Ulerythema ophryogenes (“Taenzer’s disease”) first described.

Pyodermite végétante. Hallopeau described a suppurative form of Neumann’s pemphigus vegetans.

First description of acanthosis nigricans.

Sebaceous adenoma, type Pringle.

Angioma serpiginosum.

Mibelli gave the name to angiokeratoma although it had already been described by Cottle in 1877. It is also called “Mibelli’s disease”.

First description of hereditary oedema of the legs, generally known as “Milroy’s disease” or as “Meige’s disease” (No. 4129).

“Besnier’s prurigo”.

“Jadassohn’s disease” – maculo-papular erythrodermia; Anetoderma erythematosum of Jadassohn.

Independently of Nonne (No. 4106) Milroy described congenital edema of the legs; it has been given the eponym “Milroy’s disease”.

Unna described the different fungi of favus. He founded the above-mentioned journal, and he is one of the most eminent figures in modern dermatology.

Acanthosis nigricans.

Mibelli is sometimes credited with the original description of porokeratosis (“Mibélli’s disease”), but Neumann described it in 1875 under the name of “dermatitis circumscripta herpetiformis”. See No. 4068.

First description of hyperkeratosis excentrica, porokeratosis.

Isolation of Streptothrix (Actinomyces) madurae.

Darier grouped together, under the heading “tuberculides”, the skin eruptions associated with tuberculosis.

Fordyce, remembered for the description of “Fox–Fordyce disease”, also described a pseudocolloid of the buccal mucosa, which is known as “Fordyce’s disease”.

Purpuraannularis telangiectodes (Majocchi) first described.

Acne bacillus first cultivated.

Schenck first described a form of sporotrichosis, due to a pathogenic fungus, which later became known as Sporotrichum beurmanni, after more thorough studies upon it by de Beurmann in 1903.

The syndrome of benign sarcoid (“Boeck’s sarcoid”) was first established by Boeck. English translation in J. cutan. gen.-urin. Dis., 1899, 17, 543-50. In 1940 Danbolt (Schweiz. med. Wschr., 1947, 77, 1149-50) reexamined Boeck’s original patient, then aged 80.

“Meige’s disease” – first described by Nonne (No. 4106).

Scleroedemaadultorum syndrome of Buschke.

“Klippel–Trenaunay syndrome”.

Rhinosporidiosis first described. Digital facsimile from bibliomedicinadigital.fmed.uba.ar at this link.

Description of the syndrome to which the name “Ehlers–Danlos syndrome” was later attached (see also No. 4144), earlier described by Tschernogubow: Cutis laxa, Mh. prakt. Derm., 1892, 14, 76.

In his important paper on granulosis rubra nasi, Jadassohn gave the condition its present name. Previously Pringle, 1894, and Luithlen, 1900, had described probable cases.

Schamberg’s progressive pigmentary dermatosis; first description.

“Brocq’s disease”; he proposed the term “parapsoriasis” for the condition which had previously been described under various names and often mistaken for other dermatoses.

“Fox–Fordyce disease”. These writers described a papular, itchy eruption, confined to the axillae, nipples and pubes, and considered to be due to a dysfunction of the apocrine glands.

Taylor described the condition in 1876 (No. 4069) and Herxheimer and Hartmann named it, separating it from other atrophies which had been called by a number of different names.

Classic account of the different varieties of Trichophyton.

Juliusberg showed that the virus of molluscum contagiosum passed a Chamberland filter.

First description.

Ciuffo presented the first demonstration that a cell-free agent could induce a human tumor. He induced human warts on his own hand with a bacteria-free filtrate (a virus) prepared from excised wart tissue. The significance of this finding was not recognized at the time. 

Original description of lichen nitidus, “Pinkus’s disease”. Pinkus first showed a case before the Berlin Dermatological Society on 3 Dec, 1901, and named it “lichen nitidus”.

Ehlers-Danlos syndrome (see also No. 4132). Danlos noted the subcutaneous tumors that may occur in this condition.

Desquamative erythroderma of nurslings (Leiner); apparently a toxic eruption peculiar to breast-fed children suffering from enteritis.

“Heerfordt’s syndrome”, uveo-parotid fever, a form of sarcoidosis.

Erythroplasia of Queyrat, a condition similar to the precancerous dermatosis described by Bowen (No. 4148).

First complete description of sporotrichosis (“de Beurmann–Gougerot disease”).

Bowen, a Boston dermatologist, first described a precancerous dermatosis (“Bowen’s disease”), which is now considered to be a variant of an intra-epidermal basal cell epithelioma.

“Besnier–Boeck–Schaumann disease” (see also Nos. 4095, 4128). Through Schaumann’s paper the systemic nature of sarcoidosis came to be recognized.

“Stevens-Johnson syndrome”, a generalized eruption, continued fever, inflamed buccal mucosa, and severe purulent conjunctivitis. B.A. Thomas (Brit. med. J., 1950, 1, 1393) believes this to be merely a severe form of Hebra’s erythema multiforme exudativum (No. 4049, p. 198).

“Mendes Da Costa’s syndrome” – erythrokeratoderma variabilis.

Weber–Christian disease (see No. 4152).

“Abrikosov’s tumor”, granular-cell myoblastoma.

Pemphigus erythematodes. “Senear–Usher syndrome”.

See No. 4151.

“Hailey–Hailey disease”, earlier described by H. Gougerot, Arch. derm. – syph. Clin. St Louis, 1933, 5, 255-57.

Kveim’s test for sarcoidosis.

“Degos’s disease”, malignant atrophic papulosis. With J. Delort and R. Tricot. Earlier described by W. Köhlmeier, Frankf. Z. Path., 1940, 54, 413.

Spitz first defined the histologic criteria for the diagnosis of juvenile melanoma.

“Becker’s nevus”, pigmented hairy epidermal nevus.

Zoon’s plasma cell balanitis.

“Waardenburg’s syndrome”.

Follicular mucinosis.

“Netherton’s syndrome”.

With E.S. McDonough, L. Ajello and R.J. Ausherman.

Sex-linked recessive ichthyosis shown to be an important but not uncommon entity. See also Kerr & Wells: Sex-linked ichthyosis. Ann. hum. Genet., 1965, 29, 33-50.

Reprinted, New York, 1976.

Contains 143 classic descriptions of cutaneous diseases by 93 writers. Many portraits are also included.

A scholarly work written in a particularly entertaining style.

Authoritative and well-illustrated history with excellent chronological bibliography.

 In the above work, Laguna, the "Spanish Galen," described a method of excising vesical caruncles for the first time. Digital facsimile from the Internet Archive at this link.

First treatise on diseases of the urinary tract. Also describes the high operation for stone. Diaz is sometimes called the “Father of Urology”.

Brian attacked the “pisse-mongers” and “pisse-prognosticators” hoping to eliminate the frauds of uromancy. He warned patients against diagnosis “prescribed only by the sight of the Urine”, and argued that uroscopy should be performed by “University trained physicians”.

This work contains the first clear description of proteinuria, noting precipitation of urine with heat or acetic acid. Albuminuria was first described by Dekkers (Chapter V). A translation of this chapter is in Major, Classic descriptions of disease, 3rd ed., 1945, p. 528.

Bellini began to develop his hydraulic iatromechanics in this work, in which he considered the blood as a physical fluid with simple mechanical and mathematicizable properties.  He realized the value of the urine as an aid to diagnosis and insisted on its chemical analysis in pathological conditions.

“Peyronie’s disease”, a noncancerous condition resulting from fibrous scar tissue that develops on the penis and causes curved, and sometimes painful erections.

Classic description of hydrocele.

Includes the first description of occupational cancer. By describing chimney sweeps” cancer of the scrotum, Pott was the first to trace the origin of a type of cancer to a specific external cause. The above work also includes his description of senile gangrene, sometimes referred to as “Pott’s gangrene”.

Chopart and Desault were the founders of urological surgery, both emphasizing the importance of considering the urinary tract as a whole. “They were close friends and were both able clinicians, surgeons and teachers. Desault was a brilliant lecturer who wrote little while Chopart, a poor speaker, published an outstanding textbook on urology” (Desnos, transl. Murphy).

Desault was one of the first professors at the École Pratique de Chirurgie, Paris. He made many suggestions regarding the treatment of fractures and dislocations and is one of the founders of modern vascular surgery. In Remarques et observations sur l’opération de l’anévrisme (Vol. 2,  553-80) he described his technique of tying blood vessels for the treatment of aneurism.  Desault was Xavier Bichat’s teacher, and Bichat edited the first edition of this set.
In the second edition (3 vols., 1801-3) volume 3, which concerns urological diseases, was edited by P. J. Roux. With Chopart, Desault founded urological surgery, and was one of the first to have a clear understanding of urological disease. Vol. 1 was translated into English as A Treatise on Fractures, luxations and other affections of the bones, Philadelphia, 1805. The translation of vols. 2 & 3 was entitled The Surgical Works, 2 vols., Philadelphia, 1814. Desault edited the first journal specifically on surgery: Journal de chirurgie, 4 vols., 1791-92. 

Urethro-cystic speculum (endoscope).

Guthrie was the first to describe non-prostatic obstruction at the neck of the bladder. On p. 252 of the above work is an account of Guthrie’s prostatic catheter for use in trans-urethral prostatectomy.

Maisonneuve introduced a hair catheter.

Mercier introduced the coudé catheter in 1836 and the bicoudé about 1841.

First cystotomy for inflammation and rupture of the bladder.

First uretero-intestinal anastomosis.

Paroxysmalcold hemoglobinuria described. English translation in No. 2241.

Pancoast performed the first successful operation for exstrophy of the bladder (ectopia vesicae).

Harley’s classic description of paroxysmal hemoglobinuria, “Harley’s disease”.

Desormeaux was a pioneer of endoscopy. Digital facsimile from Google Books at this link.

Thompson was Professor of Clinical Surgery at University College, London, and an eminent genito-urinary surgeon. He performed the operation of lithotrity upon Leopold I and Napoleon III; he also developed the two-glass urine test in gonorrhoea. The versatile Victorian, a biography of Thompson, was published by Sir Zachary Cope in 1951.

First abdominal resection of a tumor of the bladder. The operation was performed by Billroth.

Successful catheterization of the ureter under vision.

Nitze devised an electrically lighted cystoscope in 1877, which made possible great improvements in the surgery of the bladder.

First description of “march hemoglobinuria” – the condition in which physical exertion gives rise to the passage of red urine containing hemoglobin in solution.

Guyon was the outstanding French urologist of his day, an operator of great skill and a brilliant lithotomist.

Roberts reported a relationship between the finding of bacteria in the urine and the development of cystitis after catheterization.

Local anesthesia first employed in urology.

Includes description of Thompson’s operation for tumors of the bladder.

“Pavy’s disease” – recurrent albuminuria.

MacCormac introduced an operation for the treatment of intraperitoneal rupture of the bladder.

Guyon was Professor of genitourinary surgery at Paris, and a great teacher (see also No. 4177).

First enterocystoplasty.

Nitze introduced the cystoscope in 1877 (see No. 4175) and in 1889 published his important monograph on cystoscopy.

First successful total cystectomy.

Includes description of “Albarran’s glands”, subtrigonal glands in the bladder. He introduced a classification based on embryological origin. See also No. 4195.

First catheterization of male ureters.

Uretero-ureterostomy. Van Hook originated modern methods of ureteral repair.

Kelly introduced aeroscopic examination of the bladder and catheterization of the ureters. See also Ann. Surg., 1898, 27, 475-86.

Kelly’s method of uretero-ureteral anastomosis included the use of the catheter as a temporary ureteral splint.

Maydl’s operation, uretero-intestinal anastomosis.

Péan was first to operate on diverticula of the bladder.

With Nitze’s operative cystoscope it became possible to excise bladder tumors in situ.

Bevan’s operation for undescended testicle.

Tuffier made the first pioneer attempt to visualize the urinary tract by the combination of an opaque ureteral styletted catheter and radiography.

Total cystectomyand bilateral ureterosigmoidostomy.

Cystography. Wittek filled the bladder with air and was able to demonstrate vertebrae and urinary calculus.

Wulff outlined the bladder with a suspension of bismuth subnitrate.

First cystograms.

Hagner devised the open operation for the relief of acute epididymitis.

Radiotherapy for carcinoma of bladder.

Albarran, a Cuban, became a teacher of the highest rank and attained a professorship at Paris in 1892. He was the first surgeon in France to perform perineal prostatectomy.

Brown–Buerger cystoscope.

Torek’s operation for undescended testicle.

Urethrography.

The modern method of uretero-intestinal anastomosis followed the experimental work of Coffey.

Paravertebral anesthesia in urology.

Vesiculography first demonstrated.

McCarthy foroblique pan-endoscope.

First use of sodium iodide in uretero-pyelography. With C. G. Sutherland and A. J. Scholl.