERAPEUTICS › Pyrotherapy
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Jena. Z. Naturw., 1, 123-24, 1864.
Discovery of trichlorethylene by Emil Fischer while working on the preparation of tetrachloroethylene.
Subjects: ANESTHESIA
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Verh. Congr. inn. Med., 13, 133-47, 1895.
Bunge was father to the concept of iron-deficiency anemia.
Subjects: HEMATOLOGY › Anemia & Chlorosis
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v. Graefes Arch. Ophthal., 40, Pt. 2, Abt. 4, 103-97, 1894.
Classic account of metastatic ophthalmia.
Subjects: ONCOLOGY & CANCER, OPHTHALMOLOGY
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Dtsch. med. Wschr., 24, 581-82, 1898.
Kossel forecast the polypeptide nature of the protein molecule.
Subjects: BIOCHEMISTRY, BIOLOGY › MOLECULAR BIOLOGY
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Arch. Anat. Physiol. wiss. Med., 300-32, 1870.
These workers showed that electrical stimulation of the frontal cortex in various experimental animals caused movements of the extremities of the opposite side of the body, thus proving the existence of a motor area in the cerebral cortex, predicted earlier in the same year by Hughlings Jackson. Translation in J. Neurosurg., 1963, 20, 905-16. Reprinted, with translation, in R. H. Wilkins, Neurosurgical Classics, New York, 1965
Subjects: NEUROSCIENCE › NERVOUS SYSTEM › Brain, including Medulla: Cerebrospinal Fluid, PHYSIOLOGY › Electrophysiology
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Ergebn. inn. Med. Kinderheilk., 34, 342-456, 1928.
Japanese encephalitis distinguished from encephalitis lethargica.
Subjects: COUNTRIES, CONTINENTS AND REGIONS › Japan, EPIDEMIOLOGY, INFECTIOUS DISEASE › Neuroinfectious Diseases › Encephalitis, INFECTIOUS DISEASE › VECTOR-BORNE DISEASES › Mosquito-Borne Diseases › Japanese Encephalitis, NEUROLOGY › Inflammatory Conditions
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Arch. Anat. Physiol. wiss. Med., 343-81, 1858.
Schultze’s great monographs on the nerve-endings of the sense organs were of prime importance in the development of the science of histology. Besides that dealing with the internal ear, he wrote others dealing with the nose and the retina. See Nos. 936, 1512.
Subjects: ANATOMY › Microscopic Anatomy (Histology), OTOLOGY › Physiology of Hearing
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Z. rat. Med., 8, 1-52, 1849.
In this development of his theory of urinary secretion (see No. 1232) Ludwig made important observations on endosmosis.
Subjects: BIOCHEMISTRY, BIOLOGY › Cell Biology
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Arch. Anat. Physiol., Physiol. Abt., 135-45, 1902.
Subjects: CARDIOLOGY › CARDIOVASCULAR PHYSIOLOGY
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Arch. Anat. Physiol. tviss. Med., 482-85, 1838.
Important description of the pituitary.
Subjects: Ductless Glands: Internal Secretion › Pituitary
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Nove Acta phys.-med. Acad. Caes. Leopold nat. curios., Bonn, 12, 553-672, 1825.
Discovery of the Müllerian duct.
Subjects: EMBRYOLOGY
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Arch. klin. Chir., 29, 1-97, 1883.
Important classification of thyroid tumors; fetal adenoma is described on p. 40.
Subjects: ENDOCRINOLOGY › Thyroid
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Leipzig: S. Hirzel, 1907.
“Focal nephritis”. Löhlein established the importance of the initial inflammatory reaction in the glomerular capillaries in glomerulonephritis. Forms part 4 of Arb. path. Inst. Leipzig.
Subjects: NEPHROLOGY › Renal Disease
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Med. Klin., 7, 1921-27, 1911.
A notable paper on inflammation. Marchand succeeded Ziegler as editor of the latter’s Beiträge.
Subjects: PATHOLOGY
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Z. Geburtsh. Gynäk., 10, 156-62, 1884.
Subjects: OBSTETRICS & GYNECOLOGY › GYNECOLOGY
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Wien. med. Wschr., 31, col. 501-05, 525-29, Vienna, 1881.
The operation of enucleation of subperitoneal uterine fibroids by the vaginal route was introduced by Czerny. In the second paper the words “Fibromyome” and “Myomotomie” replace “Fibrome” and “Myoniotomie” in the title.
Subjects: OBSTETRICS & GYNECOLOGY › GYNECOLOGY
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Berlin: G. Reimer, 1847.
An epoch-making work which led the way to the acceptance of the fundamental physical doctrine of the conservation of energy.
Subjects: PHYSIOLOGY › Biophysics
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v. Graefe’s Arch. Ophthal., 21, Abt. iii, 206-337, 1875.
A record of Leber’s important studies on the disorders of the eye in diabetes.
Subjects: Metabolism & Metabolic Disorders › Diabetes, OPHTHALMOLOGY
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Pflüg. Arch. ges. Physiol., 15, 289-327, 1877.
After successfully tetanizing a nerve-muscle preparation, Bernstein inferred, from this and additional data, that nerve is exhausted in the process. This conflicted with the findings of Bowditch (No. 1281-82) and Vvedenskii (No. 1280).
Subjects: NEUROSCIENCE › NERVOUS SYSTEM › Peripheral Nerves / Nerve Impulses
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Verh. dtsch. Ges. Chir., 3, Heft 2, 76-89, 1874.
The first complete excision of the larynx for cancer, performed by Billroth on 31 December 1873 and reported by Gussenbauer. The patient left the hospital in good state on 3 March 1874. Also published in Arch. klin. Chir., 1874, 17, 343-56.
Subjects: ONCOLOGY & CANCER, OTORHINOLARYNGOLOGY (Ear, Nose, Throat) › Laryngology, SURGERY: General › Surgical Oncology
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Ber. k. sachs. Ges. Wiss. Lpz. 18, 85-110, 1866.
The “Lovén reflex”, vasodilatation of an organ when its afferent nerve is stimulated.
Subjects: NEUROSCIENCE › NERVOUS SYSTEM › Spinal Cord
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Tuberk.-Bibl., Heft 20, 1-72, 1925.
Mollgaard was responsible for the introduction of sanocrysin.
Subjects: INFECTIOUS DISEASE › Tuberculosis
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Berl. klin. Wschr., 21, 163-66, 1884.
First thyroidectomy for exophthalmic goitre. The operation reported was performed in 1880.
Subjects: ENDOCRINOLOGY › Thyroid
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Zbl Gynäk., 1, 297-307; 2, 25-39, 1877, 1878.
Hegar developed Battey’s operation (No. 6062) and employed it for the treatment of various ovarian conditions.
Subjects: OBSTETRICS & GYNECOLOGY › GYNECOLOGY
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Wiesbaden: J. Niedner, 1866.
Extraction of the lens in the closed capsule through a scleral incision, for the treatment of cataract.
Subjects: OPHTHALMOLOGY › Ocular Surgery & Procedures › Cataract
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Virchows Arch. path. Anat., 121, 176-81, 1890.
Rindfleisch made the first clear statement of the bone marrow changes in pernicious anemia.
Subjects: HEMATOLOGY › Anemia & Chlorosis
|
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Verh. dtsch. Ges. Chir., 3, 69-75, 1874.
Thiersch’s first paper on transplantation of skin. Simultaneous publication in Arch. klin. Chir., 1874, 17, 318-24. English translation in No. 5768.2.
Subjects: DERMATOLOGY, PLASTIC & RECONSTRUCTIVE SURGERY › Skin Grafting, TRANSPLANTATION › Skin Grafting
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Korrespbl. ärztl Ver. Thüringen, 17, 573-600, 1888.
Discovery of Salmonella enteritidis, a cause of food poisoning.
Subjects: BACTERIOLOGY › BACTERIA (mostly pathogenic; sometimes indexed only to genus) › Gram-Negative Bacteria › Salmonella, INFECTIOUS DISEASE › Food-Borne Diseases, INFECTIOUS DISEASE › Salmonellosis, MICROBIOLOGY, TOXICOLOGY
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Halle: H. W. Schmidt, 1854.
First description of tinea cruris (eczema marginatum, “Bärensprung’s disease”).
Subjects: DERMATOLOGY › Specific Dermatoses
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Z. klin. Med., 70, 1-20, 1910.
First experimental study of the electrocardiographic changes in bundle-branch block.
"Later, as professor and director of the internal clinic at the Allgemeines Krankenhaus in Vienna, Eppinger became one of the most notorious of Nazi doctors. In the Dachau concentration camp he and his colleague professor Wilhelm Beigelbock conducted cruel experiments on 90 Gypsy prisoners to test the potability of sea water. The Gypsies became so profoundly dehydrated that they were seen licking the floors after they were mopped just to get a drop of water. Having sea water as their only source of fluid, the Gypsies developed severe physical problems and died within six to twelve days.
"Eppinger was also notorious for his inhuman treatment of patients. On one occasion he brought a patient to the lecture theatre and introduced him to the students with the following words: "Nephritis can be compared with a tragedy in five acts and" – pointing to the patient – "this is the final act of the tragedy." The patient broke down in tears and was obviously distressed throughout the demonstration. (Otto Flemming)" (http://www.whonamedit.com/doctor.cfm/2815.html, accessed 02-2018).
Subjects: CARDIOLOGY › CARDIOVASCULAR PHYSIOLOGY › Cardiac Electrophysiology, CARDIOLOGY › Tests for Heart & Circulatory Function › Electrocardiography
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Berlin: A. Hirschwald, 1881.
Munk made important investigations on the functions of the temporal lobes.
Subjects: NEUROSCIENCE › NERVOUS SYSTEM › Brain, including Medulla: Cerebrospinal Fluid
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Pflüg. Arch. ges. Physiol. 8, 460-98. See No. 1364, 1874.
Subjects: NEUROSCIENCE › NERVOUS SYSTEM › Spinal Cord
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Z. Psychol. Physiol. Sinnesorg., 9, 81-123, 1896.
On the function of the retinal rods.
Subjects: OPHTHALMOLOGY › Physiology of Vision
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Wiesbaden: J. F. Bergmann, 1897 – 1909.
Bezold introduced important tests for audition.
Subjects: OTOLOGY › Audiology › Hearing Tests
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Pflüg. Arch. ges. Physiol., 46, 46-55, 1890.
Psycho-galvanic reflex described.
Subjects: NEUROSCIENCE › Neurophysiology, PHYSIOLOGY › Electrophysiology
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Pflüg. Arch. ges. Physiol, 59, 379-94, 1894 – 1895.
English translation in Loeb’s Studies in general physiology, Vol.l., Chicago, 1905.
Subjects: EMBRYOLOGY
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Dtsch. med. Wschr., 15, 254-57, 1889.
Küster and von Bergmann developed the Operation of radical mastoidectomy.
Subjects: NEUROSURGERY, OTOLOGY
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Dtsch. med. Wschr., 15, 185-87, 1889.
First thoracotomy for empyema.
Subjects: PULMONOLOGY › Thoracic Surgery, RESPIRATION › Respiratory Diseases
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Denkschr. k. Akad. Wiss. (Wien), math.-nat. Cl., 29, 299-326, 1868.
Investigation of the cutaneous distribution of the separate pairs of spinal nerves.
Subjects: NEUROSCIENCE › Neurophysiology
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Giessen: E. Heinemann, 1854.
Simon is perhaps best remembered as being the first in Europe to excise the kidney; he also wrote a fine monograph on vesico-vaginal fistula.
Subjects: OBSTETRICS & GYNECOLOGY › GYNECOLOGY › Vesicovaginal Fistula
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Arch. Gynäk., 2, 433-40, 1871.
“Litzmann’s obliquity” or posterior parietal presentation.
Subjects: OBSTETRICS & GYNECOLOGY › OBSTETRICS › Pelvis: Pelvic Anomalies
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J. Chir Augenheilk., 34, 1-90, 1845.
First description of corneal opacity.
Subjects: OPHTHALMOLOGY › Diseases of the Eye
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Ann. Phys. Chem. (Leipzig), 12, 583-606, 1837.
First quantitative analysis of the blood gases. Magnus proved that the arterial blood contains a higher concentration of oxygen than venous blood and that the latter had a higher carbon dioxide content.
Subjects: HEMATOLOGY › Blood Gases, RESPIRATION › Respiratory Physiology
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Wien. med. Wschr., 9, 518-20; 10, 257-61, 1859, 1860.
Czermak’s method of exploring the nose and nasopharynx with small mirrors.
Subjects: OTORHINOLARYNGOLOGY (Ear, Nose, Throat) › Laryngology › Laryngoscopy
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v. Graefes Arch. Ophthal., 3, 2 Abt., 456-560; 4, 2 Abt., 127-61;1862, 8, 2 Abt., 242-313, 1857, 1858.
Iridectomy for the treatment of glaucoma was introduced by Graefe.
Subjects: OPHTHALMOLOGY › Diseases of the Eye › Glaucoma
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Münch, med. Wschr., 49, 1090-95, 1902.
Following Landsteiner’s division of human blood into three groups (A, B and O which he named A, B, C), Decastello and Sturli discovered a fourth (the rarest) group, later named AB.
Subjects: HEMATOLOGY › Blood Groups
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Fortschr. Med., 2, 185-89, 1884.
Gram’s method of staining bacteria (Gram stain). While not all bacteria may be definitively classified in this way, it is almost always the first step in the preliminary identification of a bacterial organism.
Subjects: BACTERIOLOGY › Bacteria, Classification of, BACTERIOLOGY › Bacteriology, Laboratory techniques in, Laboratory Medicine
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Berl. klin. Wschr., 40, 956-59, 982-84, 1903.
English translation in Ehrlich, Studies in immunity, 1910.
Subjects: IMMUNOLOGY, TOXICOLOGY › Venoms
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Dtsch. Arch. klin. Med., 34, 467-519, 1884.
Progressive muscular dystrophy (“Erb’s muscular atrophy”). Erb did much to establish the modern conception of the muscular dystrophies.
Subjects: NEUROLOGY › Child Neurology, NEUROLOGY › Myopathies, PEDIATRICS
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Berlin: Julius Springer, 1928.
Subjects: BIOCHEMISTRY
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Pflüg. Arch. ges. Physiol, 121, 636-40, 1908.
Subjects: BIOCHEMISTRY
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Med. Klin., 12, 897-98, 1916.
Injection treatment of varicose veins was introduced by Linser.
Subjects: VASCULAR SURGERY
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Vienna: J. Geissinger, 1803.
Schmidt was Professor of Ophthalmology at Vienna. Digital facsimile from Google Books at this link.
Subjects: OPHTHALMOLOGY
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N. Notiz. Geb. Nat. Heilk. 38, col. 105-10; 39, col. 265-70, 1846.
Subjects: DERMATOLOGY › Specific Dermatoses
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v. Graefes Arch. Ophthal., 20, 2 Abt., 249-68; 25, 1 Abt., 1-56, 1874 – 1879.
Important studies on the partial decussation of optic paths.
Subjects: OPHTHALMOLOGY › Physiology of Vision
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Arch. Ohrenheilk., n.F. 1, 157-87, 1873.
These workers helped to revive the mastoid operation (which had fallen into disuse), placing it on a modern basis. They described the method of opening the ear by chiselling, “Schwartze’s operation”.
Subjects: OTOLOGY › Otologic Surgery & Procedures
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Verh. jap. path. Ges. 6, 169-78; 7, 191-96, 1916, 1917.
First experimental production of tar cancer in rabbits by painting with tar products. This was the first proof of chemical carcinogenesis.
Subjects: OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH & MEDICINE , ONCOLOGY & CANCER, TOXICOLOGY
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Berlin: Druckerei d. k. Akad, 1840.
Subjects: COMPARATIVE ANATOMY
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Z. klin. Med., 2, 79-96, 1881.
Basch’s important modifications of the methods of blood-pressure recording mark the beginning of clinical sphygmomanometry. English translation in Ruskin (No. 3160.1).
Subjects: CARDIOLOGY › CARDIOVASCULAR PHYSIOLOGY
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S. B. phys.-med. Ges. Wurzburg, Neue Folge 2, XVI-XVII, 1870.
Fick principle for the calculation of cardiac output based on measuring the minute volume of oxygen consumption and the arteriovenous oxygen difference. Digital facsimile from the Hathi Trust at this link.
Subjects: CARDIOLOGY › CARDIOVASCULAR PHYSIOLOGY
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Dtsch. Med. Wschr., 12, 49-52, 1886.
Ehrlich’s method of intravital staining.
Subjects: ANATOMY › Microscopic Anatomy (Histology)
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Münch, med. Wschr., 57, 2090-92, 1910.
Jacobaeus adapted the cystoscope for the study of the interior of the body; this led to the introduction of the thoracoscope.
Subjects: INSTRUMENTS & TECHNOLOGIES, PULMONOLOGY
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Bull. Acad. imp. Sci. St. Petersburg, 3, 67-70, 1892.
The Russian botanist Ivanovski demonstrated that the agent responsible for tobacco mosaic disease could pass through the finest filter then available. This was the starting point of research into the etiology of virus diseases. An English version is in Phytopathological Classics (American Phytopathological Society), No. 7, pp. 25-30, Ithaca, N.Y., 1942. See No. 2503.1.
Subjects: PHARMACOLOGY › PHARMACEUTICALS › Botanic Sources of Single Component Drugs › Tobacco, VIROLOGY, VIROLOGY › VIRUSES (by Family) › Virgaviridae, VIROLOGY › VIRUSES (by Family) › Virgaviridae › Tobacco Mosaic Virus
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Landw. VersSta., 32, 450-67, 1886.
Mayer was first to describe and name tobacco mosaic disease and to demonstrate its infectious nature, that it could be transferred between plants, similar to bacterial infections. Translation in Phytopathological Classics, No. 7, pp. 9-24, Ithaca, 1942. See No. 2506.2.
Subjects: INFECTIOUS DISEASE, PHARMACOLOGY › PHARMACEUTICALS › Botanic Sources of Single Component Drugs › Tobacco, VIROLOGY › VIRUSES (by Family) › Virgaviridae › Tobacco Mosaic Virus
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Berlin: August Hirschwald, 1882.
One of Virchow’s distinguished pupils, von Recklinghausen gave a classic description of neurofibromatosis, adding much to the knowledge of the condition, which later became known as “Recklinghausen’s disease”. The article first appeared as a contribution to the Virchow Festschrift, also published in 1882. See No. 4566.
Subjects: DERMATOLOGY › Specific Dermatoses, NEUROLOGY › Diseases of the Nervous System, NEUROLOGY › Diseases of the Nervous System › Neurofibromatosis
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Wien. klin. Wschr., 13, 114-15, 1900.
Isolation of Lactobacillus acidophilus.
Subjects: BACTERIOLOGY › BACTERIA (mostly pathogenic; sometimes indexed only to genus) › Gram-Positive Bacteria › Lactobacillus , PHARMACOLOGY › PHARMACEUTICALS › Probiotics
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Z. Biol., 19, 159-208, 1883.
Kühne and Chittenden isolated and named several new substances during their investigation of the products of digestion. See also the same journal, 1884, 20, 11-51; 1886, 22, 409-58; 1889, 25, 358-67.
Subjects: GASTROENTEROLOGY › Anatomy & Physiology of Digestion
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Virchows Arch. path. Anat., 15, 217-336, 1858.
Virchow’s great work on the pathology of syphilis confirmed the fact that it was a disease which involved all organs and tissues of the body and showed that the causal organism was transferred through the blood to the various organs and tissues. Issued as offprint, Berlin, 1859.
Subjects: INFECTIOUS DISEASE › SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES › Syphilis
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Nachr. Ges. Wiss. Göttíngen, math.-fis. Kl., Fachgr. 6, 1, 189-245, 1935.
This paper is divided into four sections. The first, by Timofeev-Ressovskij, describes the mutagenic effects of x-rays and gamma rays on Drosophila melanogaster; the second part, by Zimmer, analyzes Timofeev-Ressovskij's results theoretically. The third and most remarkable section, by Delbrück, puts forth a model of genetic mutation based on atomic physics. It represents Delbrück's debut in biology. This has been called the “green paper”, referring to the color of the paper cover of the Nachrichten, and also the Dreimännerarbeit of genetics, for the three authors involved. This paper provided much of the material for Erwin Schrodinger's What is life? (1944), a work that takes a "naive physicist's" approach to the problems of heredity and variation; Shrodinger's book is often cited as having inspired Watson, Crick, Wilkins and others to focus their careers on the problems of molecular biology.
Digital facsimile of the 1935 paper from Universität Zurich at this link. English translation of the complete paper with commentary and six essays in Creating a Physical Biology. The Three-Man Paper and Early Molecular Biology, edited by Phillip R. Sloan and Brandon Fogel (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2011).
Subjects: BIOLOGY › MOLECULAR BIOLOGY, GENETICS / HEREDITY
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Dtsch. Z. Nervenheilk., 30, 462-92, 1906.
First description of pyknolepsy.
Subjects: NEUROLOGY › Epilepsy, PEDIATRICS
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Vjschr. Derm. Syph. 14, 1049-75, 1887.
“Giovanni’s disease”. He described the developmental defect of hair follicles known as pili multigemini.
Subjects: DERMATOLOGY › Specific Dermatoses
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Arch. Anat. Physiol., Physiol. Abt., 157-64; 194-203, 1893, 1894.
Subjects: BIOCHEMISTRY, BIOLOGY › MOLECULAR BIOLOGY › Nucleic Acids
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Arch. klin. Chir., 86, 686-700, 1908.
Pulmonary embolectomy first attempted, “Trendelenburg’s operation” – first successfully performed by Kirschner (see No. 3016).
Subjects: CARDIOVASCULAR (Cardiac) SURGERY, PULMONOLOGY › Thoracic Surgery, VASCULAR SURGERY › Thrombosis / Embolism
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Schriften Univ. Kiel, (1875), Diss. Nr. 2, pp. 20, 1876.
Account of first pericardiocentesis for suppurative pericarditis.
Subjects: CARDIOVASCULAR (Cardiac) SURGERY
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Virchows Arch. path. Anat., 79, 87-123, 1880.
First description (p. 106) of myocardial infarction. Leibowitz called this "the most significant contribution by a pathologist to the history of coronary heart disease." He also wrote, "This work not only provides a general description of myocardial changes following a coronary thrombosis, but also includes a very important detail, namely that of the destruction of cell nuclei. Likewise it stresses also the clinical history, since pathological findings largely depend upon the time factor" (Leibowitz, History of coronary heart disease).
Subjects: CARDIOLOGY › CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE › Coronary Artery Disease › Myocardial Infarction
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Berl. klin. Wschr., 32, 364-68, 1895.
Subjects: GENETICS / HEREDITY › HEREDITARY / CONGENITAL DISEASES OR DISORDERS › Inherited Metabolic Disorders › Pentosuria, Metabolism & Metabolic Disorders
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Pflüg. Arch. ges. Physiol., 18, 169-71, 1878.
Subjects: ANATOMY › 19th Century, GASTROENTEROLOGY › Anatomy & Physiology of Digestion
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Leipzig: Wilhelm Engelmann, 1862.
Kühne described the neuromuscular end organ (“Kühne’s spindle”) and introduced the term “telolemma” for the outer covering of its sheath.
Subjects: NEUROSCIENCE › NERVOUS SYSTEM › Peripheral Nerves / Nerve Impulses
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Z. rat. Med., 5, 76-132, 1846.
Includes (pp. 76-77) a description of what is probably the first perfusion of the isolated heart.
Subjects: CARDIOLOGY › CARDIOVASCULAR PHYSIOLOGY
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Zbl. Bakt., Abt. I, 21, 769-77, 1897.
Ogata considered the flea (principally Xenopsylla cheopis) to be the principal, if not the sole, vector of bubonic plague infection.
Subjects: COUNTRIES, CONTINENTS AND REGIONS › China, People's Republic of, EPIDEMIOLOGY, INFECTIOUS DISEASE › VECTOR-BORNE DISEASES › Flea-Borne Diseases › Plague (transmitted by fleas from rats to humans), PUBLIC HEALTH
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Coblenz: J. Hölscher, 1826.
Müller’s early studies on specific nerve energies are included in the above work. Later he stated, in his Handbuch der Physiologie, Coblenz, 1840, 2, 258, his law of specific nerve energies – each nerve of special sense, however excited, gives rise to its own peculiar sensation.
Subjects: Neurophysiology, PSYCHOLOGY › Sensation / Perception
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Strassburg, Austria: Karl J. Trübner, 1918.
Medicines and poisons in the Iliad and Odyssey.
Subjects: LITERATURE / Philosophy & Medicine & Biology › Poetry › Homer , PHARMACOLOGY › History of Pharmacology & Pharmaceuticals, TOXICOLOGY › History of Toxicology
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Skand. Arch. Physiol., 70, 10-87, 1934.
Preparation of crystalline secretin.
Subjects: GASTROENTEROLOGY › Anatomy & Physiology of Digestion, PHARMACOLOGY › Pharmacodynamics
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Wien. med. Presse, 39, col. 534-38, 1898.
First x-ray demonstration of gall-stones.
Subjects: HEPATOLOGY › Diseases of the Gallbladder, Biliary Tract, & Pancreas › Gallstones, IMAGING › X-ray
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Pflüg. Arch. ges. Physiol., 3, 172-92, 1870.
Goltz demonstrated the relation of vertigo and vestibular disturbance, showing that the former is a result of disease or irritation of the semicircular canals.
Subjects: OTOLOGY › Vestibular System, OTOLOGY › Vestibular System › Vertigo
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Pflüg. Arch. ges. Physiol. 21, 38-77, 1880.
Anrep studied the action of cocaine and, like Moréno y Maïz, suggested that it might be used as a local anesthetic.
Subjects: ANESTHESIA › Cocaine, PHARMACOLOGY › PHARMACEUTICALS › Botanic Sources of Single Component Drugs › Coca
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Verh. dtsch. Ges. Chir., 32, pt. 2, 105-15, 1904.
Sauerbruch’s negative pressure chamber for the prevention of pneumothorax.
Subjects: RESPIRATION › Respiratory Diseases
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Jena Morphol. Arb. 7, 95-116, 1897.
Subjects: NEUROSCIENCE › NERVOUS SYSTEM › Peripheral Autonomic Nervous System
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Z. ImmunForsch., 79, 1-26, 1933.
Prophylactic vaccination against leptospirosis.
Subjects: BACTERIOLOGY › BACTERIA (mostly pathogenic; sometimes indexed only to genus) › Spirochetes › Leptospira, IMMUNOLOGY › Immunization, INFECTIOUS DISEASE › Leptospiroses
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Leipzig: A. T. Engelhardt, 1890.
Subjects: OBSTETRICS & GYNECOLOGY › GYNECOLOGY
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Wien. med. Wschr., 44, 1113-5, 1169-72, 1209-10, 1256-8, 1297-1301, 1894.
Maydl’s operation, uretero-intestinal anastomosis.
Subjects: UROLOGY
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Virchows Arch. path. Anat., 171, 141-67, 1903.
“Mönckeberg’s sclerosis”. He described a form of medial sclerosis of the blood-vessels of the extremities. See also his later papers in Klin. Wschr.,1942, 52,1473-78, 1521-26.
Subjects: CARDIOLOGY › CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE › Arterial Disease
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Arch. klin. Chir., 13, 65-69, 1872.
First resection of the esophagus.
Subjects: Thoracic Surgery
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Ann. Chem. Pharm (Heidelberg), Suppl. 2, 1-52, 1862 – 1863.
Subjects: RESPIRATION
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Dtsch. med. Wschr., 26, 637-39, 1900.
Further work on dysentery by Kruse led to the coupling of his name with Shiga to designate both the “Shiga–Kruse bacillus” and “Shiga–Kruse disease”.
Subjects: BACTERIOLOGY › BACTERIA (mostly pathogenic; sometimes indexed only to genus) › Gram-Negative Bacteria › Shigella , INFECTIOUS DISEASE › Bacillary Dysentery
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Arch. mikr. Anat., 1, 309-35, 1865.
Proof that the spermatozöon possesses a nucleus and cytoplasm.
Subjects: BIOLOGY › Cell Biology, Genito-Urinary System
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Virchows Arch. path. Anat., 87, 319-24, 1882.
Isolation of Klebsiella pneumoniae (“Friedländer bacillus”), which Friedländer regarded as the causal organism in all cases of lobar pneumonia.
Subjects: BACTERIOLOGY › BACTERIA (mostly pathogenic; sometimes indexed only to genus) › Gram-Negative Bacteria › Klebsiella pneumoniae, INFECTIOUS DISEASE › Pneumonia, RESPIRATION › Respiratory Diseases
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Z. klin. Med., 7, 459-86, 539-80, 1884.
A comprehensive account of the schlerosis of the coronary arteries and the morbid states arising from them, including a historical review of the problems.
Subjects: CARDIOLOGY › CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE › Coronary Artery Disease
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Z. Hyg. InfektKr., 17, 355-400; 18, 1-16, 1894, 1895.
Pfeiffer and Isayev recorded the occurrence of bacteriolysis in cholera vibrios under certain conditions: immune bacteriolysis, “Pfeiffer’s phenomenon”. Abridged English translation of second part in Bibel, Milestones in immunology (1988).
Subjects: BACTERIOLOGY › Bacteriolysis, IMMUNOLOGY, INFECTIOUS DISEASE › Cholera
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Arb. Physiol. Anst. Leipzig, (1874), 9, 223-91, 1875.
Stirling, a pupil of Ludwig, became a great teacher of physiology. His paper on the summation of electrical stimuli to the skin was a prize thesis.
Subjects: PHYSIOLOGY › Electrophysiology
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Verh, dtsch. path. Ges., (1903), 6, 137-63, 1904.
Subjects: CARDIOLOGY › CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE › Heart & Aorta, Diseases of, INFECTIOUS DISEASE › SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES › Syphilis
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Z. Geburtsh. Gynäk., 6, 213-30, 1881.
Subjects: OBSTETRICS & GYNECOLOGY › GYNECOLOGY, ONCOLOGY & CANCER, SURGERY: General › Surgical Oncology
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Arch. Anat. Physiol. wiss. Med., 461-82; Ann. Phys. Chem., 87, 45-66, 1852.
Subjects: OPHTHALMOLOGY › Physiology of Vision
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Med. CorrespBl. württemb. ärztl. Vereins, 37, 199-205, 1867.
Sick is credited with being the first to notice symptoms of loss of thyroid function following thyroidectomy. According to Halsted, the above is the first report of total thyroidectomy and “the first report of the condition which we now recognize as status thyreoprivus”.
Subjects: ENDOCRINOLOGY › Thyroid
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Zbl. Bakt., I Abt. Orig., 41, 320-26, 1906.
Transmission of syphilis to rabbits.
Subjects: INFECTIOUS DISEASE › SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES › Syphilis
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Verh. dtsch. Ges. Chir., 22, pt. 2, 46-51, 1893.
Krause popularized the use of whole thickness skin grafts. English translation in No. 5768.2.
Subjects: PLASTIC & RECONSTRUCTIVE SURGERY › Skin Grafting, TRANSPLANTATION › Skin Grafting
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Virchows Arch. path. Anat., 18, 561-72, 1860.
The intestinal and muscular forms of trichinosis were first noted by Zenker, who established their connection with the disease. English translation in Kean (No. 2268.1).
Subjects: INFECTIOUS DISEASE › DISEASES DUE TO METAZOAN PARASITES, INFECTIOUS DISEASE › Food-Borne Diseases › Trichinosis, PARASITOLOGY › Trichinella
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Beitr. klin. Chir., 7, 195-210, 1890.
“Trendelenburg’s operation” – ligation of the great saphenous vein for the treatment of varicose veins in the leg. Reprinted, with translation, in Med. Classics, 1940, 4,989-1023. The paper also describes his test for insuffiency of the valves, a procedure previously described by Brodie (No. 2995).
Subjects: VASCULAR SURGERY
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Pflüg. Arch. ges. Physiol., 1, 61-106, 1868.
Pflüger investigated the cause of the initiation of respiration in newborn animals. English translation in No. 1588.16.
Subjects: RESPIRATION
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Arch. Gynäk., 48, 393-421, 1895.
“Mackenrodt’s ligaments”, the uterosacral ligaments.
Subjects: Genito-Urinary System
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Arch. exp. Path. Pharmak., 17, 419-44, 1883.
Stadelmann studied ammonia excretion in diabetes and noted an acid substance in the urine, which Minkowski (No. 3947) showed to be ß-oxybutyric acid. Stadelmann recognized that diabetic coma was the result of the increased formation and accumulation of acids.
Subjects: Metabolism & Metabolic Disorders › Diabetes
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Allg. Z. Psychiat., 48, 197-98, 1892.
Subjects: NEUROSCIENCE › NERVOUS SYSTEM › Peripheral Nerves / Nerve Impulses
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Ann. Pharm. (Heidelberg), 1, 182-230, 1832.
Discovery, in 1831, of chloroform and chloral. Independently chloroform was discovered by Souberian and by Guthrie.
Subjects: ANESTHESIA › Chloroform, Chemistry
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Vienna: W. Braumüller, 1875.
English translation by Charles S. Turnbull as Injuries of the eye and their medico-legal aspect. (Philadelpha. 1878). Digital facsimile of the 1875 edition from the Internet Archive at this link; of the 1878 edition from the Hathi Trust at this link.
Subjects: Forensic Medicine (Legal Medicine), OPHTHALMOLOGY › Diseases of the Eye
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Wien. med. Wschr., 36, 1073-77, 1110-14, 1886.
Von Hacker’s method of gastrostomy.
Subjects: GASTROENTEROLOGY › Esophagus: Stomach: Duodenum: Intestines, SURGERY: General › Upper Gastrointestinal Surgery
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Berlin: Sittenfeld, 1837.
First description of the visceral arches in vertebrates.
Subjects: EMBRYOLOGY
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Arch. Ohrenheilk., 68, 1-30, 1906.
Bárány’s caloric test for labyrinthine function.
Subjects: OTOLOGY › Audiology › Hearing Tests, OTOLOGY › Physiology of Hearing
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Zool. Anz. 1, 54-5., 1878.
Bates’s theory of mimicry did not account for the superficial resemblances between two or more unpalatable species. Müller explained such mimicry, known today as “Müllerian mimicry”. A predator must learn which potential prey are palatable. The coloration of an unpalatable species serves as warning colouration to predators. When warning colouration is shared by two or more unpalatable species, the warning colours are recognized more quickly by the predator and the number of individuals destroyed in each species is reduced while the predator learns. Müller's account contained one of the earliest uses of a mathematical argument in evolutionary ecology to show how powerful the effect of natural selection would be:
"Instead of a general deduction, which is by the way extremely simple, I give an example. There may in a certain area live two unpalatable species; 10,000 individuals of the first species, and 2000 of the second. The predators living in the same area may eat per year 1200 individuals of each [distinct] unpalatable species per year until they avoid it as such. Each species would lose this many if they appeared different; but if they are very similar so that experience with one species benefits the other, then the first species will lose 1000 and the second 200 individuals. The first species therefore will gain because of its similarity 200 individuals, or 2 % of the total number, the second will however gain 1000 individuals, which is 50% of the total number - from this consideration it follows further that probably in some cases (for example Thyridia and Ituna) the question which one of both species is the original and which one is the copy is an irrelevant question; each had an advantage from becoming similar to the other; they could have converged on each other" (http://www.ucl.ac.uk/taxome/jim/Mim/muller1878.html, accessed 03-2018).
Subjects: BIOLOGY, COMPUTING/MATHEMATICS in Medicine & Biology, EVOLUTION
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Samml. klin. Vortr., Leipzig, n.F., Nr. 268 (Gynäk. Nr. 97),, 1900, 1735 – 1756.
“Pfannenstiel’s incision”.
Subjects: OBSTETRICS & GYNECOLOGY › GYNECOLOGY
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Arch. Anat. Physiol, wiss. Med, 144-64, 1848.
Helmholtz showed the muscles to be the principal source of animal heat.
Subjects: PHYSIOLOGY
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Dtsch. Z. Nervenheilk., 12, 115-49, 1898.
“Westphal-Strümpell disease” – pseudosclerosis of the brain. (See also No. 4702.) Probably cases of Kinnier Wilson’s disease.
Subjects: NEUROLOGY › Degenerative Disorders
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Schweiz, med Wschr. 2, 525-29, 1921.
Subjects: PHARMACOLOGY › PHARMACEUTICALS › Ergot › Ergotamine
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Zbl. med. Wiss., 25, 145-8, 1887.
Introduction of phenacetin.
Subjects: PHARMACOLOGY › PHARMACEUTICALS
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Berl. klin. Wschr., 28, 953-56, 1891.
Guttmann and Ehrlich demonstrated methylene blue to be lethal in vitro for the malaria parasite – the beginning of Ehrlich’s work on chemotherapy.
Subjects: INFECTIOUS DISEASE › VECTOR-BORNE DISEASES › Mosquito-Borne Diseases › Malaria, PARASITOLOGY › Plasmodia › P. vivax, P. falciparum, P. malariae, P. ovale, and P. knowlesi, PHARMACOLOGY › Chemotherapy
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Pflüg. Arch. ges. Physiol., 5, 309-18, 1872.
Study of the effect of poisons on the nerves of the submaxillary gland.
Subjects: GASTROENTEROLOGY › Anatomy & Physiology of Digestion, TOXICOLOGY › Neurotoxicology
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Dtsch. Arch. klin. Med., 93, 331-55, Lancet, 1908.
Introduction of cinchophen in the treatment of gout.
Subjects: RHEUMATOLOGY › Gout (Podagra)
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Berlin: Voss, 1793.
Soemmerring enumerated the bad effects of tight corsets on the internal organs of women. His book created much interest and resulted in a great decline in the fad of tight lacing and hoop skirts. This is the second edition, with one copperplate illustration at the end. The first, unillustrated, edition was published at Leipzig, 1788. Digital facsimile of the 1793 edition from the Internet Archive at this link.
Subjects: OBSTETRICS & GYNECOLOGY › GYNECOLOGY
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Berl. Klin. Wschr., 39, 886-90, 918-22, 1902.
While in Germany Kyes showed lecithin to be a complement of cobra-hemolysin. English translation in Ehrlich, Studies in immunity, 1910.
Subjects: TOXICOLOGY › Venoms
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Münch. med. Wschr. 51, 1466-68, 1904.
Subjects: CARDIOLOGY › CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE, PHARMACOLOGY › PHARMACEUTICALS › Botanic Sources of Single Component Drugs › Digitalis, PHARMACOLOGY › PHARMACEUTICALS › Cardiovascular Medications
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Verh. Congr. inn. Med., 2, 139-54, 1883.
First account of Corynebacterium diphtheriae (Klebs–Loeffler bacillus), causal organism in diphtheria, discovered by Klebs.
Subjects: BACTERIOLOGY › BACTERIA (mostly pathogenic; sometimes indexed only to genus) › Gram-Positive Bacteria › Corynebacterium diphtheriae, INFECTIOUS DISEASE › Diphtheria
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Münch. med. Wschr., 45, 844-47, 1898.
Introduction of direct bronchoscopy.
Subjects: PULMONOLOGY › Bronchoscopy
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Ber. dtsch. chem. Ges. 19, 2806-14, 1886.
Preparation of sulphonal.
Subjects: PHARMACOLOGY › PHARMACEUTICALS
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Dtsch. Arch. klin. Med., 28, 143-242, 1881.
“Ebstein’s disease”, hyaline degeneration and necrosis of the epithelial cells of the renal tubules, sometimes seen in diabetes mellitus.
Subjects: Genito-Urinary System › Kidney: Urinary Secretion, Metabolism & Metabolic Disorders › Diabetes
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Z. ges. Neurol. Psychiat., 64, 147-228, 1921.
“Creutzfeld-Jakob disease”, spastic pseudosclerosis. Traditionally considered to have been independently discovered by Creutzfeld, but in the 21st century recognized as a discovery by Jakob alone. See also No. 4719.1.
Subjects: INFECTIOUS DISEASE › Prion Diseases, NEUROLOGY › Degenerative Disorders
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Fortschr. Röntgenstr., 23, 12-18, 1915 – 1916.
Schüller described two more cases of the condition to which his name, with those of Hand and Christian, has been attached.
Subjects: Conditions & Syndromes Not Classified Elsewhere
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Arch. Psychiat. Nervenkr., 21, 636-40, 1890.
“Pick’s bundle” of nerve fibres in the medulla oblongata.
Subjects: NEUROSCIENCE › NERVOUS SYSTEM › Brain, including Medulla: Cerebrospinal Fluid
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Verh. k. Acad. Wet. Amst., 65 (2), 3-21, 1898.
Beijerinck confirmed the findings of Ivanovski. He showed that the tobacco mosaic virus would diffuse through agar. "Like Ivanovsky before him and Adolf Mayer, predecessor at Wageningen, Beijerinck could not culture the filterable infectious agent; however, he concluded that the agent can replicate and multiply in living plants. He named the new pathogen virus to indicate its non-bacterial nature. Beijerinck asserted that the virus was somewhat liquid in nature, calling it "contagium vivum fluidum" (contagious living fluid). It was not until the first crystals of the tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) obtained by Wendell Stanley in 1935, the first electron micrographs of TMV produced in 1939 and the first X-ray crystallographic analysis of TMV performed in 1941 proved that the virus was particulate" (Wikipedia article on Martinus Beijerinck, accessed 5-2020).
Translation in Phytopathological Classics, 1942, No. 7.
Subjects: VIROLOGY, VIROLOGY › VIRUSES (by Family) › Virgaviridae › Tobacco Mosaic Virus
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Wien. med. Wschr., 20, 1-5, 1870.
Rhinoscleroma is considered a tropical disease, mostly endemic to Africa and Central America, and less common in the United States.
Subjects: OTORHINOLARYNGOLOGY (Ear, Nose, Throat) › Rhinology, TROPICAL Medicine
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Arch. Anat. Physiol. wiss. Med., 435-36, 1841.
Valentin was the first to discover a trypanosome; this was in a salmon. English translation in Kean (No. 2268.1).
Subjects: INFECTIOUS DISEASE › VECTOR-BORNE DISEASES › Triatomine Bug-Borne Diseases › Chagas Disease (American Trypanosomiasis) , PARASITOLOGY › Trypanosoma
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Berl. klin. Wschr., 54, 613-14, 1917.
Meinicke diagnostic reaction.
Subjects: INFECTIOUS DISEASE › SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES › Syphilis
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Dtsch. med. Wschr., 39, 873-76; 40, 1139, 1913, 1914.
Toxin–antitoxin for immunization against diphtheria.
Subjects: IMMUNOLOGY › Immunization, IMMUNOLOGY › Toxin-Antitoxin, INFECTIOUS DISEASE › Diphtheria
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Wien. med. Wschr., 13, 84-87, 102-04, 117-19, 148-52, 1863.
Politzer’s method of effecting permeability of the Eustachian tube.
Subjects: OTOLOGY › Otologic Surgery & Procedures
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Berl. klin. Wschr., 45, 1847-49., 1908.
Doerr showed the relation of phlebotomus fever to the sandfly, Phlebotomus.
Subjects: EPIDEMIOLOGY, INFECTIOUS DISEASE › VECTOR-BORNE DISEASES › Sandfly-Borne Diseases › Phlebotomus (Pappataci) Fever, VIROLOGY › VIRUSES (by Family) › Phenuviridae, VIROLOGY › VIRUSES (by Family) › Phenuviridae › Phlebovirus
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Arch. klin. Chir., 56, 819-26, 1898.
Important work on surgical treatment of hydatids of the liver. Originally appeared in Russian in Khirurgiya, 1898, 3, 3-9.
Subjects: HEPATOLOGY › Diseases of the Liver
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Biochem. Z., 254, 438-58, 1932.
Subjects: BIOCHEMISTRY
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Abh. k. sächs. Ges. Wiss. (Lpz.), maths.-phys. Cl., (1858), 4, 455-532, 1859.
Fechner–Weber law on stimulus and sensation. See also Nos. 1457 & 4972.
Subjects: PSYCHOLOGY › Psychophysics, PSYCHOLOGY › Sensation / Perception
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Dtsch. med. Wschr., 28, 895-97, 1902.
Subjects: INFECTIOUS DISEASE › SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES › Syphilis
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Arch. Psychiat. Nervenkr., 17, 217-38, 1886.
“Strümpell’s disease” – hereditary spastic spinal paralysis, previously described by Erb and by Charcot.
Subjects: GENETICS / HEREDITY › HEREDITARY / CONGENITAL DISEASES OR DISORDERS › Inherited Neurological Disorders, GENETICS / HEREDITY › HEREDITARY / CONGENITAL DISEASES OR DISORDERS › Inherited Neurological Disorders › Hereditary Spastic Periplegia, NEUROLOGY › Degenerative Disorders
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Dtsch. med. Wschr., 5, 303-07, 415-18, 431-36, 447-50, 1879.
First description of “Winckel’s disease” of the newborn, characterized by icterus, hemorrhage, hemoglobinuria, and cyanosis.
Subjects: HEMATOLOGY › Blood Disorders
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Dtsch. Arch. klin. Med., 1, 484-518, 1866.
First description of periarteritis nodosa.
Subjects: CARDIOLOGY › CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE › Arterial Disease
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Dtsch. med. Wschr., 42, 1535-36, 1916.
“Reiter’s syndrome”, a disease of males characterized by initial diarrhea, urethritis, conjunctivitis, and arthritis. Reiter was a German Nazi physician and war criminal who conducted medical experiments at Buchenwald. He wrote a book on "racial hygiene" entitled Deutsches Gold, Gesundes Leben - Frohes Schaffen (1942)
"During World War I, Reiter worked first as a German military physician on the Western Front in France. While there, he cared for several soldiers suffering from Weil's disease, and made his first notable discovery that one of the causative bacteria were Leptospira icterohaemorrhagica, which had eluded culture methods and identification by other scientists ever since that disease had been recognized in 1886.[3] Later, after being transferred to the Balkans, where he served in the 1st Hungarian Army, he reported a German lieutenant with non-gonococcal urethritis, arthritis, and uveitis that developed two days after a diarrheal illness and had a protracted course with relapses over several months. The combination of two of the elements, urethritis and arthritis, had been recognized in the 16th century, and the triad had first been reported by Sir Benjamin Collins Brodie, an English surgeon who lived from 1783 to 1862. Separately from Reiter, the triad was also reported in 1916 by Fiessinger and Leroy.[4] Reiter thought he saw a spirochete which he called Treponema forans, related to but distinct from Treponema pallidum, the causative agent of syphilis, and erroneously thought it was the cause, calling the disease Spirochaetosis Arthritica.[5][6] The error probably was influenced by his previous discovery of Leptospira icterohaemorrhagica, and by his work on Treponema pallidum that later enabled others to develop the "Reiter Complement Fixation Test" for syphilis.[2] Nevertheless, the eponym Reiter's syndrome was used for the disease he described, and the syndrome became widely known by that name.[7][8]"
"In 1977, a group of doctors began a campaign to replace the term "Reiter's syndrome" with "reactive arthritis". In addition to Reiter's war crimes, they pointed out that he was not the first to describe the syndrome, nor were his conclusions correct regarding its pathogenesis.[10] Reiter incorrectly concluded that the triad of conjunctivitis, urethritis, and non-gonococcal arthritis was the result of a spirochetal infection and proposed the name "Spirochaetosis arthrosis".[11] The group of doctors was joined by Dr. Ephraim Engleman, one of the authors on the first English-language journal article that used the term "Reiter's syndrome," who was still practicing 65 years later and had been unaware of his Nazi connections at the time he suggested the eponym. The campaign gradually gained momentum, and the term "Reiter's syndrome" has become increasingly anachronistic and has fallen out of favor.[12][13]" (Wikipedia article on Hans Reiter (physician), accessed 3-2020).
See also No. 6370.
Subjects: Conditions & Syndromes Not Classified Elsewhere, OPHTHALMOLOGY › Diseases of the Eye › Conjunctivitis, RHEUMATOLOGY › Arthritis
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Arch. Psychiat. Nervenkr., 14, 87-134, 1883.
“Westphal’s pseudosclerosis”. Later Strümpell’s description of this condition (No. 4709) led to the eponym “Westphal–Strumpell disease”.
Subjects: NEUROLOGY › Degenerative Disorders
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Zbl. med. Wiss., 17, 497-500, 1879.
Discovery of the gonococcus – causal organism in gonorrhoea.
Subjects: BACTERIOLOGY › BACTERIA (mostly pathogenic; sometimes indexed only to genus) › Gram-Negative Bacteria › Gonococcus, INFECTIOUS DISEASE › SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES › Gonorrhoea & Trichomonas Infection
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Münch, med. Wschr., 55, 216-18; 2025-28, 1908.
Moro’s percutaneous tuberculin reaction, employed as a diagnostic measure.
Subjects: INFECTIOUS DISEASE › Tuberculosis, Laboratory Medicine › Diagnostic Skin Tests
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Dtsch. med. Wschr., 21, Vereine-Beilage, 14, 1895.
Subjects: INFECTIOUS DISEASE › Mycosis
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Allg. Z. Psychiat., 64, 146-48, 1907.
“Alzheimer’s disease” –presenile dementia. Preliminary note in Neurol. Zbl., 1906, 25, 1134. English translation in Arch. neurol., 1969, 21, 109-110, and in K. Bick (ed.) The early story of Alzheimer’s disease, New York, Raven Press, [1987].
Subjects: NEUROLOGY › Degenerative Disorders › Presenile or Senile Dementia
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Arch. Derm. Syph. (Wien), 58, 145-158, 1901.
In his important paper on granulosis rubra nasi, Jadassohn gave the condition its present name. Previously Pringle, 1894, and Luithlen, 1900, had described probable cases.
Subjects: DERMATOLOGY › Specific Dermatoses
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Verh. dtsch. derm. Ges., 2-3, 342-58, 1890 – 1892.
“Jadassohn’s disease” – maculo-papular erythrodermia; Anetoderma erythematosum of Jadassohn.
Subjects: DERMATOLOGY › Specific Dermatoses
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Z. ges. Neurol. Psychiat., 57, 1-18, 1920.
Creutzfeld-Jakob disease, spatic pseudoschlerosis, independently discovered by Jakob. (see No. 4722). English translation in No. 5019.14, pp. 97-112.
Creutzfeld described a single case and later reported that "his case did not bear any resemblance to the cases reported by Jakob," suggesting that Creutzfeldt probably did not describe the symptomatology associated with Creutzfeld-Jakob disease.
Subjects: INFECTIOUS DISEASE › Prion Diseases, NEUROLOGY › Degenerative Disorders
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In: Beiträge zur Chirurgie. Festschrift gewid. T. Billroth, Stuttgart, 610-30, 1892.
First description of the syndrome of symmetrical inflammation of the lacrymal and salivary glands (“Mikulicz’s disease”). English translation in Medical Classics, 1937, 2, 165-86.
Subjects: OPHTHALMOLOGY , OTORHINOLARYNGOLOGY (Ear, Nose, Throat) › Laryngology
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Z. Heilk., 19, 21-90., 1898.
In his classic description of lymphadenoma, Sternberg separated it from aleukemic leukemia, with which it had hitherto been included.
Subjects: ONCOLOGY & CANCER, Spleen: Lymphatics
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Zbl. allg. Path., 6, 257-64, 1895.
Granulosa cell tumor first described.
Subjects: OBSTETRICS & GYNECOLOGY › GYNECOLOGY, ONCOLOGY & CANCER
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Arch. klin. Chir., 23, 202-26, 1879.
Early description of thromboangiitis obliterans (Buerger’s disease, No. 2912).
Subjects: CARDIOLOGY › CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE › Arterial Disease
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Verh, nat.-med. Vereins. Heidelb., n.F. 1, 130-36., Heidelberg, 1873 – 1877.
“Erb’s palsy”, first described by Smellie in 1763 and later by Duchenne (No. 4543).
Subjects: NEUROLOGY › Diseases of the Nervous System
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Dtsch. Arch. klin. Med., 39, 209-32, 1886.
In his classic description of Leptospirosis icterohaemorrhagica Weil differentiated the disease from other types of acute jaundice. It is better known as “Weil’s disease”.
Subjects: INFECTIOUS DISEASE › Leptospiroses
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Med. Correspbl. württ. ärztl. Vereins, 6, 21-25, 1836.
“Ludwig’s angina” first described. English translation and biographical note. Bull. Hist. Med., 1939, 7, 1115-26.
Subjects: DENTISTRY › Oral Pathology , OTORHINOLARYNGOLOGY (Ear, Nose, Throat)
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Klin. Mbl. Augenheilk, 7, 193-98, 1869.
“Horner’s syndrome”, due to lesion of the cervical sympathetic. The same syndrome was evoked in animals by Pourfour du Petit in 1727 (see No. 1313). It is a proof that the sympathetic governs the pupillary, vasomotor, sudomotor, and pilomotor functions. It was also described by Claude Bernard, Leçons sur la physiologie et la patbologie du système nerveux, 1858, 2, 473-74, and, less impressively, by E. S. Hare, Lond. med. Gaz., 1838-39, 1, 16-18.
Subjects: NEUROSCIENCE › NERVOUS SYSTEM › Peripheral Autonomic Nervous System, OPHTHALMOLOGY
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Berlin: A. Hirschwald, 1891.
First account of the pathology of carotid body tumors.
Subjects: ENDOCRINOLOGY, ONCOLOGY & CANCER
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Münch. med. Wschr., 55, 1923-25, 1908.
“Köhler’s disease” of the scaphoid bone of the foot in children. See No. 4387.
Subjects: ORTHOPEDICS › Diseases of or Injuries to Bones, Joints & Skeleton › Congenital Diseases , ORTHOPEDICS › Orthopedic Surgery & Treatments › Foot / Ankle, Podiatry
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Verh. Kongr. inn. Med., 18, 316-21., 1900.
“Minkowski–Chauffard disease”, familial hemolytic jaundice. See also No. 3781.
Subjects: Spleen: Lymphatics
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Virchows Arch. path. Anat., 6, 135-38, 1854.
Discovery of the neuroglia.
Subjects: NEUROSCIENCE › NERVOUS SYSTEM › Peripheral Nerves / Nerve Impulses
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J. prakt. Chem., 85, 165-84, 1862.
Pettenkofer was the founder of experimental hygiene; he was the first to institute a laboratory for hygienic investigation.
Subjects: Hygiene, PUBLIC HEALTH
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Dtsch. med. Wschr., 29, 165-67, 1903.
Wolff-Eisner trephined the tibia and femur of experimental animals and suggested biopsy of bone marrow as a clinical procedure.
Subjects: HEMATOLOGY › Blood Disorders
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Jber. schles. Ges. vaterl. Cultur, (1875), 53, 229, 1876.
In this paper Weigert showed that methyl violet will reveal cocci in tissues.
Subjects: BACTERIOLOGY › Bacteriology, Laboratory techniques in, MICROBIOLOGY, PEDIATRICS › Neonatology
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Dtsch. med. Wschr., 45,1233-36, 1919.
Hoffmann stressed the role of the skin as a secretory organ, producing hormone-like substances; he suggested the term “esophylaxis” for this function.
Subjects: DERMATOLOGY › Physiology of the Skin
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Sitzber. phys. -med. Ges. Würzburg, 132-41; Ibid, 11-16, 16-19, 1895, 1896.
The discovery of x rays, which Kölliker later renamed “Roentgen rays”; the foundation stone of the science of roentgenology. For his work, Röntgen was awarded the first Nobel Prize for Physics in 1901. English translation in Nature, (February,) 1896, 53, 274 and 377. See also Röntgen’s third paper on the subject: Weitere Beobachtungen über die Eigenschaften der X-Strahlen. Sitzber. K. Preuss. Akad. Wiss., Ber., Kl. Phys.-Math., 1897, 576-592. Facsimile reprint of all three papers, English translation, and bibliography in H. Klickstein, Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen on a new kind of rays. A bibliographical study, 2 vols., 1966.
Subjects: IMAGING › X-ray, RADIOLOGY
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Berl. klin. Wschr., 18, 691-94, 1881.
First description of “march hemoglobinuria” – the condition in which physical exertion gives rise to the passage of red urine containing hemoglobin in solution.
Subjects: UROLOGY
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Med. Jb.129-47, 1885.
First description of lymphoderma perniciosa, premycotic or leukemic erythrodermia.
Subjects: DERMATOLOGY › Specific Dermatoses
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Arch. exp. path. Pharmak., 59, 83-94, 1908.
Loewi’s pancreatic function test.
Subjects: HEPATOLOGY › Tests for Pancreatic Function
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Therap. Gegenw., 44, 97-101, 1903.
Synthesis of barbitone (Barbitol), the first available barbiturate.
Subjects: PSYCHIATRY › Psychopharmacology › Barbitol
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Arch. Derm. Syph. (Wien), 85, 11-36, 1907.
Original description of lichen nitidus, “Pinkus’s disease”. Pinkus first showed a case before the Berlin Dermatological Society on 3 Dec, 1901, and named it “lichen nitidus”.
Subjects: DERMATOLOGY › Specific Dermatoses
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Trans. 6th Congr. Far East. Ass. trop. Med., 1, 667-71, 1925.
Takata-Ara reaction for the diagnosis of liver disease.
Subjects: HEPATOLOGY › Diseases of the Liver, HEPATOLOGY › Tests for Liver Function
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Münch. med. Wschr., 60, 1981-84, 1913.
Monocytic leukemia reported.
Subjects: HEMATOLOGY › Blood Disorders, ONCOLOGY & CANCER › Leukemia
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Z. Biol., 20, 165-78; 23, 329-39, 1884, 1887.
Isolation of (ß-oxybutyric acid. (Title of second paper: Beiträge zur Kenntniss der activen ß-Oxybuttersäure).
Subjects: BIOCHEMISTRY
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S.B.k. Akad. Wiss. Wien, math.-nat. Kl., Abt. I, 50, 77-96, 1865.
Thiry-Vella fistula. See also No. 1014.
Subjects: GASTROENTEROLOGY › Anatomy & Physiology of Digestion
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Arch. Anat. Physiol., Physiol. Abt., 155-57, 1878.
Subjects: INSTRUMENTS & TECHNOLOGIES, OTOLOGY › Audiology
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Arch. Ohrenheilk., 3, 186-229, 1867.
Lucae described an interference otoscope, precursor of auditory impedance devices.
Subjects: INSTRUMENTS & TECHNOLOGIES › Medical Instruments › Otoscope, OTOLOGY › Audiology › Hearing Tests, OTOLOGY › Otologic Instruments › Otoscope
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Z. orthop. Chir., 22, 203-23, 1908.
Foerster’s operation of rhizotomy for spastic paralysis.
Subjects: NEUROSURGERY
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Göttingen: E. A. Huth, 1860.
Isolation of cocaine, 1859, from the coca leaf, brought from Peru by Scherzer.
Subjects: ANESTHESIA › Cocaine, PHARMACOLOGY › PHARMACEUTICALS › Botanic Sources of Single Component Drugs › Coca
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Berl. klin. Wschr., 53, 322-23, 1916.
His encountered a form of “trench fever” in Volhynia, Russia, and named it after that district.
Subjects: BACTERIOLOGY › BACTERIA (mostly pathogenic; sometimes indexed only to genus) › Gram-Negative Bacteria › Bartonella › Bartonella quintana, COUNTRIES, CONTINENTS AND REGIONS › Russia, INFECTIOUS DISEASE › Rickettsial Infections, MILITARY MEDICINE, SURGERY & HYGIENE › World War I
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Zbl. med. Wiss., 15, 481-85, 1877.
First effective description of Actinomyces bovis.
Subjects: BACTERIOLOGY › BACTERIA (mostly pathogenic; sometimes indexed only to genus) › Gram-Negative Bacteria › Actinomyces, VETERINARY MEDICINE
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Zbl. med. Wiss., 14, 421-22, 1876.
Introduction of physostigmine in the treatment of glaucoma.
Subjects: OPHTHALMOLOGY › Diseases of the Eye › Glaucoma
|
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|
KorrespBl. Schweiz. Aerzte, 21, 65-74, 1891.
Sahli’s test for estimating the functional activity of the stomach.
Subjects: GASTROENTEROLOGY › Anatomy & Physiology of Digestion
|
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Neurol. Zbl., 13, 507-08, 1894.
Subjects: NEUROSCIENCE › NERVOUS SYSTEM › Peripheral Nerves / Nerve Impulses
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Naturwissenschaften, 33, 315, 1946.
Introduction of thiosemicarbazone in treatment of tuberculosis. With R. Behnisch, F. Mietzsch, and H. Schmidt.
Subjects: INFECTIOUS DISEASE › Tuberculosis, PHARMACOLOGY › PHARMACEUTICALS › Antitubercular Drugs
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Beitr. path. Anat., 9, 287-328, 1891.
Eppinger isolated Cladothrix (Nocardia) asteroides in a patient suffering from pseudotuberculosis with brain abscesses and meningitis.
Subjects: INFECTIOUS DISEASE › Actinomycosis, INFECTIOUS DISEASE › Neuroinfectious Diseases › Meningitis
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Vjschr. Derm., 2, 41-52, 1875.
First description of porokeratosis (Mibelli).
Subjects: DERMATOLOGY › Specific Dermatoses
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Dtsch. med. Wschr., 23, 152-55, 1897.
“Bruck’s disease” – deformity of bones, multiple fractures, ankylosis of joints, and muscular atrophy.
Subjects: ORTHOPEDICS › Diseases of or Injuries to Bones, Joints & Skeleton › Congenital Diseases
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v. Graefes Arch. Ophthal. 70, 254-73, 1909.
“Heerfordt’s syndrome”, uveo-parotid fever, a form of sarcoidosis.
Subjects: DERMATOLOGY › Specific Dermatoses
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Arch. Psychiat. Nervenkr., 30, 633-40, 1898.
“Ganser’s syndrome” – an acute hallucinatory mania.
Subjects: PSYCHIATRY
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Arch. Psychiat. Nervenkr., 9, 172-73, 1879.
Myasthenia gravis (“Erb-Goldflam disease”; see also No. 4757). A further paper on the subject by Erb appears in the above volume, pp. 325-50.
Subjects: NEUROLOGY › Myopathies
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Arch. Ohrenheilk., 12, 104-09, 1877.
Politzer described an acumeter.
Subjects: INSTRUMENTS & TECHNOLOGIES, OTOLOGY › Audiology
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Oest. Z. prakt. Heilk, 9, 325-30, 341-45, 1863.
“Gruber’s hernia” – internal mesogastric hernia.
Subjects: SURGERY: General › Hernia
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Charité-Ann., 13, 300-09, 1888.
Ehrlich was first to distinguish the aplastic type of anemia.
Subjects: HEMATOLOGY › Anemia & Chlorosis
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Arch. Psychiat. Nervenkr., 18, 846-71, 1887.
“Westphal’s nucleus” – for accommodation – in the third cranial nerve. Called also “Edinger’s nucleus” (see the same journal, 1885, 16, 858-89).
Subjects: NEUROSCIENCE › NERVOUS SYSTEM › Brain, including Medulla: Cerebrospinal Fluid
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Giessen: F. C. Pietsch, 1864.
First description of osteitis fibrosa cystica – hyperparathyroid bone disease, also known as “von Recklinghausen’s disease of bone”.
Subjects: ORTHOPEDICS › Diseases of or Injuries to Bones, Joints & Skeleton
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Mh. prakt. Derm. 10, 197-211, 1890.
Sebaceous adenoma, type Pringle.
Subjects: DERMATOLOGY › Specific Dermatoses
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Skand. Arch. Physiol, 16, 402-12, 1904.
Bohr, Hasselbalch, and Krogh showed, in the experimental animal, that the affinity of blood for oxygen depends upon carbon dioxide pressure. This became known as the Bohr effect, though the discovery may have been made by Krogh. English translation in No. 1588.16.
Subjects: BIOCHEMISTRY, HEMATOLOGY
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Wien. med. Wschr., 49, 1412-18, 1899.
Gaertner, an Austrian physician, invented an instrument for measuring blood-pressure by means of a compressing ring applied to the finger.
Subjects: CARDIOLOGY › CARDIOVASCULAR PHYSIOLOGY, INSTRUMENTS & TECHNOLOGIES
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Vierteljahrsschrift f. d. prakt. Heilkunde, 37, 113-44, 1853.
Subjects: ANATOMY › 19th Century, COUNTRIES, CONTINENTS AND REGIONS › Czech Republic
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Jber. schles. Ges. vaterl. Cultur, (1862), 40, 103-04, 1863.
Auerbach’s plexus and ganglion. See also his book Ueber einen Plexus myentericus, Breslau, Morgenstern, 1862.
Subjects: GASTROENTEROLOGY › Anatomy & Physiology of Digestion
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Dtsch. Z. Nervenheilk., 4, 312-52, 1893.
Myasthenia pseudoparalytica (Erb–Goldflam symptom complex). See No. 4746.
Subjects: NEUROLOGY › Myopathies
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Arch. Anat. Physiol. wiss. Med., 238-54, 1866.
“Ebstein’s anomaly,” a congenital abnormality of the tricuspid valve. Translation in Amer. J. Cardiol, 1968, 22, 867-72.
Subjects: CARDIOLOGY › Congenital Heart Defects
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Z. Kinderheilk., 24, 220-34, 1919.
Hurler syndrome (lipochondrodystrophy, gargoylism), earlier described by Hunter (No. 6371.1).
Subjects: GENETICS / HEREDITY › GENETIC DISORDERS › Hurler Syndrome, WOMEN, Publications by › Years 1900 - 1999
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Berl. klin. Wschr., 12, 357-59, Berlin, 1875.
“Erb–Charcot disease” (spastic spinal paralysis).
Subjects: NEUROLOGY › Diseases of the Nervous System
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Denkschr. k. Akad. Wiss. Wien, 4, 1-72, 1852.
One of Rokitansky’s best works. He described atheroma and calcification in the intima of arteries, and various congenital malformations. Rokitansky "is credited with the initial case report of polyarteritis nodosa in 1852. He described the presence of aneurysmal lesions with nodes in multiple arteries observed at autopsy. . . . Rokitansky provides a compelling gross pathological description [see plate VI]. . ." (Matteson, Inflammatory Diseases of Blood Vessels, p. 211).
Subjects: CARDIOLOGY › CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE › Arterial Disease, GENETICS / HEREDITY › HEREDITARY / CONGENITAL DISEASES OR DISORDERS › Congenital Vascular Malformations, PATHOLOGY
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Arch. Psychiat. Nervenkr., 5, 803-34, 1875.
Westphal discovered the diagnostic value of the knee-jerk simultaneously with Erb.
Subjects: NEUROLOGY › Neurosyphilis
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Mschr. Psychiat. Neurol., 9, 401-34, 1901.
“Lissauer’s atypical general paralysis” first described. Heinrich Lissauer was bom in 1861 and died in 1891.
Subjects: NEUROLOGY › Paralysis
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Ann. Pharm. (Heidelberg), 85, 289-328, 1853.
Liebig’s method of estimating urea.
Subjects: BIOCHEMISTRY
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Dtsch. med. Wschr. 17, 1213-18, 1244-46, 1287-89, 1331-32, 1352-56, 1891.
A statement of the neuron theory, to which Waldeyer gave the name.
Subjects: ANATOMY › Neuroanatomy, NEUROSCIENCE › NERVOUS SYSTEM › Spinal Cord
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Ann. Phys. Chem. (Lpz.), 31, 65-77, 513-24; 32, 308-32, 1834.
Carbolic acid first prepared from coal-tar.
Subjects: PHARMACOLOGY › PHARMACEUTICALS › Disinfectants
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Wien. med. Wschr., 22, 1197-1201, 1872.
Hebra was the first to describe impetigo herpetiformis, more fully dealt with by Kaposi, his son-in-law.
Subjects: DERMATOLOGY › Specific Dermatoses
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Virchows Arch. path. Anat., 28, 157-97, 1863.
Recklinghausen described granular cells in the frog mesentery, later named “mast cells” by Ehrlich (No. 553.1).
Subjects: ANATOMY › Microscopic Anatomy (Histology), MICROBIOLOGY
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v. Graefes Arch. Ophthal., 5, 1 Abt., 136-57, 1859.
Discovery of embolism of the retinal artery as a cause of sudden blindness.
Subjects: OPHTHALMOLOGY › Diseases of the Eye › Retinal Diseases
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Wien med. Wschr., 59, 646-637, 1909.
Hirsch first demonstrated the transnasal transseptal exposure of the sphenoid sinus and pituitary gland in a cadaveric specimen in front of the medical society of Vienna.
Subjects: ENDOCRINOLOGY › Pituitary, NEUROLOGY › Brain & Spinal Tumors
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Königsberg: Bornträger, 1828 – 1888.
Baer, the founder of modern embryology, definitely established the “germ-layer theory”, discovered the notochord and the human ovum, and postulated the law of corresponding stages in embryonic development. With Cuvier he is the founder of modern morphology. Later in his life he devoted much time to the study of anthropology. Part of vol. 1 was published in No. 599. In response to demands by subscribers to the treatise, the publishers issued vol. 2 in incomplete form in 1837. The conclusion to vol. 2, sometimes called volume 3, was edited by Ludwig Stieda and published 12 years after von Baer’s death.
Subjects: EMBRYOLOGY
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Zbl. Bakt., 11, 129-41, 1892.
Isolation of Salm. typhi-murium.
Subjects: BACTERIOLOGY › BACTERIA (mostly pathogenic; sometimes indexed only to genus) › Gram-Negative Bacteria › Salmonella, INFECTIOUS DISEASE › Salmonellosis › Typhoid Fever
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Jena: Gustav Fischer, 1903.
More support for the Mendelian law of inheritance was provided by Johannsen, a Danish botanist, who showed that in certain self-fertilizing plants a pure line of descendants can be maintained indefinitely, in which case natural selection is not effective, selection depending upon genetic variability. He introduced the term “gene” in 1909.
Subjects: BOTANY, EVOLUTION, GENETICS / HEREDITY
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Klin. Wschr., 2, 5-9, 1923.
First complete pericardiectomy for constrictive pericarditis.
Subjects: CARDIOVASCULAR (Cardiac) SURGERY
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Beitr. klin. Chir., 19, 757-76; 23, 589-94, 1897 – 1899.
First successful total gastrectomy.
Subjects: SURGERY: General › Upper Gastrointestinal Surgery
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Dtsch. Z. Chir., 16, 391-97, 1882.
Discovery of Strep pyogenes, infectious agent of scarlet fever and other streptococcal illnesses. Fehleisen cultured it from perierysipelas lesions on humans. English translation, 1886.
Subjects: BACTERIOLOGY › BACTERIA (mostly pathogenic; sometimes indexed only to genus) › Gram-Positive Bacteria › Streptococcus , MICROBIOLOGY
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Arch. Derm. Syph. (Wien), 89, 65-76, 163-90, 1908.
Desquamative erythroderma of nurslings (Leiner); apparently a toxic eruption peculiar to breast-fed children suffering from enteritis.
Subjects: DERMATOLOGY › Specific Dermatoses, PEDIATRICS
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Zbl. allg. Path. path. Anat., 24, 1-9, 1913.
Anichkov and Chalatov of St. Petersburg, Russia, discovered that atherosclerosis of large arteries is critically dependent on cholesterol. (Translated in Arteriosclerosis, 1983, 3, 178-182). The inflammatory nature of atherosclerosis was first observed and suggested by Rudolf Virchow in 1856.
Subjects: CARDIOLOGY › CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE › Arterial Disease, CARDIOLOGY › CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE › Coronary Artery Disease, COUNTRIES, CONTINENTS AND REGIONS › Russia, NUTRITION / DIET
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Verh. Congr. inn. Med., 5, 185-89, 1886.
Mering was able to produce experimental diabetes by means of phloridzin.
Subjects: Metabolism & Metabolic Disorders › Diabetes
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Arch. Anat. Physiol. wiss. Med., 47-57., 1852.
Remak was the first to point out that growth of new tissues was accomplished by the division of pre-existing cells.
Subjects: BIOLOGY › Cell Biology, BIOLOGY › Developmental Biology, MICROBIOLOGY
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Frankfurt: Meidinger, 1856.
Includes his paper on “weisses Blut” (see No. 3062) and three later papers on leukemia. See No. 3006.
Subjects: HEMATOLOGY › Blood Disorders, ONCOLOGY & CANCER › Leukemia
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Leipzig: F. C. W. Vogel, 1885.
Isolation of Proteus vulgaris.
Subjects: BACTERIOLOGY › BACTERIA (mostly pathogenic; sometimes indexed only to genus) › Gram-Negative Bacteria › Proteus
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Z. klin Med., 5, 1-25, 1882.
Fatty infiltration of the heart first described.
Subjects: CARDIOLOGY › CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE
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Virchows Arch. path. Anat., 90, 520-35, 1882.
First description of pancreatic necrosis, “Balser’s fat necrosis”.
Subjects: HEPATOLOGY › Diseases of the Gallbladder, Biliary Tract, & Pancreas
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Dtsch. Z. Chir., 27, 90-109, 1888.
König of Göttingen was the first to use the term “osteochondritis dissecans”.
Subjects: ORTHOPEDICS › Diseases of or Injuries to Bones, Joints & Skeleton
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Arch. Anat. Physiol. wiss. Med., 163-177, 1852.
Discovery of the ganglion cells at the auriculo-ventricular junction, “Bidder’s ganglion”.
Subjects: ANATOMY › Neuroanatomy, ANATOMY › Neuroanatomy › Comparative Neuroanatomy, CARDIOLOGY › CARDIOVASCULAR PHYSIOLOGY › Anatomy of the Heart & Circulatory System
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Wien. klin. Wschr., 42, 89, 889, 1929.
Introduction of gastrophotography.
Subjects: GASTROENTEROLOGY, IMAGING › Photography / Photomicrography
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Wien. med. Presse, 22, 1405-08, 1437-43, 1473-75, 1505-07, 1537-41, 1573-77, 1629-31, 1881.
Mikulicz was the first to use the electric oesophagoscope invented by Leiter in 1880. He was among the most distinguished of Billroth’s pupils and contributed much to cancer surgery.
Subjects: GASTROENTEROLOGY › Esophagus: Stomach: Duodenum: Intestines, INSTRUMENTS & TECHNOLOGIES › Medical Instruments › Endoscope, INSTRUMENTS & TECHNOLOGIES › Medical Instruments › Gastroscope
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Berl. klin. Wschr., 33, 275-78, 298-301, 325-27, 1896.
Subjects: GASTROENTEROLOGY, INSTRUMENTS & TECHNOLOGIES › Medical Instruments › Gastroscope
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Virchows Arch. path. Anat., 10, 78-109, 352-400, 426-48, 1856.
First systematic account of brain abscess.
Subjects: NEUROLOGY › Inflammatory Conditions
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Med. Klin., 4, 817-20, 1908.
First osteoarticular joint transplant. English translation in Clin. orthop., 1985, 197, 1-10. See also his paper, "Substitution of whole or half joints from freshly amputated extremities by free plastic operation," Surg. Gynec. Obstet., 1908, 6, 601-07.
Subjects: ORTHOPEDICS › Orthopedic Surgery & Treatments, TRANSPLANTATION
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Virchows Arch. path. Anat., 46, 447-70, 1869.
Improvements in school hygiene and the regular inspection of school children were brought about by the efforts of Virchow. English translation, New York, 1871. Virchow’s papers on public health were collected, annotated, and translated into English by L.J.Rather as Collected essays on public health and epidemiology, 2 vols., [Canton, Mass.,1985].
Subjects: Hygiene, PUBLIC HEALTH
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Berl. klin. Wschr., 26, 925, 1889.
Recklinghausen gave to hemochromatosis its present name.
Subjects: GENETICS / HEREDITY › HEREDITARY / CONGENITAL DISEASES OR DISORDERS › Blood Disorders › Hemochromatosis
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Klin. Mbl. Augenheilk., 91, 640-59, 1933.
Contact lenses introduced. See also No. 5976.
Subjects: OPHTHALMOLOGY
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Virchows Arch. path. Anat., 50, 305-22, 1870.
“Wegner’s disease” – osteochondritic separation of the epiphyses in congenital syphilis.
Subjects: INFECTIOUS DISEASE › SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES › Syphilis, ORTHOPEDICS › Diseases of or Injuries to Bones, Joints & Skeleton › Congenital Diseases
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v. Graefes Arch. Ophthal., 17, 2 Abt., 249-91, 1871.
First description of hereditary optic atrophy, “Leber’s optic atrophy”.
Subjects: GENETICS / HEREDITY › HEREDITARY / CONGENITAL DISEASES OR DISORDERS › Inherited Neurological Disorders › Leber's Hereditary Optic Neuropathy, OPHTHALMOLOGY
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Jena: Gustav Fischer, 1898.
First employment of cinematograph to record the cardiac changes during all phases of heart contraction.
Subjects: CARDIOLOGY › CARDIOVASCULAR PHYSIOLOGY, IMAGING › Cinematography
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Arch. ges. Med., 10, 334-50, 1849.
First important account of multiple sclerosis. Carswell (No. 2291) and Cruveilhier (No. 2286) both gave illustrations of the disease; the latter is also accredited with the first description.
Subjects: NEUROLOGY › Degenerative Disorders › Multiple Sclerosis
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Arch. Gynäk., 2, 218-35, 1871.
An important account of pernicious anemia of pregnancy.
Subjects: HEMATOLOGY › Anemia & Chlorosis
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Pflüg. Arch. ges. Physiol., 206, 123-40; 214, 678-96, 1924, 1926.
Established the presence of cholinesterase and that in vitro eserine inhibited this esterase.
Subjects: NEUROSCIENCE › NERVOUS SYSTEM › Chemical Mediation of Nervous Impulses
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Pflüg. Arch. ges. Physiol. 189, 239-42; 193, 201-13; 203, 408-12; 204, 361-67, 629-40, 1921 – 1922, 1924.
Loewi’s important experiments firmly established the theory of chemical intermediaries in nervous reactions. He shared the Nobel Prize for physiology with Dale in 1936.
Subjects: NEUROSCIENCE › NERVOUS SYSTEM › Chemical Mediation of Nervous Impulses
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Pflüg. Arch. ges. Physiol. 232. 432-43, 1933.
Kibjakow showed that some substance in a muscle perfusate is able to contract muscle during stimulation of nerve.
Subjects: NEUROSCIENCE › NERVOUS SYSTEM › Chemical Mediation of Nervous Impulses
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Dtsch. med. Wschr., 40, 322-23, 1914.
“Simmonds’s disease”-pituitary cachexia. See also Virchows Arch. path. Anat., 1914, 217, 226-39.
Subjects: ENDOCRINOLOGY › Pituitary
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Zbl. Bakt., Abt. 1, 117, 440-50, 1930.
In Japan tularemia is known as “Ohara’s disease”.
Subjects: COUNTRIES, CONTINENTS AND REGIONS › Japan, INFECTIOUS DISEASE › VECTOR-BORNE DISEASES › Tick-Borne Diseases › Tularemia
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Dtsch. med. Wschr., 10, 842-44, 1884.
The discovery of the tetanus bacillus, Clostridum tetani, is attributed to Nicolaier; he was, however, unable to isolate the organism in pure culture.
Subjects: BACTERIOLOGY › BACTERIA (mostly pathogenic; sometimes indexed only to genus) › Gram-Positive Bacteria › Clostridium, INFECTIOUS DISEASE › Tetanus
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Münch, med. Wschr. 50, 153-57, Munich, 1903.
Hypotensive action of thiocyanates first noted. Pauli was the father of the physicist Wolfgang Pauli (1900-1958).
Subjects: CARDIOLOGY › CARDIOVASCULAR PHYSIOLOGY › Cardiovascular System › Diseases of Cardiovascular System
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Graefe’s Arch. Ophthal., 24, 4 Abt., 1-46, 321-24, 1878.
Sellerbeck was first to use human donor corneas for transplants. He was not very successful, probably because the antiseptics employed were too strong.
Subjects: OPHTHALMOLOGY › Ocular Surgery & Procedures › Corneal Transplant, TRANSPLANTATION
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Münch, med. Wschr., 33, 253, 276, 1886.
Soxhlet wrote on the nature of milk droplets, estimated the specific gravity of milk with his lactodensimeter, described an apparatus for the sterilization of milk, and devised a test for the estimation of fats in milk.
Subjects: PEDIATRICS
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Ann. Pharm. (Heidelberg), 21, 277-82, 1837.
Isolation of chondrin and glutin.
Subjects: BIOCHEMISTRY
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Z. Heilk., 6, 69-80, 1885.
Although not the first to describe kraurosis vulvae, Breisky left an important account, and the condition became known as “Breisky’s disease”.
Subjects: OBSTETRICS & GYNECOLOGY › GYNECOLOGY
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Arch. klin. Chir., 29, 254-337, 1883.
Kocher coined the term “cachexia strumipriva” to describe the myxedema following total extirpation of the thyroid. His work on the subject led to a better understanding of the cause of myxedema.
Subjects: ENDOCRINOLOGY › Thyroid
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Ann. Phys. Chem. (Leipzig), 12, 253-6, 1828.
The synthetic preparation of urea was the first occasion that an organic compound was built up from inorganic materials. Wöhler’s discovery led eventually to the brilliant results that have been achieved in attempts to synthesize other organic compounds. A French translation of this article appears in Ann. Chim. (Paris), 1828, 37, 330-34. English translation in Leicester & Klickstein (eds.), A source book in chemistry 1400-1900, Cambridge, Mass., 1952. Digital facsimile from the Internet Archive at this link.
Subjects: BIOCHEMISTRY
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Samml. klin. Vortr., Nr. 58 (Chir., Nr. 19), 373-84, 1873.
Esmarch bandage for surgical hemostasis. English translation New Sydenham Society, 1876.
Subjects: SURGERY: General
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Chem. Ztg., 36, 637-38, 1912.
Introduction of neoarsphenamine (neosalvarsan).
Subjects: INFECTIOUS DISEASE › SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES › Syphilis, PHARMACOLOGY › PHARMACEUTICALS
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Berl. klin. Wschr., 8, 109-11, 121-24, 133-35, 157-59, 1871.
On the best way of setting up military hospitals to prevent the spread of infectious diseases. For English translation see No. 1617 (note).
Subjects: HOSPITALS, MILITARY MEDICINE, SURGERY & HYGIENE
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Zbl. Chir., 39, 249-52, 1912.
Paravertebral anesthesia in urology.
Subjects: ANESTHESIA, UROLOGY
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Wien. klin. Wschr., 2, 435-37, 456-58, 1889.
From this classic description of infantile pseudoleukemic anemia, the condition became known as “von Jaksch’s disease”.
Subjects: HEMATOLOGY › Anemia & Chlorosis, PEDIATRICS
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Berl. klin. Wschr., 21, 129-32, 1884.
Resection of portion of a lobe that was invaded by sarcoma of the rib.
Subjects: CARDIOVASCULAR (Cardiac) SURGERY, ONCOLOGY & CANCER, PULMONOLOGY › Thoracic Surgery, SURGERY: General › Surgical Oncology
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Verh. Berl, med. Ges., (1908), 39, 5-9, 1909.
Körte was the first successfully to remove bronchiectatic lobes.
Subjects: PULMONOLOGY › Thoracic Surgery, RESPIRATION › Respiratory Diseases
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Wien. klin. Wschr. 6, 211-13, 234-39, 1893.
Kundrat separated lymphosarcoma (“Kundrat’s disease”) from other malignant tumors involving the lymphatic system.
Subjects: ONCOLOGY & CANCER, Spleen: Lymphatics
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Dtsch. Z. Chir., 58, 500-07, 1900 – 1901.
Describes the first clinical use of the oesophagoscope by Kussmaul in 1867-68. The latter made only brief mention of it himself in his paper on the stomach pump, Dtsch. Arch. klin. Med., 1869, 6, 456.
Subjects: GASTROENTEROLOGY › Esophagus: Stomach: Duodenum: Intestines, INSTRUMENTS & TECHNOLOGIES › Medical Instruments › Endoscope
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Int. Beitr. wiss. Med., Festschr. R. Virchow, Berlin, 2, 295-321, 1891.
Important study of gastric syphilis.
Subjects: GASTROENTEROLOGY › Diseases of the Digestive System, INFECTIOUS DISEASE › SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES › Syphilis
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Jena. Z. Med., Naturw., 2, 384-6, 1865 – 1866.
“Czermak’s vagus pressure”. Czermak found that mechanical pressure on a spot of the carotid triangle in the neck produced lowering of the heart rate.
Subjects: CARDIOLOGY › CARDIOVASCULAR PHYSIOLOGY
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Berlin: A. Hirschwald, 1855.
Discovery of the motor points, the entry points of the nerves into the muscles – essential for stimulating the muscles by electricity.
Subjects: Neurophysiology, PHYSIOLOGY › Electrophysiology
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v. Graefes Arch. Ophthal., 11, 3 Abt., 1-106; 12, 1 Abt., 150-223; 1868, 14, 3 Abt., 106-48, 1865, 1866.
Graefe’s improvement of the operation for cataract by the modified linear extraction reduced the incidence of eye loss from 10 to 2.3 per cent.
Subjects: OPHTHALMOLOGY › Ocular Surgery & Procedures › Cataract
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Münch. med. Wschr., 46, 721-23, 1899.
A false diverticulum of the sigmoid flexure, described by Graser, has been given the eponym “Graser’s diverticulum”.
Subjects: GASTROENTEROLOGY
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Arch. Heilk., 6, 1-13, 1865.
Progressive muscular dystrophy with pseudo-hypertrophy. From the description given later by Duchenne (No. 4739) the condition has been named “Duchenne-Griesinger disease”.
Subjects: NEUROLOGY › Myopathies
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Arch. Anat. Physiol. wiss. Med., 1-27., 1861.
Schultze showed the cell to be a clump of nucleated protoplasm, stating that each muscle fibre or primitive muscle bundle was developed from a single myoblast by successive divisions of its cell or nucleus. His work settled the controversy with regard to the place of the cell in muscle tissue and stimulated the histologists to investigate the nature of intercellular tissue. Partial English translation in No. 143.1.
Subjects: BIOLOGY › Cell Biology, BIOLOGY › Developmental Biology, MICROBIOLOGY
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Z. rat. Med., 3 R., 34, 9-41, 1869.
Münchmeyer described a form of progressive ossifying myositis (“Münchmeyer’s disease”).
Subjects: NEUROLOGY › Myopathies
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Abhandl. k. k. med.-chir. Josephs-Acad. Wien, 2, 209-92., 1801.
Inflammation of the iris was named iritis by Schmidt. In 1801, with Himly, he founded the first journal devoted to ophthalmology, the Ophthalmologische Bibliothek. Digital facsimile of Schmidt's 1801 work from the Internet Archive at this link.
Subjects: OPHTHALMOLOGY › Diseases of the Eye, OPHTHALMOLOGY › Ocular Surgery & Procedures
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Beitr. klin. Chir., 64, 266-79, 1909.
Kirschner wire, for skeletal traction, and for stabilization of bone fragments or joint immobilization.
Subjects: ORTHOPEDICS › Orthopedic Devices, ORTHOPEDICS › Orthopedic Surgery & Treatments › Spine
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S. B. Jena. Ges. Med., 2, 107-28 (suppl. to Jena Z. Naturw. 1887, 20), 1886.
Fundamental improvements in the microscope were made by Abbe, who was a mathematician. In 1878 he introduced the oil immersion lens; in 1886 he made an apochromatic objective corrected for three colors in which the secondary spectrum was not noticeable, while he is also remembered for the sub-stage condenser which bears his name. A translation of the above article is in J. roy. micr. Soc., 1887, 20-34.
Subjects: Microscopy
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Dtsch. med. Wschr., 23, 209-13, 1897.
Koch’s new tuberculin (Tuberculin R).
Subjects: IMMUNOLOGY › Immunization, INFECTIOUS DISEASE › Tuberculosis
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Virchows Arch. path. Anat., 245, 247-67., 1923.
Subjects: NEPHROLOGY › Renal Disease
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Arch. Anat. Physiol., Physiol. Abt., 524-36, 1889.
Subjects: BIOLOGY › MOLECULAR BIOLOGY, BIOLOGY › MOLECULAR BIOLOGY › Nucleic Acids
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Pest. med.-chir. Presse, 22, 765, 787, 807, 827, 1886.
Rotational nystagmus described. First published in Magyar in Orvosi Hetilap, 1886, 30, 857, 889.
Subjects: OPHTHALMOLOGY , OTOLOGY
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Beitr. klin. Chir., 63, 245-56, 1909.
Foerster’s operation for tabes.
Subjects: NEUROLOGY › Neurosyphilis, NEUROSURGERY
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Münch, med. Wschr., 49, 1-8, 1902.
Orthodiagraphy of the heart.
Subjects: CARDIOLOGY, IMAGING › X-ray
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Jb. Kinderheilk., n.F., 29, 372-79, 1889.
First description of acute infectious erythema, “fifth disease”, called also “Sticker’s disease” after the latter’s description of it in Z. prakt. Aerzte, 1899, 8, 353.
Subjects: INFECTIOUS DISEASE › Rubella & Allied Conditions, PEDIATRICS
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Verh. Dtsch. path. Ges., (1905), 239-42, 1906.
Subjects: ORTHOPEDICS › Diseases of or Injuries to Bones, Joints & Skeleton › Congenital Diseases
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Arb. path.-anat. Inst. Tübingen, 4, 398-422, 1904.
Askanazy was the first to associate osteitis fibrosa cystica with parathyroid tumors.
Subjects: ENDOCRINOLOGY › Parathyroids
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Zbl. med. Wiss., 18, 721-22, 1880.
Description of the ova of Paragonimus (which Baelz named Gregarina pulmonalis) and its relationship to endemic hemoptysis. Translation in Kean (No. 2268.1), p. 602.
Subjects: INFECTIOUS DISEASE › DISEASES DUE TO METAZOAN PARASITES, PARASITOLOGY
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Dtsch. med. Wscbr., 21, Vereins-Beilage, 14, 1895.
“Busse–Buschke disease” –blastomycosis of the skin due to Cryptococcus neoformans. See also No. 5529.2. Busse first described it in Zbl. Bakt., 1894, 16, 175-80.
Subjects: DERMATOLOGY, DERMATOLOGY › Specific Dermatoses › Fungal Skin Infections, INFECTIOUS DISEASE › Mycosis › Blastomycosis
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Scbweitz. med. Wschr., 76, 1286-89, 1946.
Introduction of caramiphen (“parpanit”) in the treatment of Parkinson’s disease.
Subjects: NEUROLOGY › Movement Disorders › Parkinson's Disease (paralysis agitans)
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Arch. exp. Path. Pharmak., 40, 385-429, 1898.
Isolation of mescaline, the active agent in peyote. One of the first scientific investigations of a psychedelic drug.
Subjects: PSYCHIATRY › Psychopharmacology › Mescaline
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Vjschr. Derm., 13, 157-78, 1886.
“Neumann’s disease” – pemphigus vegetans. This was first described by Alibert. English translation (New Sydenham Society), 1897.
Subjects: DERMATOLOGY › Specific Dermatoses
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Arch. klin. Chir., 55, 315-29, 1897.
Before 1896 wounds of the heart had always been regarded as fatal. Rehn’s work marks the begining of cardiac surgery. English translation in Callahan, Keys & Key, Classics of Cardiology, vol. 3, 34-44. See
See Karel B. Absolon and Mohammad Naficy, First successful cardiac operation in a human 1896: A documentation. The life, the times and the work of Ludwig Rehn (1849-1930). Rockville, MD, 2002.
Subjects: CARDIOVASCULAR (Cardiac) SURGERY
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Berl. klin. Wschr., 21, 604-08, 1884.
“Möbius’s disease” – ophthalmoplegic migraine.
Subjects: NEUROLOGY › Chronic Pain › Headache › Migraine, OPHTHALMOLOGY › Neuro-ophthalmology
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Zbl. med. Wiss., 3, 881-5, 1865.
First description of the rhythmic variations in tone of the vasoconstrictor center (Traube-Hering waves).
Subjects: CARDIOLOGY › CARDIOVASCULAR PHYSIOLOGY
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Z. klin. Med., 1, 387-434, 1879 – 1880.
Leyden enjoyed a great reputation as a neurologist and his paper on poliomyelitis and neuritis is one of his best works. He was one of the founders of the journal in which it appeared.
Subjects: INFECTIOUS DISEASE › Neuroinfectious Diseases › Poliomyelitis (Infantile Paralysis), NEUROLOGY › Inflammatory Conditions › Poliomyelitis
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Virchows Arch. path. Anat., 20, 133-42, 1861.
First authentic description of polyposis of the colon.
Subjects: Colon & Rectal Diseases & Surgery
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Trans. 7th Int. Med. Congr., London, 2, 587-97., 1881.
Reyher, a Russian surgeon, reintroduced débridement and made a controlled study of its value in contaminated gunshot wounds during the Russo-Turkish War of 1877. See No. 2177.
Subjects: COUNTRIES, CONTINENTS AND REGIONS › Russia, MILITARY MEDICINE, SURGERY & HYGIENE, SURGERY: General › Wound Healing
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Dtsch. med. Wschr., 10, 849, 1884.
First description of subacute combined degeneration of the spinal cord, which Leichtenstern termed progressive pernicious anemia in tabetics.
Subjects: HEMATOLOGY › Anemia & Chlorosis, NEUROLOGY › Neurosyphilis
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Berlin: A. Hirschwald, 1885 – 1886.
Brieger isolated and determined the composition of a number of the ptomaines.
Subjects: BIOCHEMISTRY
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Berl. klin. Wschr., 24, 8-10, 1887.
Subjects: HEMATOLOGY › Blood Disorders
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Verh. X. int. med. Congr., Berlin, 3, 7Abt., 90-97, 1890, 1891.
Bottini’s Operation for hypertrophy of the prostate.
Subjects: UROLOGY › Prostate
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Dtsch. Z. Chir., 13, 134-66, 1880.
Kocher’s operation of radical extirpation of the tongue for carcinoma.
Subjects: ONCOLOGY & CANCER › Carcinoma, SURGERY: General
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Königsb. med. Jb., 3, 271-4, 1862.
Rapidly-repeated blows on the belly of a frog caused cessation of the heart-beat, which Goltz concluded was brought about by reflex inhibition through the vagus, an important contribution to the knowledge of the mechanism of shock.
Subjects: CARDIOLOGY › CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE › Shock, CARDIOLOGY › CARDIOVASCULAR PHYSIOLOGY
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Virchows Arch. path. Anat., 126, 11-59, 1891.
Subjects: BACTERIOLOGY › BACTERIA (mostly pathogenic; sometimes indexed only to genus) › Gram-Negative Bacteria › Actinomyces, INFECTIOUS DISEASE › Actinomycosis, VETERINARY MEDICINE
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Dtsch. med. Wschr., 53, 710-12., 1927.
Experimental use of “avertin’’ (tribromethanol).
Subjects: ANESTHESIA
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Wroclaw (Vratislava, Breslau) & Bonn: E. Weber, 1854.
Subjects: ORTHOPEDICS › Orthopedic Surgery & Treatments › Amputations: Excisions: Resections
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Samml. klin Vortr., Nr. 95 (Inn. Med., Nr. 33), 761-96, 1875.
Riegel distinguished between respiratory and phonatory paralysis of the larynx.
Subjects: OTORHINOLARYNGOLOGY (Ear, Nose, Throat) › Laryngology
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Allg. Z. Psychiat., 47, 463-548, 1891.
Burckhardt, physician at a Swiss mental hospital, performed frontal lobotomy on four patients in 1890, with good results in some cases. Digital facsimile from Universitätsbibliothek Bern at this link.
Subjects: NEUROSURGERY › Psychosurgery
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Arch. Gynäk., 44, 89-148, 1893.
A detailed classification of “deciduomata”, chorionic neoplasms, and a review of the literature.
Subjects: OBSTETRICS & GYNECOLOGY › GYNECOLOGY, ONCOLOGY & CANCER
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Berl. klin. Wschr.10, 433-35, 445-49, 461-64, 1873.
Subjects: CARDIOLOGY › CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE
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Berl. klin. Wschr., 39, 955-7. Arch. Derm. Syph. (Wien), 53, 383-6, 1902, 1900.
Scleroedemaadultorum syndrome of Buschke.
Subjects: DERMATOLOGY › Specific Dermatoses
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Pflüg. Arch.ges. Physiol., 17, 1-67, 1878.
Investigation of the secretory and trophic nerves of glands. Heidenhain considered all secretory phenomena to be intracellular, rather than mechanical, processes.
Subjects: Ductless Glands: Internal Secretion
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Arch. Psychiat. Nervenkr., 5, 792-802, 1875.
Knee-jerk first used as diagnostic measure in tabes dorsalis.
Subjects: NEUROLOGY › Neurosyphilis
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Virchows Arch. path. Anat., 25, 279-307, 1862.
Subjects: GASTROENTEROLOGY › Anatomy & Physiology of Digestion, HEPATOLOGY › Hepatic Physiology
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Münch med. Wschr., 53, 778, 1906.
Treponema pallidum first discovered in the diseased aorta.
Subjects: BACTERIOLOGY › BACTERIA (mostly pathogenic; sometimes indexed only to genus) › Spirochetes › Treponema , CARDIOLOGY › CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE › Aortic Diseases, INFECTIOUS DISEASE › SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES › Syphilis
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Stuttgart: Ebner & Seubert, 1842.
Subjects: ORTHOPEDICS › Orthopedic Surgery & Treatments › Fractures & Dislocations
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Dtsch. Arch. kiln. Med., 2, 116-72, 1867.
Zenker described siderosis and suggested the term “pneumonokoniosis” as a suitable general title for diseases due to inhaled dust.
Subjects: OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH & MEDICINE , PATHOLOGY
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Arch. mikr. Anat., 12, 353-8, 1876.
“Kupffer cells” – macrophage stellate cells in the lining of the blood channels in the liver.
Confocal microscopy picture showing the steady-state location and interactions between Kupffer cells (Red), hepatic stellate cells (green) and liver sinusoidal endothelial cells (blue). Cell nuclei are in grey. (Wikipedia article on Kupffer cell, accessed 4-2020).
Subjects: ANATOMY › 19th Century, HEPATOLOGY › Hepatic Anatomy
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J. prakt. Chem., 77, 369-82, 1908.
Para-aminobenzenesulfonamide (sulphanilamide) first prepared.
Subjects: PHARMACOLOGY › PHARMACEUTICALS › Sulfonamides
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Neurol. Zbl., 11, 161-68, 1892.
Erb’s classic description of syphilitic spinal paralysis, sometimes called “Erb’s disease”.
Subjects: NEUROLOGY › Neurosyphilis
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Wien. klin. Wschr., 15, 1129-36, 1902.
Pineles differentiated endemic (familial) cretinism associated with goitre from sporadic cretinism.
Subjects: ENDOCRINOLOGY › Thyroid
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Verh. Ges. Kinderheilk., 20, 45-50, 1903.
First clear description of infantile acrodynia (“pink disease”).
Subjects: PEDIATRICS
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Verh. dtsch. Ges. Gynäk., 6, 199-223, 1895.
Wertheim emphasized the importance of latent uterine gonorrhoea.
Subjects: INFECTIOUS DISEASE › SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES › Gonorrhoea & Trichomonas Infection, OBSTETRICS & GYNECOLOGY › GYNECOLOGY
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Zbl. Gynäk., 10, 698-701, 1886.
First account of Olshausen’s operation for retroversion of the uterus.
Subjects: OBSTETRICS & GYNECOLOGY › GYNECOLOGY
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Dtsch. med. Wschr., 17, 1172-75, 1891.
Charii I malformation. See No. 4581.1. See also Denkschr. Akad. Wiss. Wien, 1896, 63, 71-116.
Subjects: NEUROLOGY › Diseases of the Nervous System
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Z. Immun-Forsch., 6, 284-92, 1910.
Proof that blood groups are inherited according to Mendelian laws.
Subjects: GENETICS / HEREDITY, HEMATOLOGY › Blood Groups
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Z. exp. Path. Therap., 5, 307-18, 1908.
Zuelzer succeeded in isolating the pancreatic extract which contained what we now know as insulin; serious hypoglycaemic reactions sometimes followed its use, however, and led to its abandonment. Preliminary paper in Berl. klin. Wschr.,1907, 44, 474-75.
Subjects: Metabolism & Metabolic Disorders › Diabetes
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Münch. med. Wschr., 73, 47-51, 1926.
Gerson introduced a salt-restricted diet in the treatment of tuberculosis; this was subsequently modified by Sauerbruch and Herrmannsdorfer, becoming known as the “Gerson–Sauerbruch–Hermannsdorfer diet”. The scientific efficacy of this diet, or of other diets promoted by Gerson to cure cancer, was never independently confirmed. With A. Hermannsdorfer,
Subjects: INFECTIOUS DISEASE › Tuberculosis, NUTRITION / DIET, Quackery
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Berl. klin. Wschr., 55, 450-52, 1918.
Following Wenckebach’s discovery of the efficacy of quinine in the restoration of normal rhythm in auricular fibrillation. Frey showed that quinidine was the most effective of the cinchona alkaloids in this respect.
Subjects: CARDIOLOGY › CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE › Arrythmias, PHARMACOLOGY › PHARMACEUTICALS › Botanic Sources of Single Component Drugs › Cinchona Bark
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Pflüg. Arch. ges. Physiol., 18, 247-380, 1878.
Subjects: BIOCHEMISTRY › Metabolism
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Z. Hyg. InfektKr., 10, 145-54, 1891.
Subjects: BACTERIOLOGY › Bacteriology, Laboratory techniques in, Laboratory Medicine, MICROBIOLOGY, PUBLIC HEALTH
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Jena: Gustav Fischer, 1880.
A pioneer work on the formation and division of cells. In this third edition Strasburger established one of the principles of modern cytology, i.e., that independent cell formation does not occur but that fresh nuclei invariably arise through the division of older ones. The first edition of this book appeared in 1875.
Subjects: BIOLOGY › Cell Biology, BIOLOGY › Developmental Biology
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Wien. med. Wschr. 22, 1-4, 25-28, 1872.
“Bamberger’s disease” (Pick’s disease, No. 2803).
Subjects: CARDIOLOGY › CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE
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Biochem. Z., 1929, 214, 64-100, 1929.
Warburg discovered the nature and function of the respiratory ferment. He was awarded the Nobel Prize for physiology in 1931
Subjects: BIOCHEMISTRY, RESPIRATION › Respiratory Physiology
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Arch. Gynäk., 19, 177-209, 1882.
Kehrer improved the technique of the Caesarean operation.
Subjects: OBSTETRICS & GYNECOLOGY › OBSTETRICS › Caesarian Section
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Dtsch. med. Wschr., 31, 1667-71, 1905.
Procaine (novocaine), synthesized by Einhorn, was first used clinically by Braun.
Subjects: ANESTHESIA
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Göttingen: Dieterich'sche Verlags-Buchhandlung, 1877.
Subjects: BIBLIOGRAPHY › Manuscripts & Philology, BIBLIOGRAPHY › Manuscripts & Philology › Translations to and from Arabic, MEDIEVAL MEDICINE › Medieval Islamic or Arab Medicine
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Z. ImmunForsch., 2, 1 Teil, 377-90, 1909.
Landsteiner and Popper were the first to isolate poliovirus and to transmit poliomyelitis to monkeys.
Subjects: NEUROLOGY › Inflammatory Conditions › Poliomyelitis, VIROLOGY › VIRUSES (by Family) › Picornaviridae › Poliovirus
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Amsterdam: Meulenhoff, 1951.
Subjects: COUNTRIES, CONTINENTS AND REGIONS › Netherlands
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Johns Hopk. Hosp. Bull., 7, 57-63, 1896.
Thayer and Blumer found the gonococcus in cases of gonorrheal endocarditis.
Subjects: CARDIOLOGY › CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE › Endocarditis, INFECTIOUS DISEASE › Endocarditis, INFECTIOUS DISEASE › SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES › Gonorrhoea & Trichomonas Infection
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Bull. Soc. Path. exot., 2, 252-54, 1909.
Muco-cutaneous leishmaniasis of South America. English translation in Kean (No. 2268.1).
Subjects: COUNTRIES, CONTINENTS AND REGIONS › Brazil, DERMATOLOGY, INFECTIOUS DISEASE › VECTOR-BORNE DISEASES › Sandfly-Borne Diseases › Leishmaniasis
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Bonn: M. Cohen & Sohn, 1870.
First description of serpiginous ulcer of the cornea and its treatment. Called also “Saemisch’s ulcer”.
Subjects: OPHTHALMOLOGY › Diseases of the Eye
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J. Acoust. Soc. Amer., 29, 1181-85, 1957.
Demonstration of the Doppler shift in the frequency of ultrasound backscattered by moving cardiac structures.
Subjects: CARDIOLOGY › Tests for Heart & Circulatory Function › Echocardiography › Doppler Echocardiography, IMAGING › Sonography (Ultrasound)
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J. Lab. clin. Med., 40, 579-92, 1952.
First tomogram of soft tissue.
Subjects: IMAGING › Sonography (Ultrasound), INSTRUMENTS & TECHNOLOGIES
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Brazil-méd., 22, 121-24, 141-44, 1908.
South American blastomycosis.
Subjects: COUNTRIES, CONTINENTS AND REGIONS › Brazil, INFECTIOUS DISEASE › Mycosis
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Erlangen, 1860.
Complete description of tinea cruris (eczema marginatum), first described by Bärensprung in 1854.
Subjects: DERMATOLOGY › Specific Dermatoses
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Ann. Phys. Chem. (Leipzig), 56, 638-41, 1842.
Discovery that benzoic acid taken in with food is excreted in the urine as hippuric acid. (But see the footnote to p. 474 of Garrison’s History of medicine, 1929.)
Subjects: BIOCHEMISTRY, BIOCHEMISTRY › Metabolism
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Gaz., Hôp. (Paris), 81, 1095-1100, 1908.
Ombrédanne ether inhaler.
Subjects: ANESTHESIA › Ether, ANESTHESIA › Inhalers, INSTRUMENTS & TECHNOLOGIES › Medical Instruments › Anesthesia Inhalers
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Bull. Mém. Soc. Chir. Paris., 47, 1120-21, 1921.
First pericardiectomy, for constrictive pericarditis.
Subjects: CARDIOVASCULAR (Cardiac) SURGERY
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Bull. Soc. franς. Derm. Syph., 19, 70-72, 1908.
Ehlers-Danlos syndrome (see also No. 4132). Danlos noted the subcutaneous tumors that may occur in this condition.
Subjects: DERMATOLOGY › Specific Dermatoses, ONCOLOGY & CANCER
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Bull. Mém. Soc. méd. Hôp. Paris, 3 sér., 13, 220-26, 1896.
“Marfan syndrome”. Marfan described only the skeletal deformities. He called the condition dolichostenomelia. Later writers recorded bilateral ectopia lentis and cardiovascular complications in this syndrome.
Subjects: GENETICS / HEREDITY › GENETIC DISORDERS › Marfan Syndrome, ORTHOPEDICS › Diseases of or Injuries to Bones, Joints & Skeleton › Congenital Diseases
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Bull. Soc. Path. exot., 6, 118-20, 1913.
Migone first noted the existence of visceral leishmaniasis in the Americas (Paraguay).
Subjects: COUNTRIES, CONTINENTS AND REGIONS › Paraguay, INFECTIOUS DISEASE › VECTOR-BORNE DISEASES › Sandfly-Borne Diseases › Leishmaniasis, Latin American Medicine
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Nouv. Iconogr. Salpêtr., 25, 223-50, 1912.
“Klippel–Feil syndrome” – absence or incomplete development of cervical vertebrae. English translation in Bick, Classics of orthopaedics, 511-16.
Subjects: ORTHOPEDICS › Diseases of or Injuries to Bones, Joints & Skeleton › Congenital Diseases
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Bull. Ass. franç, Etude Cancer, 10, 160-68, 1921.
Carcinoma of pharynx cured by the Coutard method of Röntgen therapy.
Subjects: ONCOLOGY & CANCER › Carcinoma, ONCOLOGY & CANCER › Radiation (Radiotherapy)
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Siglo méd., 52, 211-13, 1905.
“Tapia’s syndrome” – palato-pharyngo-laryngeal hemiplegia.
Subjects: NEUROLOGY › Diseases of the Nervous System
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Ann. Univ. Med. (Milano), 261, 281-86, 1882.
Important modification of Hahn’s operation of nephropexy.
Subjects: NEPHROLOGY › Renal Disease › Kidney Surgery
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Rev. méd. franç, étrang. 1, 157-8, 1827.
Urethro-cystic speculum (endoscope).
Subjects: INSTRUMENTS & TECHNOLOGIES › Medical Instruments › Endoscope, UROLOGY
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Arch. néerl. Sci. exactes nat., 2 sér., 6, 625-33, 1901.
One of the most distinguished of modern physiologists, Einthoven directed much of his research to the development and perfection of recording instruments. His most famous work was in connexion with his string galvanometer, a perfection of the instrument invented by J. S. C. Schweigger, of Halle. Einthoven was awarded the Nobel Prize in 1924.
Subjects: CARDIOLOGY › Tests for Heart & Circulatory Function › Electrocardiography, INSTRUMENTS & TECHNOLOGIES › Medical Instruments › Electrocardiogram
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Presse méd., 57, 819-20, 1949.
Introduction of ethopropazine (“lysivane”) in the treatment of Parkinson’s disease.
Subjects: NEUROLOGY › Movement Disorders › Parkinson's Disease (paralysis agitans)
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Bull. Soc, méd. Hôp. Paris. (Mém.), 2 sér., 17, 158-64, 1881.
Laveran first saw the malaria parasite on 20 October 1880; he at once recognized its significance. He named it Oscillaria malariae. English translation in Kean (No. 2268.1). Laveran also published a monograph on the discovery: Nature parasitaire des accidents de l’impaludisme. Description d’un nouveau parasite trouvé dans le sang…Paris: Baillière, 1881. See also his "Note sur un nouveau parasite trouvé dans le sang de plusieurs maladies atteints de fièvre palustre," Bulletin de l’Académie de Médicine, 2nd Series. 9 (1880) 1235-1236.
English translations in Paludism. Translated by J.W. Martin. London: New Sydenham Society, 1893. Laveran was awarded the Nobel Prize in 1907.
Subjects: INFECTIOUS DISEASE › VECTOR-BORNE DISEASES › Mosquito-Borne Diseases › Malaria, PARASITOLOGY › Plasmodia, PARASITOLOGY › Plasmodia › P. vivax, P. falciparum, P. malariae, P. ovale, and P. knowlesi
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Buenos Aires: Univ. Nac. de Buenos Aires, 1900.
Subjects: COUNTRIES, CONTINENTS AND REGIONS › Argentina, DERMATOLOGY › Specific Dermatoses, Latin American Medicine, Mycology, Medical, PARASITOLOGY
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Rev. Asoc. méd. argent., 34, 424, 1921.
Perirenal insufflation of oxygen, for the roentgenological study of the kidney.
Subjects: COUNTRIES, CONTINENTS AND REGIONS › Argentina, NEPHROLOGY, NEPHROLOGY › Renal Physiology, RADIOLOGY
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An Circ. med. argent., 15, 585-97, 1892.
As an intern in Buenos Aires, Posadas described an Argentine soldier who had a dermatological problem since 1889. Posadas had seen the patient while a medical student in 1891, and skin biopsies revealed organisms resembling the protozoan Coccidia. See No. 5528.2.
Subjects: COUNTRIES, CONTINENTS AND REGIONS › Argentina, INFECTIOUS DISEASE › Mycosis › Coccidioidomycosis
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Boll. R. Accad. Med. Roma, 64, 136-38, 1938.
Introduction of electric convulsion therapy.
Subjects: PSYCHIATRY, THERAPEUTICS › Medical Electricity / Electrotherapy
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Rev. Soc. Sci. S. Paulo, 3, 109-12. English translation in Kean (No. 2268.1)., 1908.
Splendore discovered Toxoplasma in a rabbit; it was named T. cuniculi.
Subjects: COUNTRIES, CONTINENTS AND REGIONS › Brazil, INFECTIOUS DISEASE › Toxoplasmosis, PARASITOLOGY › Protozoa, PARASITOLOGY › Protozoa › Toxoplasma gondii
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Gaz. med. Torino, 47, 981-96, 1001-17, 1896.
Riva-Rocci’s sphygmomanometer marked the end of the search for a simple clinical method of estimating the blood-pressure. Abridged English translation in Ruskin (No. 3160.1).
Subjects: INSTRUMENTS & TECHNOLOGIES › Medical Instruments › Sphygmomanometer
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Ann Oculist. (Brux.), 86, 5-21, 1881.
Javal and Schiötz here describe an ophthalmometer invented by them.
Subjects: INSTRUMENTS & TECHNOLOGIES, OPHTHALMOLOGY
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Clin. Ophthal., 22, 328-33, 1917.
Attempts to extract cataract by suction and aspiration date from ancient times. Barraquer employed a special machine of his own invention. His co-author Anduyned, seems to be identified by last name only.
Subjects: OPHTHALMOLOGY › Ocular Surgery & Procedures › Cataract
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Geneva: J. G. Fick, 1862.
Dunant’s account of the great sufferings endured by the wounded at Solferino inspired the creation of the International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) in 1863, and resulted in the Geneva Convention of 1864. In 1901 Dunant was awarded the first Nobel Peace Prize. English translations, Washington, 1939 and London, 1947. Digital facsimile of the 1862 edition from the Hathi Trust at this link. Dunant took the unusual step of having "Ne se vend pas" (Not for sale) printed on the title page of the first edition. Presumably he distributed the first 400 copies free of charge. BnF, En français dans le texte (1990) No. 284 notes that only 400 of the 1600 copies originally printed were issued with the first edition title page in 1862; later in 1862 Dunant had the remaining copies reissued with a cancel title page indicating that they represented a second edition. Altogether 7 editions were issued in French during Dunant's lifetime.
Subjects: Global Health, MILITARY MEDICINE, SURGERY & HYGIENE, PUBLIC HEALTH
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Cairo: Institut français d'archéologie orientale, 1989.
Dating from about 450 BCE, this papyrus concerns snakes and the treatments for snake bites, and also the treatment of scorpion bites and spider bites.
Subjects: ANCIENT MEDICINE › Medical Papyri, TOXICOLOGY, TOXICOLOGY › Zootoxicology, Zoology, Natural History, Ancient Greek / Roman / Egyptian
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Jb. Kinderheilk, 79, 1-10, 1914.
First description of that form of xanthomatosis which Pick described more fully in 1926 (No. 3785) and to which the eponym “Niemann-Pick disease” has been applied.
Subjects: GENETICS / HEREDITY › HEREDITARY / CONGENITAL DISEASES OR DISORDERS › Inherited Metabolic Disorders › Niemann-Pick Disease
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London: Macmillan, 1982.
The most comprehensive work on the subject. Articles reprinted primarily from Brit. J. Anaesth., with new introduction and index.
Subjects: ANESTHESIA › History of Anesthesia
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J. Amer. Med. Assoc., 53, 178-183, 1909.
Closed ramisection of the mandible for micrognathia or prognathism.
Subjects: PLASTIC & RECONSTRUCTIVE SURGERY › Cranialfacial Surgery
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Stockholm: Kongl. Wet. Acad, 1764.
Sir Frederic Still considered this work “the most progressive which had yet been written”; it gave an impetus to research which influenced the future course of pediatrics. Rosén was particularly interested in infant feeding. The Underrättelserwere originally published in the calenders of the Academy and were later collected and issued in book form in 1764. English and German translations in 1776. For a biography, bibliography, and essays on this book, see Nils Rosen von Rosenstein and his textbook on paediatrics, ed. B. Vahlquist and A. Wallgren. Acta paediat., 1964. Suppl. 156.
Subjects: PEDIATRICS
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Kongl. Vetenskaps-Acad. Handl., 37, 327-32, 1776.
Discovery of uric acid. English translation in his Chemical Essays, London, 1786.
Subjects: BIOCHEMISTRY, COUNTRIES, CONTINENTS AND REGIONS › Sweden
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Upsala LäkFören. Förh., 11, 538-79, 1875 – 1876.
Investigating the mechanism of blood coagulation, Hammarsten showed it to be accomplished by the splitting up of fibrinogen into fibrin and other substances.
Subjects: HEMATOLOGY › Coagulation
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Westport, CT: Greenwood Press, 1984.
Subjects: HEPATOLOGY › History of Hepatology
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N.Y. med. J., 56, 505-08, 1892.
Independently of Nonne (No. 4106) Milroy described congenital edema of the legs; it has been given the eponym “Milroy’s disease”.
Subjects: DERMATOLOGY › Specific Dermatoses
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Bull. Soc. Path. exot., 3, 492-96, 1910.
First description of fievre boutonneuse, a form of tick-borne typhus found in Tunisia.
Subjects: COUNTRIES, CONTINENTS AND REGIONS › Tunisia, INFECTIOUS DISEASE › VECTOR-BORNE DISEASES › Lice-Borne Diseases › Typhus, INFECTIOUS DISEASE › VECTOR-BORNE DISEASES › Tick-Borne Diseases
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Bull. Mém. Soc. méd. Hôp. Paris, 3 sér., 45, 1228-30, 1921.
“Léri’s pleonosteosis” first described.
Subjects: GENETICS / HEREDITY › HEREDITARY / CONGENITAL DISEASES OR DISORDERS › Congenital Rheumatologic Diseases › Leri Pleonosteosis, ORTHOPEDICS › Diseases of or Injuries to Bones, Joints & Skeleton › Congenital Diseases , RHEUMATOLOGY
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Brussels: Fondation Egyptologique Reine Elisabeth, 1944.
Subjects: ANCIENT MEDICINE › Egypt, PARASITOLOGY, PATHOLOGY › Paleopathology
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Acta paediat. (Stockh.), 4, 158-82, 1924.
Acute lymphocytic choriomeningitis (aseptic meningitis syndrome) first described.
Subjects: INFECTIOUS DISEASE › Neuroinfectious Diseases › Meningitis, NEUROLOGY › Inflammatory Conditions › Cerebrospinal Meningitis
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C. R. Soc. Biol. (Paris), 53, 452-53, 1901.
Subjects: ANESTHESIA
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C. R. Soc. Biol. (Paris), (1869), 5 sér., 1, 312-15, 1870.
First demonstration of the atrophy of the anterior horns of the spinal cord in infantile paralysis, confirming earlier suggestions of von Heine and Duchenne.
Subjects: NEUROLOGY › Child Neurology, NEUROLOGY › Inflammatory Conditions › Poliomyelitis
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Frankfurt: Peter Lang, 2009.
Subjects: COUNTRIES, CONTINENTS AND REGIONS › China, People's Republic of, China, History & Practice of Medicine in, POLICY, HEALTH, Social or Sociopolitical Histories of Medicine & the Life Sciences
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New Haven, CT: College and University Press, 1968.
The central theme of this book is that health policy in the Unitesd States is the product of a deep ambivalence in public attitudes that on the one hand support a private, market-oriented health provision system, while on the other hand favoring a collective, increasingly public, means of financing. In 1985 Anderson issued what was essentially a revised and extended version of this book as Health services in the United States: A growth enterprise since 1875 (Ann Arbor, MI: Health Adminstration Press, 1985).
Subjects: ECONOMICS, BIOMEDICAL › History of Biomedical Economics, Insurance, Health › History of Health Insurance, Social or Sociopolitical Histories of Medicine & the Life Sciences
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Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 2007.
Subjects: COUNTRIES, CONTINENTS AND REGIONS › Bolivia, Latin American Medicine › History of Latin American Medicine, POLICY, HEALTH, PUBLIC HEALTH › History of Public Health, Social or Sociopolitical Histories of Medicine & the Life Sciences
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Washington, DC: National Academies Press, 2003.
"Congress, in 1999, requested an IOM study to assess the extent of disparities in the types and quality of health services received by U.S. racial and ethnic minorities and non-minorities; explore factors that may contribute to inequities in care; and recommend policies and practices to eliminate these inequities.
"The report from that study, Unequal Treatment: Confronting Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Health Care, found that a consistent body of research demonstrates significant variation in the rates of medical procedures by race, even when insurance status, income, age, and severity of conditions are comparable. This research indicates that U.S. racial and ethnic minorities are less likely to receive even routine medical procedures and experience a lower quality of health services.
"The report says a large body of research underscores the existence of disparities. For example, minorities are less likely to be given appropriate cardiac medications or to undergo bypass surgery, and are less likely to receive kidney dialysis or transplants. By contrast, they are more likely to receive certain less-desirable procedures, such as lower limb amputations for diabetes and other conditions.
"The committee's recommendations for reducing racial and ethnic disparities in health care include increasing awareness about disparities among the general public, health care providers, insurance companies, and policy-makers.
"Consistency and equity of care also should be promoted through the use of "evidence-based" guidelines to help providers and health plans make decisions about which procedures to order or pay for based on the best available science. More minority health care providers are needed, especially since they are more likely to serve in minority and medically underserved communities, the report says and more interpreters should be available in clinics and hospitals to overcome language barriers that may affect the quality of care:" (http://www.nationalacademies.org/hmd/Reports/2002/Unequal-Treatment-Confronting-Racial-and-Ethnic-Disparities-in-Health-Care.aspx).
Subjects: BLACK PEOPLE & MEDICINE & BIOLOGY, SOCIAL MEDICINE
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Lancet, 1, 590-91, 1924.
Diazo-color test of renal function.
Subjects: NEPHROLOGY › Renal Physiology › Tests for Kidney Function
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Munich: J. F. Bergmann, 1926.
Investigation of the effect of starvation and overfeeding on the gonads and on sexual capacity.
Subjects: Genito-Urinary System, NUTRITION / DIET
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Lancet, 321 (8336) 1273-5, 1983.
Subjects: BACTERIOLOGY › BACTERIA (mostly pathogenic; sometimes indexed only to genus) › Gram-Negative Bacteria › Helicobacter, GASTROENTEROLOGY › Diseases of the Digestive System › Gastric / Duodenal Ulcer
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Ann. intern. Med., 86, 1-5, 1977.
Order of authorship in the original paper: Butler, Weaver, Ramani....Bobo....First description of a newly discovered bacterium associated with dog bites, affecting in this case alcoholic patients or patients predisposed to illness. Pencillin is recommended for treatment.
Followed by: Bobo, R. A. and Newton, E. J., "A previously undescribed gram-negative bacillus causing septicemia and meningitis," Am. j. Path., 65, 564-569,1976. At this time the bacteria, which would in 1989 be named Capnocytophaga canimorsus, was thought to affect primarily immunocompromised or alcoholic patients.
(Thanks to Juan Weiss for this reference and its interpretation.)
Subjects: INFECTIOUS DISEASE › Animal Bite Wound Infections, INFECTIOUS DISEASE › Neuroinfectious Diseases › Meningitis
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J. biol. Chem., 169, 455-56, 1947.
Mary Shorb provided a method of biological assay of liver extracts that made possible the isolation of vitamin B12.
Subjects: NUTRITION / DIET › Vitamins, WOMEN, Publications by › Years 1900 - 1999
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Science, 108, 61-62, 1948.
Isolation of the Coxsackie virus from the stool of a patient residing in Coxsackie, New York.
Subjects: INFECTIOUS DISEASE › Coxsackie Virus Diseases, PEDIATRICS, VIROLOGY › VIRUSES (by Family) › Picornaviridae › Coxsackievirus, WOMEN, Publications by › Years 1900 - 1999
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J. Amer. med. Assoc., 47, 1638-45, 1906.
First description of unilateral descending paralysis.
Subjects: NEUROLOGY › Degenerative Disorders
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Med. Times Gaz., 1, 588-89, 1863.
“Jacksonian epilepsy” is so called from the excellent account of unilateral epilepsy with spasm given by Jackson. Actually, Bravais (No. 4810) was first to note the condition.
Subjects: NEUROLOGY › Epilepsy
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Arch. Derm. (Chicago), 78, 483-7, 1958.
Subjects: DERMATOLOGY › Specific Dermatoses
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Amer. J. Path., 10, 731-38, 1934.
Cultivation of Histoplasma capsulatum before DeMonbreun (No. 5542); preliminary announcement in Science, 1933, 77, Suppl. 2002, p. 8. DeMonbreun and Hansmann & Schenken independently and almost simultaneously demonstrated the fungal nature of the pathogen.
Subjects: INFECTIOUS DISEASE › Mycosis
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Paris: L. Hachette, 1861.
De Quatrefages was one of the most eminent French anthropologists.
Subjects: ANTHROPOLOGY
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Brooks City-Base TX: USAF School of Aerospace Medicine, 2007.
Subjects: BLACK PEOPLE & MEDICINE & BIOLOGY › History of Black People & Medicine & Biology, MILITARY MEDICINE, SURGERY & HYGIENE › Air Force, MILITARY MEDICINE, SURGERY & HYGIENE › History of Military Medicine, MILITARY MEDICINE, SURGERY & HYGIENE › World War II
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Washington, DC: Center for Military History, United States Army, 1987.
Subjects: COUNTRIES, CONTINENTS AND REGIONS › Korea, MILITARY MEDICINE, SURGERY & HYGIENE › History of Military Medicine, MILITARY MEDICINE, SURGERY & HYGIENE › Korean War
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New York: New York Public Library, 1942.
Reprinted with additions and corrections from the Bulletin of the New York Public Library of February 1940 and January, July and October 1941.
Subjects: BIBLIOGRAPHY › Bibliographies of Natural History, VOYAGES & Travels by Physicians, Surgeons & Scientists › History of Voyages & Travels by Physicians....
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Washington, DC: Commissioned Officers Association of the United States Public Health Service, 1951.
Subjects: COUNTRIES, CONTINENTS AND REGIONS › United States , PUBLIC HEALTH › History of Public Health
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Ann Arbor, MI & Washington, DC, 1950 – 1966.
Two quinquennial and one sexennial cumulations of annual volumes. 6 vols., 1950-54; 6 vols., 1955-59; 6 vols., 1960-65. Author and subject indexes. First series under title “U.S. Armed Forces Medical Library”. See also No. 6763; continued by No. 6786.9.
Subjects: BIBLIOGRAPHY › Catalogues of Institutional Medical Libraries
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Surg. Gynec. Obstet., 2, 266-286, 1906.
"The possibility of transforming a vein into an artery, from a functional point of view, naturally arouses the idea of substituting veins for arteries when the latter are rendered useless by some pathological processes." This paper anticipated the use of vein grafts to restore circulation in damaged arteries to the heart, the so-called coronary artery bypass graft.
Subjects: CARDIOVASCULAR (Cardiac) SURGERY, TRANSPLANTATION
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Hamburg: Ex officina Frobeniana, 1603.
The first treatise on gynecology written by a Portuguese author, the work was written in two parts: Part one, about theory, was titled De natura mulierum (On female nature) and was divided into four books: (1) Anatomy of the uterus and the breasts; (2) Semen and menstruation; (3) Intercourse, conception, and pregnancy; (4) Childbirth and breastfeeding. Part two, titled De morbis mulierum (On female diseases) was more practical in nature, but was also divided into four books: (1) Diseases common to all women; (2) Diseases of widows and virgins; (3) Diseases related to generation and pregnancy; (4) Puerperal and wetnurses’ diseases.
In exploring issues in physiology and anatomy, embryology, conception, sex, pregnancy, abortion, infertility, childbirth, monstrous beings, etc de Castro evaluated classical and Arabic traditional thinking on these subjects in the writings of Hippocrates, Aristotle, Pliny, Soranus, Galen, Averroes, Avicenna, etc., He also established a multivocal dialogue between traditional ideas and new ideas, engaging with the work of more contemporary authors such as Du Laurens, Amato Lusitano, Mercado, Akakia, Paré, Rousset, Mercuriale and others.
Digital facsimile of the 1604 edition from Google Books at this link.
Subjects: Jews and Medicine, OBSTETRICS & GYNECOLOGY › GYNECOLOGY
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St. Andrews, Fife, Scotland: University of St. Andrews, 2007.
"The USTC is a collective database of all books published in Europe between the invention of printing and the end of the sixteenth century" (http://ustc.ac.uk/index.php, accessed 12-2016). It is hosted by the University of St. Andrews.
Subjects: BIBLIOGRAPHY › Online Access Catalogues & Bibliographic Databases
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London: Institute of Classical Studies... University of London, 2002.
Subjects: ANCIENT MEDICINE › Roman Empire › History of Medicine in the Roman Empire
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Münch, med. Wschr., 51, 953-54., 1904.
Frank obtained the first perfect pulse curves with special manometers, the so-called “Frank capsules”.
Subjects: CARDIOLOGY › CARDIOVASCULAR PHYSIOLOGY, CARDIOLOGY › CARDIOVASCULAR PHYSIOLOGY › Anatomy of the Heart & Circulatory System
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Lancet 2, 200-01, 1895.
“Broadbent’s sign” – recession of the intercostal spaces as a sign of adherent pericardium.
Subjects: CARDIOLOGY › CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE › Pericardial Diseases
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New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1995.
An autobiographical study of bipolar disorder by a distinguished American clinical psychologist who personally suffers from this disorder.
Subjects: BIOGRAPHY (Reference Works) › Autobiography, PSYCHIATRY › Bipolar Disorder, WOMEN, Publications by › Years 1900 - 1999
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Leipzig & Berlin: Wilhelm Engelmann, 1914.
Wenckebach was the first to demonstrate (pp. 173-75) the value of quinine (“Wenckebach’s pills”) in the treatment of paroxysmal fibrillation. The same work contains a number of excellent descriptions of various forms of cardiac arrythmia. The second edition, written in co-operation with Heinrich Winterberg, was expanded to 2 vols, Leipzig, Engelmann, 1927.
Subjects: CARDIOLOGY › CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE › Arrythmias, PHARMACOLOGY › PHARMACEUTICALS › Botanic Sources of Single Component Drugs › Cinchona Bark › Quinine
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Dtsch. med. Wschr., 61, 264 (only), 1935.
First report of the use of an antimicrobial agent in the treatment of obstetric infections.
Subjects: OBSTETRICS & GYNECOLOGY › OBSTETRICS › Puerperal Fever
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Leipzig: F. C. W. Vogel, 1874.
In this work His compared the various layers and organs of the embryo to a series of elastic tubes and plates. He thought that the local inequalities of growth and the differences in the consistency of the tissues might account for the various organs and structures. This work led to the idea of “developmental mechanics”.
Subjects: EMBRYOLOGY
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Nature, 190, 576-80, 1961.
Demonstration of the existence of “messenger” RNA. The following paper (pp. 581-85) by F. Gros et al. is also relevant.
Subjects: BIOLOGY › MOLECULAR BIOLOGY, BIOLOGY › MOLECULAR BIOLOGY › Protein Synthesis
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Leipzig: Wilhelm Engelmann, 1908.
First report on the Mauer jaw discovered by Schoetensack in a sandpit or quarry in the environs of Heidelberg. This was the first fossil specimen unearthed of an extinct hominin species which Schoetensack named Homo heidelbergensis.
Subjects: ANTHROPOLOGY › Paleoanthropology, ANTHROPOLOGY › Physical Anthropology, COUNTRIES, CONTINENTS AND REGIONS › Germany, EVOLUTION › Human Origins / Human Evolution
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Wroclaw (Vratislava, Breslau) & Leipzig: D. Pietsch, 1737.
The treatment of fevers by means of the cold pack was revived by S. Hahn and by his son J. S. Hahn; in his treatise, the latter advised the use of water in all diseases. A seventh edition of the book appeared as recently as 1938.
Subjects: THERAPEUTICS › Balneotherapy, THERAPEUTICS › Hydrotherapy
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Ann. Chem. (Heidelberg), 39, 360-62, 1841.
Trommer’s test for glucose in urine.
Subjects: Metabolism & Metabolic Disorders › Diabetes
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Munich: J. G. Cotta, 1855.
Pettenkofer gave much attention to the etiology of cholera. He postulated the theory that a specific germ, certain local conditions, certain seasonal conditions, and certain individual conditions are all necessary for an epidemic to occur (the Boden theory).
Subjects: EPIDEMIOLOGY, INFECTIOUS DISEASE › Cholera
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Ann. Chem Pharm., 65, 1-37; 67, 1-60; 70, 149-97, 1848, 1849.
Subjects: BIOCHEMISTRY
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Dtsch. Klinik, 12, 113-15, 121-23, 131-35, 143-46. 151-55, 1860.
Invention of the modern otoscope.
Subjects: INSTRUMENTS & TECHNOLOGIES › Medical Instruments › Otoscope, OTOLOGY › Otologic Instruments, OTOLOGY › Otologic Instruments › Otoscope
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Berlin: Julius Springer, 1906 – 1923.
In a series of papers, Fischer showed that animal and vegetable proteins are composed of a series of amino-acids united by elimination of water.
Subjects: BIOCHEMISTRY
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Beitr. Biol. Pflanzen, 1, Heft 2, 127-224; Heft 3, 141-207; 1876, 2, Heft 2, 249-76, 1872, 1875.
Cohn’s morphological classification of bacteria. He founded the Beiträge.
Subjects: BACTERIOLOGY › Bacteria, Classification of, MICROBIOLOGY
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Pflüg. Arch. ges. Physiol., 32, 519-41, 1883.
Pflüger was one of the earliest workers in the field of experimental embryology. Above, his first work on the subject, deals with the cross fertilization of different species of frog.
Subjects: EMBRYOLOGY
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Arch. Anat. Physiol, wiss. Med., 564-642, 748-835, 1859.
Proof of the coagulability of muscle proteins.
Subjects: BIOCHEMISTRY
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Dtsch. med. Wschr., 10, 579-82, 1884.
Finkler and Prior isolated Vibrio proteus from stools in a case of acute gastro-enteritis.
Subjects: BACTERIOLOGY › BACTERIA (mostly pathogenic; sometimes indexed only to genus) › Gram-Negative Bacteria › Vibrio , GASTROENTEROLOGY › Diseases of the Digestive System, INFECTIOUS DISEASE › Cholera
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Berlin: A. Hirschwald, 1874.
Hitzig accurately defined the limits of the motor area in the cerebral cortex of the dog and the monkey.
Subjects: NEUROSCIENCE › NERVOUS SYSTEM › Brain, including Medulla: Cerebrospinal Fluid
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Zbl. Bakt., I Abt., Orig., 125, 145-58, 1932.
Yellow fever virus grown in tissue culture.
Subjects: INFECTIOUS DISEASE › VECTOR-BORNE DISEASES › Mosquito-Borne Diseases › Yellow Fever, VIROLOGY › VIRUSES (by Family) › Flaviviridae › Yellow Fever Virus
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Leipzig: Wilhelm Engelmann, 1861.
Histology of the lymphatics. His drew the illustrations.
Subjects: ANATOMY › Microscopic Anatomy (Histology), Lymphatic System
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Abh. naturf. Ges. Halle, 7, 1-100, 1862.
Schultze’s classic paper on the nerves to the neuro-epithelium in the special sense organs marks an epoch in histology. He described the cells of the olfactory muccous membrane, “Schultze’s cells”.
Subjects: ANATOMY › Microscopic Anatomy (Histology), ANATOMY › Neuroanatomy, ANATOMY › Neuroanatomy › Comparative Neuroanatomy
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Würzburg: Stahel, 1861.
Subjects: INFECTIOUS DISEASE › SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES › Syphilis
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Heidelberg: C. Winter, 1871.
Subjects: NEUROSCIENCE › NERVOUS SYSTEM › Peripheral Nerves / Nerve Impulses
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L. Z. wiss. Zool., 51, 685-736, 1891.
In his study of the testicles of the firebug (Pyrrhocoris) Henking noticed that one chromosome did not take part in meiosis. He named this X element because its strange behavior made him unsure whether it was genuinely a chromosome. After it was established that the "X element" was indeed a chromosome it became known as the X chromosome.
Subjects: BIOLOGY › Reproduction, EMBRYOLOGY
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Berlin: A. Hirschwald, 1873.
Senator was a director of the Charité Hospital in Berlin and later at the university polyclinic. His study of fever represents his best work.
Subjects: Medicine: General Works
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Berlin: A. Hirschwald, 1867 – 1868.
Hermann’s views on nitrogen metabolism in muscular work correctly anticipated the later conclusions of Fletcher, Hopkins, and others.
Subjects: BIOCHEMISTRY › Metabolism
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Mschr. Ohrenheilk., 40, 193-297; 41, 477-526, 1906.
Bárány’s pointing test for the localization of circumscribed cerebellar lesions. Republished in book form, Berlin, 1906. He was awarded the Nobel Prize in 1914 for his work on the vestibular apparatus.
Subjects: NEUROLOGY, OTOLOGY › Physiology of Hearing
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Acta physiol. scand., 7, 97-107, 1944.
Introduction of dextran as plasma substitute.
Subjects: HEMATOLOGY, THERAPEUTICS › Blood Transfusion
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Arch. exp. Path. Pharmak., 45, 389-434, 1901.
Magnus-Levy studied the relationship of ß-oxybutyric acid and diabetic coma.
Subjects: Metabolism & Metabolic Disorders › Diabetes
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Leipzig: F. C. W. Vogel, 1878.
Koch’s epochal work on the etiology of traumatic infectious disease established his reputation. He inoculated animals with material from various sources and produced six types of infection, each due to microorganisms. He carried these infections through several generations of animals. These experiments determined the role of bacteria in the etiology of wound infections and demonstrated for the first time the specificity of infection. This work also contains the first explicit statement of the criteria implicit in Henle (See No. 2533) on contagion, which later became known as Koch’s postulates. See also Nos. 2331 and 5167. English translation, New Sydenham Society, 1880.
Subjects: IMMUNOLOGY › Immunization, INFECTIOUS DISEASE, INFECTIOUS DISEASE › GENERAL PRINCIPLES of Infection by Microorganisms, SURGERY: General › Wound Healing
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Beitr. path. Anat., 9, 1-240, 1890.
Isolation of Actinomyces graminis from human actinomycosis, and staining method for Actinomyces.
Subjects: BACTERIOLOGY › BACTERIA (mostly pathogenic; sometimes indexed only to genus) › Gram-Negative Bacteria › Actinomyces, INFECTIOUS DISEASE › Actinomycosis
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Arch. Derm. Syph. (Wien), 136, 428-82, 1921.
Lipschütz’s account of herpes virus diseases included identification of the characteristic inclusion bodies (“Zosterkörperchen”).
Subjects: DERMATOLOGY › Specific Dermatoses › Herpes Zoster (Shingles), INFECTIOUS DISEASE › Herpes, INFECTIOUS DISEASE › Herpes › Herpes Simplex, INFECTIOUS DISEASE › Herpes › Herpes Zoster (Shingles), VIROLOGY › VIRUSES (by Family) › Herpesviridae › Varicella zoster virus
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K. Ges. -Amt., 2, 421-99, 1884.
Loeffler succeeded in cultivating C. diphtheriae, the diphtheria bacillus. He reproduced the characteristic membrane by swabbing the mucous membranes of various animals with pure cultures of the bacillus.
In this paper Loeffler, who was working as one of Koch's assistants, stated on p. 424 three postulates similar to Koch's 4 postulates:
1. The organisms must be shown to be constantly present in characteristic form and arrangement in the diseased tissue.
2. The organisms which, from their behavior appear to be responsible for the disease, must be isolated and cultivated in purity.
3. The pure cultures must be shown to induce disease experimentally.
D. Jay Grimes, "Koch's postulates- then and now," Microbe 1 (2006) 223-228.
Subjects: BACTERIOLOGY › BACTERIA (mostly pathogenic; sometimes indexed only to genus) › Gram-Positive Bacteria › Corynebacterium diphtheriae, INFECTIOUS DISEASE › Diphtheria, INFECTIOUS DISEASE › GENERAL PRINCIPLES of Infection by Microorganisms
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Berlin: A. Hirschwald, 1872.
Cohnheim developed the doctrine of infarction as a result of occlusion of terminal arteries. He explained the haemorrhagic nature of certain infarcts on the basis of a reflux flow and diapedesis through the altered capillaries of the infarcted area.
Subjects: CARDIOLOGY › CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE, CARDIOLOGY › CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE › Aortic Diseases, CARDIOLOGY › CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE › Coronary Artery Disease › Myocardial Infarction
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Berlin: Georg Reimer, 1860.
The first monograph on experimental teratology.
Subjects: TERATOLOGY, ZOOLOGY › Ornithology
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Beitr. Anat. Physiol., 3, 123-70, 1863.
Important studies of the erector mechanism.
Subjects: Genito-Urinary System, PHYSIOLOGY › Comparative Physiology
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S. B. k. Akad. Wiss. Wien, math.-nat. Cl., 3 Abt., 74, 173-85, 1876.
Stricker was the first to describe vasodilatation on stimulation of the posterior nerve roots.
Subjects: CARDIOLOGY › CARDIOVASCULAR PHYSIOLOGY, NEUROSCIENCE › Neurophysiology
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Arch. Psychiat. Nervenkr., 7, 393-495, 1877.
Forel elucidated the subthalamic region, “campus Foreli”.
Subjects: NEUROSCIENCE › NERVOUS SYSTEM › Brain, including Medulla: Cerebrospinal Fluid
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Vjschr. prakt. Heilk., 55, 81-94, 1857.
Petters discovered acetone in diabetic urine.
Subjects: Metabolism & Metabolic Disorders › Diabetes
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Leipzig: Wilhelm Engelmann, 1863.
Discovery of the accelerator or excitatory nerve fibres of the heart (pp. 191-232), “Bezold’s ganglia”.
Subjects: CARDIOLOGY › CARDIOVASCULAR PHYSIOLOGY › Anatomy of the Heart & Circulatory System
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Vienna: Wilhelm Braumüller, 1881.
Exner identified the superficial tangential fibers of the molecular layer of the cerebral cortex, known eponymically as “Exner’s plexus”.
Exner’s book of 1881 on cortical localization contained maps based on the clinical manifestations of cerebral lesions…. Exner was among those postulating the existence of precise functional ‘centers’ with a minute parcellation of the cortex, based on the belief that the site of a lesion producing a specific functional disturbance indicated the location of that function. He is best known for siting his ‘writing center’ in the posterior part of the second frontal convolution.” (Clarke and Dewhurst).
Subjects: Cartography, Medical & Biological, NEUROSCIENCE › NERVOUS SYSTEM › Brain, including Medulla: Cerebrospinal Fluid
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Arch. physiol. Heilk., 7, 359-402, 530-60, 1848.
Subjects: CARDIOLOGY › CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE › Aneurysms
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L. Arch. exp. Path. Pharmak. 3, 16-43, 1875.
Schmiedeberg isolated digitoxin from digitalis.
Subjects: PHARMACOLOGY › PHARMACEUTICALS › Botanic Sources of Single Component Drugs › Digitalis, PHARMACOLOGY › PHARMACEUTICALS › Cardiovascular Medications
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Berlin: A. Hirschwald, 1859.
One of the most interesting works of its time on the physiology of nerve. In it Pflüger first stated the laws governing the make and break stimulation of nerve with the galvanic current. Pflüger was a pupil of Müller and du Bois-Reymond.
Subjects: NEUROSCIENCE › Neurophysiology, PHYSIOLOGY › Electrophysiology
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Ann. Chem. Pharm. (Heidelberg), Suppl. 2, 52-70, 1862 – 1863.
The first combined feeding–respiration experiments. Pettenkofer and Voit devised an apparatus for their important experiments on respiration and metabolism. They were first to estimate the amounts of protein, fat, and carbohydrate broken down in the body.
Subjects: BIOCHEMISTRY › Metabolism, RESPIRATION
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Abh. k. sächs. Ges. Wiss. (Lpz.), math.-phys. Cl., (1896), 23, 169-266, 1897.
In his investigations on cutaneous sensibility Frey introduced his method of testing the sensitiveness of pressure points by means of bristles mounted in a handle.
Subjects: DERMATOLOGY › Physiology of the Skin, PSYCHOLOGY › Sensation / Perception
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Berlin: Reimer, 1892.
First study of the cartilage changes in achondroplasia.
Subjects: ORTHOPEDICS › Diseases of or Injuries to Bones, Joints & Skeleton › Congenital Diseases
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Arch. exp. Path. Pharmak., 7, 148-78, 1877.
Subjects: BIOCHEMISTRY
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Würzburg: Stahel, 1859.
Schiff’s reports on his experimental thyroidectomies, which were attended with fatal results. Subsequently (Arch. exp. Path. Pharmak., 1884, 18, 25) he showed that intra-abdominal transplantation of the gland would obviate fatal results in thyroidectomy.
Subjects: ENDOCRINOLOGY › Thyroid
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z. Krebsforsch.13, 217-80; 14, 295-326, 1913, 1914.
Fibiger demonstrated in rodents the effect of nematodes in the development of carcinoma. He was awarded the Nobel Prize in 1926. Subsequently his results were not confirmed, and are no longer accepted.
Subjects: ONCOLOGY & CANCER, ONCOLOGY & CANCER › Carcinoma
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Arb. physiol. Anst. Leipzig, (1870), 5, 41-52, 1871.
First investigation of the effect of poisons on the frog’s heart. In some cases Schmiedeberg found that stimulation of the vagus after administration of poisons produced acceleration of the heart rate.
Subjects: CARDIOLOGY › CARDIOVASCULAR PHYSIOLOGY, TOXICOLOGY
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Braunschweig: Friedrich Vieweg, 1864.
Among the instruments introduced by Fick for the study of muscle and nerve physiology were the myotonograph, the cosine lever, and an improved thermopile.
Subjects: INSTRUMENTS & TECHNOLOGIES › Medical Instruments, NEUROSCIENCE › Neurophysiology, PHYSIOLOGY › Electrophysiology
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Braunschweig: Friedrich Vieweg & Sohn, 1865.
Deiters showed that each nerve-cell possesses an axis-cylinder or nerve-fiber process. His name is perpetuated in “Deiters’ cells” and “nucleus”. Dieters died of typhus in 1863 at the age of 29; his book was edited from Deiters' notes by the histologist, Max Schultze. See Clarke & O'Malley, The Human Brain and Spinal Cord, p. 66.
Subjects: NEUROSCIENCE › NERVOUS SYSTEM › Peripheral Nerves / Nerve Impulses
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Leipzig: F. C. W. Vogel, 1885.
Hess considered this the foremost contribution to the subject during the 19th century.
Subjects: NUTRITION / DIET › Deficiency Diseases › Rickets
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Leipzig: F. C. W. Vogel, 1885.
On the effects of dust inhalation. Digital facsimile from the Internet Archive at this link.
Subjects: OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH & MEDICINE , ONCOLOGY & CANCER
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Berlin: G. Reimer, 1848 – 1884.
A pupil of J. Müller, Emil du Bois-Reymond was the founder of modern electrophysiology. He introduced faradic stimulation and made an exhaustive investigation of physiological tetanus. Above is a collective edition of his writings on the subject. Extracts were translated into English in H.B. Jones, On animal electricity … London, 1852, and more extensive portions in C.E. Morgan, Electrophysiology and therapeutics, New York, 1868. Digital facsimile from the Internet Archive at this link.
Subjects: PHYSIOLOGY › Electrophysiology
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Leipzig: C. F. Winter, 1860.
Leuckart provided an articulate and detailed description of Trichinella spiralis.
Subjects: INFECTIOUS DISEASE › DISEASES DUE TO METAZOAN PARASITES, INFECTIOUS DISEASE › Food-Borne Diseases › Trichinosis
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Münch med. Wschr., 35, 315-18, 1888.
Salmonella typhi first demonstrated in the gall-bladder in cases of typhoid.
Subjects: INFECTIOUS DISEASE › Salmonellosis, INFECTIOUS DISEASE › Salmonellosis › Typhoid Fever
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Berlin: G. Reimer, 1855.
Simplification of von Baer’s classification of the germ-layers.
Subjects: EMBRYOLOGY
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Mittheil. Kais. Gesundheitsamte, 1, 1-48, 1881.
Koch’s description of his methods of growing bacterial cultures in gelatine solutions, making films of bacteria on cover slips and fixing them by gentle heat, and staining slides differentially by aniline. These methods are the bases on which bacteriology largely rests.
Subjects: BACTERIOLOGY › Bacteriology, Laboratory techniques in, MICROBIOLOGY
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Zürich: Meyer u. Zeller, 1844.
Includes a description of “Bruch’s membrane” of the choroid.
Subjects: OPHTHALMOLOGY › Anatomy of the Eye & Orbit
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Jena: Gustav Fischer, 1884 – 1890.
Subjects: BIOLOGY › Cell Biology
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Amsterdam: T. J. van Holkema, 1888.
Fürbringer specialized in avian morphology and classification; he undertook the first major phylogenetic ordering of bird groups based on a large scale study of skeletal, morphological and anatomical characteristics. Digital facsimile of the 2 vols. from the Biodiversity Heritage Library at this link.
Subjects: COMPARATIVE ANATOMY, ZOOLOGY › Ornithology
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Pflüg. Arch. ges. Physiol., , 92, 521-62; 122, 129-95; 124, 462-68, 1902, 1908.
Bernstein’s studies on the nature of muscular contraction included the observation that changes in surface tension are a controlling factor in the development of the energy of muscular contraction.
Subjects: PHYSIOLOGY › Biophysics, PHYSIOLOGY › Electrophysiology
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J. Amer. med. Ass. 113, 126-27, 1939.
Discovery of the Rh antigen.
Subjects: HEMATOLOGY › Blood Groups, HEMATOLOGY › Immunohematology
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Arch. Derm. Syph. (Chicago), 13, 761-81, 1926.
Pemphigus erythematodes. “Senear–Usher syndrome”.
Subjects: DERMATOLOGY › Specific Dermatoses
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Milan: U. Hoepli, 1876.
Lombroso inaugurated the doctrine of a “criminal type”. His systematic studies showed that in general the criminal population exhibits a higher percentage of physical, nervous and mental anomalies than the normal population; this he attributed partly to degeneration and partly to atavism.
Subjects: ANTHROPOLOGY, Criminology & Medical Criminology, PSYCHOLOGY
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Brit. med. J., 1, 908-12, 1906.
Morgan’s bacillus, Proteus morgani.
Subjects: BACTERIOLOGY › BACTERIA (mostly pathogenic; sometimes indexed only to genus) › Gram-Negative Bacteria › Proteus , PEDIATRICS
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Proc. Am. Assoc. Adv. Sci., 31st Meeting, 151-205, 1883.
Subjects: Electrodiagnosis, Forensic Medicine (Legal Medicine), INSTRUMENTS & TECHNOLOGIES
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Arch. klin. Chir., 2, 205-87, 1862.
Langenbeck has several operations named after him, one of the most important being that for cleft palate. Abridged English translation in No. 5768.2.
Subjects: PLASTIC & RECONSTRUCTIVE SURGERY › Cleft Lip & Palate
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Orvosi hetilap, 45, 659-62, 1901.
Géza von Illyés showed that ureteral calculi could be accurately demonstrated by x rays with the help of an indwelling opaque catheter. German translation in Dtsch. Z. Chir., 1901, 62, 132-40.
Subjects: IMAGING › X-ray, UROLOGY › Urinary Calculi
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Ann. Surg., 19, 70-77, 1894.
Kelly’s method of uretero-ureteral anastomosis included the use of the catheter as a temporary ureteral splint.
Subjects: UROLOGY
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Padua: I[m]pressus [per] m[a]g[ist]r[u]m Matheu[m] Cerdonis [de] Uuindischgrecz, 1483.
Gilles de Corbeil's medical poem De urinis was based on writings by Theophilus Protospatharius by way of the Articella. Poems such as this were intended as mnemonic aids for students, and they tended to be widely used.
"Gentile's commentary de urinarum iudiciis makes a first attempt to comprehend the physiology of urine formation; aided by his dissection of cadavers, Gentile asserted that urine associated with the blood passes per poros euritides ("through the porous tubules") of the kidney and is then delivered to the bladder. Commenting on De pulsibus, he connected the relationship between fast pulse rate and urine output and correlated the color of urine with the condition of the heart. For the originality of his thought Mario Timio suggested[8] that Gentile could be indicated as the 'first' cardionephrologist in the history of medicine." (Wikipedia article on Gentile da Foligno, accessed 1-2017). ISTC No. ia00093000. Digital facsimile from the Countway Library at Harvard at this link.
See also Carmina de urinarum iudiciis edited ab excellentissimo magistro Egidio cum expositione et commento magistri Gentils de Fulgineo noviter castigatis, Et pluribus in locis emendatis, per magistrum Auenantium, de Camerino artium & medicinae professorem (Basel, 1529) Digital facsimile of the 1529 edition from Google Books at this link.
Subjects: MEDIEVAL MEDICINE , MEDIEVAL MEDICINE › Italy, NEPHROLOGY › Renal Physiology, UROLOGY
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Bologna: Ex typographia Antonii Pisarii, 1683.
Bellini began to develop his hydraulic iatromechanics in this work, in which he considered the blood as a physical fluid with simple mechanical and mathematicizable properties. He realized the value of the urine as an aid to diagnosis and insisted on its chemical analysis in pathological conditions.
Subjects: BIOCHEMISTRY, Biomechanics, CARDIOLOGY › CARDIOVASCULAR PHYSIOLOGY, Iatrophysics, UROLOGY
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Venice: Bernardinus Vitalis, 1519.
The most complete medieval treatise on urinoscopy, translated from the Greek by Ambrogio Leone (1458/9- 1525) professor of medicine in Naples). Johannes Actuarius, the last of the great Byzantine physicians, was first to use a graduated glass for its examination. Actuarius or Actarius (Greek: ἀκτουάριος), was a title applied to officials of varying functions in the late Roman and Byzantine empires. By 12th century, or perhaps in the 11th century, the term came to be applied to prominent physicians, possibly those attached to the imperial court. By the 16th century the title Actuarius was conflated as Joannes's last name. Digital facsimile of the 1519 edition from Google Books at this link. Partial English translation in No. 2241.
Subjects: BYZANTINE MEDICINE, PHYSICAL DIAGNOSIS
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Los Angeles, CA: [Privately Printed], 1948.
Subjects: ODDITIES & Curiosities, Biomedical, UROLOGY
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Paris: F. R. de Rudeval, 1903.
Reproduces rare documents and illustrations, with texts by Gilles de Corbeil and de Cuba. Digital facsimile from the Internet Archive at this link.
Subjects: MEDIEVAL MEDICINE › France, UROLOGY › History of Urology
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Tucson, AZ: AMS Press, 2014.
Subjects: BIBLIOGRAPHY › Manuscripts & Philology, MEDIEVAL MEDICINE › England, WOMEN, Publications by › Years 2000 -
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Cor.-Bl. d. schweiz. Aerzte, 1, 241-46, 1871.
Klebs, Professor of Pathology at Berne, Würzburg, Prague, Zurich, and Chicago, preceded Koch in investigations of the pathology of traumatic infection. He found bacteria in gunshot wounds, granulation tissue, etc., and developed his theory of a single organism, Microsporon septicum, as the cause of all pathological changes.
Subjects: BACTERIOLOGY, INFECTIOUS DISEASE, PATHOLOGY, SURGERY: General › Wound Healing
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Arch. physiol Heilk, 6, 690-721, 769-804, 1847.
Study of the effect of section of the vagus on respiration. See also No. 933.
Subjects: NEUROSCIENCE › Neurophysiology, RESPIRATION › Respiratory Physiology
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Leipzig: J. J. Weber, 1905.
Dunbar studied the relationship of pollen to hay fever, separated the active substances responsible for producing the condition, and introduced a specific therapy.
Subjects: ALLERGY
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Münch. med. Wschr., 63, 1495-96, 1916.
Isolation of Rickettsia quintana (now called Bartonella quintana) from lice found on patients suffering from trench fever.
Subjects: BACTERIOLOGY › BACTERIA (mostly pathogenic; sometimes indexed only to genus) › Gram-Negative Bacteria › Bartonella › Bartonella quintana, BACTERIOLOGY › BACTERIA (mostly pathogenic; sometimes indexed only to genus) › Rickettsiales › Rickettsia, INFECTIOUS DISEASE › Rickettsial Infections, MILITARY MEDICINE, SURGERY & HYGIENE › World War I
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Jena: Gustav Fischer, 1901 – 1911.
Bloch was a chief modern supporter of the theory of the Columbian origin of syphilis.
Subjects: INFECTIOUS DISEASE › SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES › Syphilis › History of Syphilis
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Leipzig: Wilhelm Engelmann, 1875.
Dohrn’s theory of change of function as the origin of evolutionary novelties.
Subjects: EVOLUTION
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Bethesda, MD: U.S. National Library of Medicine, 2012.
https://archive.org/details/usnationallibraryofmedicine%26tab=about&tab=collection
In October 2018, this collection housed at the Internet Archive had over 15,700 titles.
"The National Library of Medicine (NLM), in Bethesda, Maryland, is a part of the National Institutes of Health (NIH), US Department of Health and Human Services (HHS). Since its founding in 1836, NLM has played a pivotal role in translating biomedical research into practice. It is the world's largest biomedical library and the developer of electronic information services that deliver trillions of bytes of data to millions of users every day. Scientists, health professionals, and the public in the US and around the globe search the Library's online information resources more than one billion times each year. The NLM also supports and conducts research, development, and training in biomedical informatics and health information technology. In addition, the NLM coordinates a 6,000-member National Network of Libraries of Medicine that promotes and provides access to health information in communities across the United States.
The NLM supports an extensive digitization program to preserve and make available its historical collections, which stand among the richest of any institution in the world. To this end, the NLM is a principal contributor to the Medical Heritage Library (MHL), a collaborative effort of several large medical research libraries to digitize and make available online thousands of pieces of historical medical literature. All of NLM's digitized historical content is also available through NLM's Digital Collections, and much of the content will also be available with that of other contributors on the MHL’s collections page on the Internet Archive."
Subjects: DIGITAL RESOURCES › Digital Archives & Libraries
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Falls Church, VA: U.S. Navy Bureau of Medicine and Surgery (BUMED), 2013.
https://archive.org/details/usnavybumedhistoryoffice&tab=collection
"A historical component has existed at the US Navy's Bureau of Medicine and Surgery since May 1907 with the establishment of the Publications Office. In addition to producing The Naval Medical Bulletin, the Publications Office was responsible for producing occasional historical monographs, and maintaining a historical archive. Today the Office of Medical History's mission has evolved to preserve and promote the history and heritage of the Navy Medical Department while serving the needs of our customers. The collection consists of publications, public records, manuscripts, personal papers, hospital plans, Navy Hygiene Museum records, biographical files, subject files, facility files, films, videos, photographs, prints, drawings, and artifacts. The OMH currently consists of over 100 collections covering over 1,000 linear feet and is staffed by a historian and an archivist."
In March 2018 this digital library, housed at the Internet Archive, had over 5300 items online.
Subjects: DIGITAL RESOURCES › Digital Archives & Libraries , MILITARY MEDICINE, SURGERY & HYGIENE › Navy
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Surg. Gynec. Obstet., 49, 82-97, 1929.
Split-skin grafts for covering large areas of granulating surfaces introduced.
Subjects: PLASTIC & RECONSTRUCTIVE SURGERY › Skin Grafting, TRANSPLANTATION › Skin Grafting
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J. Amer. med. Ass., 92, 1658-60, 1929.
The Drinker respirator (“iron lung”).
Subjects: NEUROLOGY › Inflammatory Conditions › Poliomyelitis, THERAPEUTICS
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J. Bone Jt Surg., 32B, 166-73, 1950.
Judet acrylic prosthesis.
Subjects: ORTHOPEDICS › Orthopedic Devices › Joint Replacement, ORTHOPEDICS › Orthopedic Surgery & Treatments › Hip
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Onderstepoort J. vet. Set, 13, 307-12 , 1939.
Nonencapsulated spore vaccine.
Subjects: BACTERIOLOGY › BACTERIA (mostly pathogenic; sometimes indexed only to genus) › Gram-Positive Bacteria › Bacillus › Bacillus anthracis, IMMUNOLOGY › Immunization, IMMUNOLOGY › Vaccines, INFECTIOUS DISEASE › Anthrax, VETERINARY MEDICINE
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J. roy. anthrop. Inst., 77, 139-44, 1947.
Subjects: ANTHROPOLOGY › Medical Anthropology, HEMATOLOGY › Blood Groups
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J. Amer. med. Assoc., 77, 1641-43, 1921.
Introduction of the carbon tetrachloride treatment of ankylostomiasis.
Subjects: INFECTIOUS DISEASE › DISEASES DUE TO METAZOAN PARASITES › Hookworm Disease
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New York: McGraw-Hill, 1965.
Subjects: Artificial Intelligence in Medicine , COMPUTING/MATHEMATICS in Medicine & Biology
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Anesthesiology, 3, 418-20, 1942.
Introduction of curare in anesthesia.
Subjects: ANESTHESIA, WOMEN, Publications by › Years 1900 - 1999
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Proc. Soc. exp. Biol. (N. Y.), 32, 462-64, 1934.
Introduction of helium in the treatment of respiratory affections. See also Ann. intern. Med., 1935, 9, 739-65.
Subjects: RESPIRATION › Respiratory Diseases
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Surg. Forum., 9, 245-48, 1959.
First use of pacemaker for Stokes–Adams syndrome, using dogs as subjects. External power source. See also Furman and Scawadel, John B., "An intracardiac pacemaker for Stokes–Adams seizures ," New Engl. J. Med.,1959, 261, 943-48.
The addenda to the Furman and Robinson paper reports, p. 248, the first use of a transvenous lead in two patients: " Since submission of this paper for publication 2 patients with total A-V dissociation have been maintained with the use of the intracardiac pacemaker. One during an operative procedure, the second, a patient with recurrent Stokes-Adams attacks, for the past 10 weeks with the cather remaining in the heart for this entire period of time" (Quoted by W. Bruce Fye).
Subjects: CARDIOLOGY › CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE › Arrythmias, CARDIOLOGY › CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE › Arrythmias › Pacemakers, INSTRUMENTS & TECHNOLOGIES › Medical Instruments › Pacemakers
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Alaska Medicine, 30, 185-226, 1988.
Subjects: BOTANY › Ethnobotany, NATIVE AMERICANS & Medicine, U.S.: CONTENT OF PUBLICATIONS BY STATE & TERRITORY › Alaska
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J. exp. Med., 54, 533-35, 1931.
Intraperitoneal protection test.
Subjects: INFECTIOUS DISEASE › VECTOR-BORNE DISEASES › Mosquito-Borne Diseases › Yellow Fever
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J. Amer. med. Assoc., 122, 289-92, 1943.
With E. N. Cook and L. Thompson.
Subjects: INFECTIOUS DISEASE › SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES › Gonorrhoea & Trichomonas Infection, PHARMACOLOGY › Drug Resistance, PHARMACOLOGY › PHARMACEUTICALS › Antibiotics › Penicillin
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Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1928.
Subjects: BOTANY › Ethnobotany, COUNTRIES, CONTINENTS AND REGIONS › Canada, COUNTRIES, CONTINENTS AND REGIONS › United States › American Midwest, NATIVE AMERICANS & Medicine
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J. Bone Jt. Surg., 24, 81-96, 1942.
These studies form the basis of the modern use of bone preserved by refrigeration.
Subjects: ORTHOPEDICS › Orthopedic Surgery & Treatments › Bone Grafts, TRANSPLANTATION
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London: A. Millar & D. Wilson, 1756.
Gilchrist recommended sea voyages as treatment for pulmonary tuberculosis and other diseases. Digital facsimile from Google Books at this link. Much expanded French translation by Edme-Claude Bourru as Utilité des voyages sur mer pour la cure des différentes maladies et notamment de la consomption. 2 vols., Paris: Didot jeune, 1770. The translator added a recommendation of therapeutic pneumothorax in the treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis. Digital facsimile of the 1770 also from Google Books at this link.
Subjects: PULMONOLOGY › Lung Diseases › Pulmonary Tuberculosis, VOYAGES & Travels by Physicians, Surgeons & Scientists
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J. Amer. med. Assoc., 108, 1855-58, 1937.
Subjects: INFECTIOUS DISEASE › SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES › Gonorrhoea & Trichomonas Infection, PHARMACOLOGY › PHARMACEUTICALS › Sulfonamides
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London: R. Hardwicke, 1865.
Subjects: INSTRUMENTS & TECHNOLOGIES › Medical Instruments › Laryngoscope, OTORHINOLARYNGOLOGY (Ear, Nose, Throat) › Laryngology › Laryngoscopy
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Washington, DC: Government Printing Office, 1900.
The Spanish-American War was the first war in which X rays were used for diagnostic purposes. This is the first report on the application of X rays in military medicine. Digital facsimile from the Internet Archive at this link.
Subjects: MILITARY MEDICINE, SURGERY & HYGIENE, RADIOLOGY
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Ann. Surg., 135, 332-6, 1952.
Introduction of plastic material to repair arterial defects. Voorhees later abandoned this material in favour of Dacron. With A. Jaretzki and A. W. Blakemore.
Subjects: CARDIOLOGY › CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE › Arterial Disease, CARDIOVASCULAR (Cardiac) SURGERY, CARDIOVASCULAR (Cardiac) SURGERY › Cardiothoracic Prostheses
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K. Fysiogr. Sellsk. Lund. Foersh., 24, 1-19, 1954.
Echocardiography, from which the field of medical ultrasonics developed.
Subjects: CARDIOLOGY › Tests for Heart & Circulatory Function › Echocardiography, IMAGING › Sonography (Ultrasound)
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Proc. Mayo Clin., 13, 74-80, 1938.
Vitamin K used in the treatment of hemorrhagic disease.
Subjects: HEMATOLOGY › Blood Disorders
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J. exp. Med., 65, 787-800, 1937.
Immunization without the use of immune serum.
Subjects: IMMUNOLOGY › Immunization, INFECTIOUS DISEASE › VECTOR-BORNE DISEASES › Mosquito-Borne Diseases › Yellow Fever, VIROLOGY › VIRUSES (by Family) › Flaviviridae › Yellow Fever Virus
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Chicago, IL: Field Museum of Natural History, 1937.
Digital facsimile from the Biodiversity Heritage Library at this link.
Subjects: BOTANY › Medical Botany, COUNTRIES, CONTINENTS AND REGIONS › Iran (Persia), COUNTRIES, CONTINENTS AND REGIONS › Iraq, Iranian Medicine, PHARMACOLOGY
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New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1976.
Subjects: LITERATURE / Philosophy & Medicine & Biology, PSYCHOLOGY, TRADITIONAL, Folk or Indigenous Medicine
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Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press, 1993.
Subjects: BIOLOGY › MOLECULAR BIOLOGY › History of Molecular Biology, Biotechnology › History of Biotechnology
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Washington, DC: Government Printing Office, 1919.
Medicinal and edible plants used by the Dakota, Omaha/Ponca, Winnebago and Pawnee peoples. Gilmore reports on 180 plants, and offers 16 pages of tables of names in various languages. Digital facsimile from the Biodiversity Heritage Library at this link.
Subjects: BOTANY › Ethnobotany, COUNTRIES, CONTINENTS AND REGIONS › United States › American Midwest, NATIVE AMERICANS & Medicine
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Aurora, Ontario, Canada: Breezy Creeks Press, 1979.
Reissued as Medicinal and other uses of North American plants: A historical survey with special reference to the Eastern Indian tribes (1989).
Subjects: BOTANY › Ethnobotany, NATIVE AMERICANS & Medicine, PHARMACOLOGY › PHARMACEUTICALS › Materia medica / Herbals / Herbal Medicines
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Seville: Diego Perez, 1623.
The earliest scientific work dealing with spectacles. It includes sight testing tables and points out the value of convex lenses after cataract operations. Digital facsimile from the Internet Archive at this link.
English translation by Paul E. Runge as The use of eyeglasses. Oostende: Wayenborgh, 2004.
Subjects: COUNTRIES, CONTINENTS AND REGIONS › Spain, OPHTHALMOLOGY › Ocular Surgery & Procedures › Cataract, Optometry › Spectacles
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Bologna: S. Tommaso dAquino, 1794.
The first account of Galvani’s electrical experiments without the presence of metals, in which he demonstrated the presence of electrical energy in living tissue by showing that convulsions in frog nerve-muscle preparations could be produced simply by touching nerve to muscle. This observation of the injury current of nerve or demarcation current was the first proof of animal electricity. The key experiment appears in a 23-page “Supplemento” following p. 168. Some authorities consider this a joint publication of Galvani and Aldini. See No. 593.
Subjects: PHYSIOLOGY › Electrophysiology
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Leipzig : B. G. Teubner, 1907 – 1909.
First separate edition, edited from the prior printed editions and the surviving early manuscripts, of Galen's treatise on the function, use and purpose of the individual parts of the body. In this treatise Galen explained the value of anatomical understanding of the human body in a way that was accessible to non-physicians. For the English translation see May (1968). Digital facsimile of the 1907-09 edition from the Internet Archive at this link.
Subjects: ANCIENT MEDICINE › Roman Empire, PHYSIOLOGY
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Città di Castello: Unione Arti Grafiche, 1917.
Contains an important collection of illustrations.
Subjects: OBSTETRICS & GYNECOLOGY › GYNECOLOGY › History of Gynecology, OBSTETRICS & GYNECOLOGY › OBSTETRICS › History of Obstetrics
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J. Morph., 2, 341-462, 1889.
Subjects: EMBRYOLOGY
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Brit. med. J., 1, 635-38, 1918.
Putti developed and improved kineplastic surgery.
Subjects: ORTHOPEDICS › Orthopedic Devices › Joint Replacement, ORTHOPEDICS › Orthopedic Surgery & Treatments › Amputations: Excisions: Resections
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Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press, 2010.
Subjects: BOTANY › History of Botany, NATURAL HISTORY › History of Natural History
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Nord. med. T., 8, 1054-59, 1934.
Phenylketonuria (PKU) first described. This was the first hereditary metabolic disorder shown to be responsible for mental retardation. German translation in Hoppe-Seyl. Z. physiol. Chem., 1934, 227, 169-76. English translation in Boyer (ed.), Papers on human genetics, Englewood Cliffs, N.J., Prentice-Hall, 1963.
Subjects: GENETICS / HEREDITY › GENETIC DISORDERS › Phenylketonuria (PKU), GENETICS / HEREDITY › HEREDITARY / CONGENITAL DISEASES OR DISORDERS › Inherited Metabolic Disorders, NEUROLOGY › Neurodevelopmental Disorders › Mental Retardation
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Berlin: Preuss, 1887.
Synthesis of phenylisopropylamine, later known as amphetamine. Its stimulant effects were unknown until it was independently resynthesized by Gordon Alles.
Subjects: PSYCHIATRY › Psychopharmacology › Amphetamine
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