Examines the first wave of autobiographical narratives written by northern female nurses and published during the war and shortly thereafter, including Louisa May Alcott, Elvira Powers and Julia Wheelock. From the hospitals of Washington, DC, and Philadelphia, to the field at Gettysburg in the aftermath of the battle, to the camps bordering front lines during active combat, these nurse narrators reported on what they saw and experienced for an American audience hungry for tales of individual experience in the war.

Digital facsimile from the Internet Archive at this link.

"As many as 20,000 women worked in Union and Confederate hospitals during America's bloodiest war. Black and white, and from various social classes, these women served as nurses, administrators, matrons, seamstresses, cooks, laundresses, and custodial workers. Jane E. Schultz provides the first full history of these female relief workers, showing how the domestic and military arenas merged in Civil War America, blurring the line between homefront and battlefront.

"Schultz uses government records, private manuscripts, and published sources by and about women hospital workers, some of whom are familiar--such as Dorothea Dix, Clara Barton, Louisa May Alcott, and Sojourner Truth--but most of whom are not well-known. Examining the lives and legacies of these women, Schultz considers who they were, how they became involved in wartime hospital work, how they adjusted to it, and how they challenged it. She demonstrates that class, race, and gender roles linked female workers with soldiers, both black and white, but became sites of conflict between the women and doctors and even among themselves.

"Schultz also explores the women's postwar lives--their professional and domestic choices, their pursuit of pensions, and their memorials to the war in published narratives. Surprisingly few parlayed their war experience into postwar medical work, and their extremely varied postwar experiences, Schultz argues, defy any simple narrative of pre-professionalism, triumphalism, or conciliation" (Publisher).

Digital facsimile from the Hathi Trust at this link.

When I created this entry in February 2017 there was, inexplicably, no digital facsimile of this rare periodical on the web; however, there was an exceptionally excellent and most comprehensive finding aid available from the University of Pennsylvania PACSCL website at this link, the narrative from which I quote:

Biography/History

"The Adult began in June, 1897 as the “organ of the Legitimation League,” a London organization initially dedicated to securing the legal rights of illegitimate children. The Adult ran for twenty monthly issues, surviving a prosecution for obscenity and undergoing a significant change of editorship in the wake of that scandal. Its editor, the Legitimation League’s Honorable Secretary George Bedborough, wrote in the first issue that the journal’s pages would “be open for the discussion of important phases of sex questions which are almost universally ignored elsewhere.”

The Legitimation League was founded in 1893 by Oswald Dawson to advocate for and legally register illegitimate children, who were often unrecognized by their families and had few legal rights. As a legal campaign, the League was closely tied to the larger Personal Rights movement and was easily backed by the late Victorian era’s steadily growing Secularist establishment. Under Dawson’s influence, the League voted in 1895 to expand its agenda to include the promotion of free unions—cohabitation without marriage—and by 1897 it was openly advocating for free love. While free unions and free love were clearly antithetical to conventional Victorian morality, they were also, perhaps less obviously, outside the scope of common Secularist morality. Many freethinkers considered the League’s new positions extreme and rescinded their support of the organization (Royle 253).

The Adult was created in 1897 to serve the Legitimation League’s updated agenda. The first issue of the journal carried the subtitle “A Journal for the Advancement of Freedom in Sexual Relationships;” the second, “A Crusade Against Sex-Enslavement;” and the third, “A Journal for the Free Discussion of Tabooed Topics.” Starting with the fourth issue, the journal’s regular subtitle became “The Journal of Sex.” The shifting subtitles reflect both the kinds of topics covered by the publication and the nature of its content. The journal, and the Legitimation League in general, did indeed promote freedom in sexual relationships and crusade against what they perceived as the sexual enslavement of men and women according to the strict moral codes of the late Victorian period, especially the code attached to marriage. In the eyes of the League's members, the strict control of marriage by the Church and the gender roles assigned to each sex in Victorian marriages kept both men and women from realizing their full potential as human beings and members of society. It also resulted in unhappy families: when parents were unhappily married, their children were also likely to be miserable.

From the beginning, the journal was a forum for the discussion of topics related to sex. The Adult covered subjects ranging from the benefits of legalizing prostitution to the relationship between music, religion and sex. Controversial articles were often answered in subsequent issues by letters to the editor or counter-articles: for example, Victor Martell’s article about the Contagious Diseases Acts in the first issue was answered from a woman’s perspective in the following issue by E. Wardlaw Best. The overall project of  The Adult was to give legitimacy to a radical way of thinking about sex: though its varied contributors rarely held a single opinion regarding any issue discussed in its pages, each author sought to demostrate that his position was moral, logical, and supported by scientific evidence. Producing a journal also allowed the Legitimation League to position itself as part of Britain's larger reformist community, which was busy producing circulating literature: between 1890 and 1910, more than 800 labour and sociaist papers were founded there.

About a year into Bedborough’s editorship of The Adult, an undercover detective named John Sweeney entered Bedborough’s office to buy a copy of Dr. Havelock Ellis’s  Sexual Inversion. Ellis’s book, the first in his six-volume series The Psychology of Sex, was the first scientific study of homosexuality printed in English. Bedborough was subsequently arrested for selling what the police considered obscene material. He was prosecuted on eleven charges: one for selling Sexual Inversion, another for selling Orford Northcote’s pamphlet “The Outcome of Legitimation,” and nine related to material published in The Adult (Humpherys 69). Members of the Legitimation League and their friends quickly formed the Free Press Defence Committee to advocate for Bedborough. The Committee “rallied all sorts of radicals, socialists, freethinkers and progressive intellectuals [including G.B. Shaw and Grant Allen], and united the generations in protest” (Royle 277). Much to their chagrin, Bedborough pleaded guilty to the first two charges and one relating to The Adult (essentially admitting guilt for the other eight), and was released on the condition that he would have nothing more to do with the League or The Adult. He wrote in its pages: “I adhere to my resolution not to excuse myself. I am a coward… I thank Henry Seymour, Mr. Foote, and others with all my heart and soul for their work, which I have requited illy indeed” (December 1898, pp. 331).

Havelock Ellis thought that Bedborough had been targeted as a threat to him and his work, but Ellis was never prosecuted, nor were his publishers. Bedborough's prosecution was instead aimed at the Legitimation League. Before he was arrested, an investigation into The Adult by the Public Prosecutor had found that the content of the magazine was “within the law” and that “there was never any suggestion of indecorous behavior at League meetings.” Even so, police worried that the success of  The Adult and the Legitimation League gave “support and meeting venues for political groups more active and dangerous” and so targeted Bedborough (Humpherys 70).

Upon Bedborough’s incarceration, Henry Seymour, editor of the journal The Anarchist, took control of The Adult. During Bedborough’s prosecution, the journal became a source for news about the trial and a vehicle for the Free Press Defence Commission, and Seymour emblazoned the cover with the headline “Prosecuted for Obscenity!!” in bold type. After Bedborough pleaded guilty, The Adult published his apology to the League, and his former supporters lamented his lack of courage in its pages (December 1898).

After the ordeal was over, Seymour, who was a “free thinker, anarchist and socialist” but not the advocate of sexual freedom that Bedborough was, softened the content of the journal (Royle 254). He changed The Adult’s subtitle to the less controversial “An Unconventional Journal” and filled the issues with “inoffensive” articles and his own fiction (Humpherys 70). He even went so far as to say in the January 1899 issue that the journal had once been “nominally” connected to the Legitimation League but that it had “no connection under the present editorship” (24). The journal only lasted nine months under Seymour’s editorship. In Ann Humphery’s words,"  The Adult floundered for want of a clear and separate identity but mainly lack of funds” (Seymour repeatedly requested financial help from readers in the final issues). Without the Legitimation League and without Bedborough,  The Adult served little purpose and received little support. Though the front cover of the journal proudly announced its prosecution for obscenity during Bedborough's trial, no headline announced  The Adult’s end. The final issue includes no elegy, nor even an announcement that the current issue is the last.

Scope and Contents

The Adult ran for twenty monthly issues: the first appeared in June 1897 and publication became monthly that September....

The Adult’s purpose was to freely discuss “tabooed topics,” mostly related to “sex questions.” The Legitimation League, the organization which founded the journal, promoted free unions (cohabitation outside legal marriage) and free love. In  The Adult, freethinkers discussed the codes of morality and behavior related to sex and marriage that went largely undiscussed in Victorian society and made arguments for the morality of freethinking about sexual relationships. Editor George Bedborough published a range of opinions on varied topics in the journal, from Orford Northcote’s semi-scientific articles about sexual practices to a discussion of the differing effects of sexual liberation on men and women to reviews of the London theatre.

The Adult's content mostly consisted of short articles and letters written to the journal. Bedborough opened each issue with an editorial, usually introducing its contents. Bedborough mainly relied on a regular group of authors, including Orford Northcote, Victor Martell, William Platt, and “Sagittarius,” to contribute the material for the journal. Articles were never illustrated, though Bedborough occasionally published portraits of important members of the Legitimation League. Most issues had a small number of advertisements, either in the front cover, back cover, or both: advertisements were mostly for publications of likely interest to readers, but Bedborough also published a small number of personal advertisements for those interested in the kind of unions promoted by the Legitimation League. For example, from the October 1897 issue: “A middle aged gentleman wishes to correspond with a lady aged 25 to 30 with a view to a permanent union on Ruedebusch’s principles.” Until Bedborough’s trial, many issues of  The Adult updated readers on the Legitimation League’s activity, including a full issue reporting the proceedings of the Legitimation League’s annual meeting (January 1898).

As discussed in the Historical Note above, Bedborough promoted a discursive atmosphere in The Adult’s pages, often publishing replies or counter-articles to pieces that had previously appeared in the journal. He also published the opinion of multiple authors on a single topic as multi-issue series, as in the case of “The Question of Children: A Symposium” (a discussion of what should happen to children who are the product of the free love advocated in The Adult). The series began in July, 1898 with an article by R.B. Kerr and another by Henry Seymour (who would go on to edit  The Adult), and continued with an article from a different author in almost every issue until that November.

After George Bedborough was prosecuted, Henry Seymour became The Adult’s editor. Seymour retained the look of the journal but shifted its content. Rather than writing an editorial article at the front of the journal as Bedborough had, Seymour included several pages of editorial “Memoranda:” short, unrelated paragraphs on current events, the contents of other magazines, and various social and political topics he considered pertinent to readers. Seymour continued to publish articles related to “sex questions,” such as Abdullah Quilliam’s two-part article “Polygamy Considered from a Muslim Standpoint,” but also included poetry and serialized fiction (his own). Seymour filled out  The Adult’s pages with anecdotes, jokes, quotations, and short news items; these are not listed individually in the finding aid. An example from the September 1898 issue: “‘Darling,’ he cried, in tender tones, ‘I never loved but thee!’ ‘Then we must part,’ the maid replied; ‘no amateurs for me!’” The Adult continued to advertise for publications of interest to its readers (including Seymour’s own work), as well as services they might use: Sophie Lepper, “Unitist Free Lover” regularly advertised her services under Seymour’s editorship. Unlike Bedborough, however, Seymour refused to publish personal ads" (http://dla.library.upenn.edu/dla/pacscl/ead.html?q=the%20adult&id=PACSCL_RBCat_RBCatEP85Ad937897a&, accessed 02-2017).

This work, translated into English as Sexual inversion in 1897, became the first English language medical textbook on homosexuality. It was published as the second volume of Ellis's Studies in the psychology of sex. Digital facsimile of the 1896 edition from Google Books at this link. Digital facsimile of the 1901 second edition in English, with informative prefaces to both the first and second editions in English, from the Internet Archive at this link.

In this, the first printed edition of Rerum medicarum libri quatuor by the late antique Byzantine physician Theodorus Priscianus, his work was misattributed to Octavianus Horatianus. Digital facsimile from Google Books at this link. It may be somewhat ironic that Priscianus's work, of relatively limited value from a period in which there was little or no medical advance, was published together with Albucasis' surgery, a work of the greatest practical value.

"Priscianus was a pupil of the physician Vindicianus, fixing the period of his life in the fourth century. He is said to have lived at the court of Constantinople, and to have obtained the dignity of Archiater. He belonged to the medical sect of the Empirici, but not without a certain mixture of the doctrines of the Methodici, and even of the Dogmatici^{[1][2]" (Wikipedia).}

Editio princeps. Cassius Felix was a Roman African medical writer, probably native of Constantina (now Algeria). His De medicina is a simple handbook for practical use, drawing on Greek medical sources. Digital facsimile from Google Books at this link.

Nonnus, a Byzantine physician, wrote an outline of medicine dedicated to Emperor Constantine Prophyrogenitus (probably Constantine VII). Digital facsimile from Google Books at this link.

Crateuas was the personal physician of Mithridates VI. Of Pontos. He wrote a three-part herbal book describing the medicinal properties of plants. This work, which was illustrated, is the earliest known herbal book to include illustrations. The text was one of the main sources used by Dioscorides. Of Krateuas's work only two papyrus fragments have survived. ^[2] Digital facsimile of the Wellmann edition from the Internet Archive at this link.

The 5th and 6th books of Actuarius's De methodo medendi, concerning materia medica. Digital facsimile from the Internet Archive at this link.

A comprehensive ethnography of magico-religious, medicinal, and recreational tobacco use among native South American societies, based on a survey of nearly three hundred societies.

This work on venoms and their antidotes is the only surviving work of the Byzantine physician Philomenos. Within this context Philomenos also discusses the bites of rabid dogs. Digital facsimile from Corpus medicorum Graecorum / Latinorum at this link.

Written about 970 CE, this is the earliest surviving medical treatise written in Hebrew to which an approximate date can be assigned. Donnolo, who was at one time Byzantine court physician, is one of the earliest Jewish writers on medicine, and one of the few medieval Jewish scholars of South Italy at this early time. What remains of his medical work, Sefer ha-Yaḳar (Precious Book), was published by Moritz Steinschneider in 1867, from MS. 37, Plut. 88, in the Medicean Library at Florence. It contains an "antidotarium," or book of practical directions for preparing medicinal roots. Donnolo's medical science is based upon Greco-Latin sources; only one Arabic plant-name occurs. Donnolo is also the earliest known authority to quote the Sefer Refuot , of Asaph ben Berechiah, the earliest known Hebrew medical author. Digital facsimile from Google Books at this link.

Tiwanaku (Tiahuanaco or Tiahuanacu) is a Pre-Columbian archaeological site in western Bolivia. The first reference to the site in modern history was recorded by Spanish conquistador Pedro Cieza de León, who came upon the remains of Tiwanaku in 1549 while searching for the Inca capital in Qullasuyu.^[1]The name by which Tiwanaku was known to its inhabitants may have been lost as they had no written language.^[2][3] The ancient inhabitants of Tiwanaku are believed to have spoken the Puquina language.^{[4] (Wikipedia)}

Digital facsimile from who.int at this link.

'In 1992-93, some five hundred people died from cholera in the Orinoco Delta of eastern Venezuela. In some communities, a third of the adults died in a single night, as anthropologist Charles Briggs and Clara Mantini-Briggs, a Venezuelan public health physician, reveal in their frontline report. Why, they ask in this moving and thought-provoking account, did so many die near the end of the twentieth century from a bacterial infection associated with the premodern past?

"It was evident that the number of deaths resulted not only from inadequacies in medical services but also from the failure of public health officials to inform residents that cholera was likely to arrive. Less evident were the ways that scientists, officials, and politicians connected representations of infectious diseases with images of social inequality. In Venezuela, cholera was racialized as officials used anthropological notions of "culture" in deflecting blame away from their institutions and onto the victims themselves. The disease, the space of the Orinoco Delta, and the "indigenous ethnic group" who suffered cholera all came to seem somehow synonymous" (publisher).

Digital facsimile from the Pan American Health Organization at this link.

Digital facsimile from the Internet Archive at this link.

Digital facsimile from the Internet Archive at this link.

In English and German.

Traces cocaine's history from its origins as a medical commodity in the nineteenth century to its repression during the early twentieth century and its dramatic reemergence as an illicit good after World War II. Connecting the story of the drug's transformations is a host of people, products, and processes: Sigmund Freud, Coca-Cola, and Pablo Escobar all make appearances, exemplifying the global influences that have shaped the history of cocaine. But Gootenberg decenters the familiar story to uncover the roles played by hitherto obscure but vital Andean actors as well--for example, the Peruvian pharmacist who developed the techniques for refining cocaine on an industrial scale and the creators of the original drug-smuggling networks that decades later would be taken over by Colombian traffickers" (publisher). 

rstl.royalsocietypublishing.org

"In 1662, the newly formed 'Royal Society of London for Improving Natural Knowledge' was granted a charter to publish by King Charles II and on 6 March 1665, the first issue of Philosophical Transactions was published under the visionary editorship of Henry Oldenburg, who was also the Secretary of the Society. The first volumes of what was the world's first scientific journal were very different from today's journal, but in essence it served the same function; namely to inform the Fellows of the Society and other interested readers of the latest scientific discoveries. As such, Philosophical Transactions established the important principles of scientific priority and peer review, which have become the central foundations of scientific journals ever since. In 1886, the breadth and scope of scientific discovery had increased to such an extent that it became necessary to divide the journal into two, Philosophical Transactions A and B, covering the physical sciences and the life sciences respectively."

"Most of our oldest content is now freely available, specifically, all papers older than 70 years. In addition, papers published between 10 years ago and either 12 months ago (biological sciences) or 24 months ago (physical sciences) are freely available. For Biographical Memoirs all issues are now freely available, apart from the most recent issue" (https://royalsociety.org/journals/free-content/, accessed 02-2017).

[When I created this entry I was unable to determine when this digitization project originated; therefore I arbitarily assigned the year 2000. If anyone could supply the project origination date that would be much appreciated.]

http://rsbm.royalsocietypublishing.org/content/by/year/royobits

Health work of the League of Nations.

The role of the Rockefeller Foundation and the League of Nations in improving public health during the interwar period. Barona argues that the Foundation applied a model of business efficiency to its ideology of spreading good health, creating a revolution in public health practice.

First published 1979, with a very informative introduction and notes. The paperback edition (2009) contains an extensive supplementary note discussing scholarship relating to Physiologus since 1979.

The most comprehensive survey of the general background of the Physiologus, and the later influence of this text. Digital facsimile from the Internet Archive at this link.

The earliest surviving illustrated manuscript version of the Physiologus. Digital facsimile of the codex from e-codices.unifr.ch at this link.

This 9th century codex, from the Rheims scriptorium, was first published in print as: Physiologus Bernensis: Voll-Faksimile-Ausgabe des Codex Bongarsianus 318 der Burgerbibliothek Bern. Wissenschaftliche Kommentar von Christoph von Steiger und Otto Homburger. Basel: Alkuin-Verlag, 1964

Facsimile edtion and first publication of the first medical work written in Colombia, written between 1607 and 1611.

Juan José Tafalla Navascués, a Spanish pharmacist, explored botany in Peru, Chile and Ecuador from 1780 to 1788 as part of the  Expedición Botánica al Virreinato del Perú under the direction of Hipólito Ruiz López y José Pavón. Eduardo Estrella discovered the unpublished manuscripts of Tafalla's work, including beautiful paintings, in the Real Jardín Botánico archives in Madrid, and edited them for first publication roughly 200 years after they were created. Digital facsimile of vol. 1 from Bibliotheca Digital Real Jardín Botánico CSIC at this link; of vol. 2 at this link.

The first book printed in Mexico with engraved illustrations.

Arias de Benevides travelled to the New World where he observed native remedies and reported them in this book. In the book he also described his performance in Mexico City (1561) of the first neurosurgical intervention on the North American continent, in which he operated on a 13-year-old boy who had sustained head trauma that caused an open depressed cranial facture and exposed the cerebrum.

Digital facsimile from Google Books at this link.

http://cmg.bbaw.de/epubl/online/editionen.html

"Within the framework of the “Berlin Declaration on Open Access to Knowledge in the Sciences and Humanities”, the CMG is eager to make the results of the project freely available to the scientific community and the general public.

In this comprehensive study of prostitution in Lisbon Cruz analyzed the history of prostitution in Portugal and compared it to the practice in Japan, India, Egypt, ancient Greece and Rome, as well as a number of modern states. He defended legally regulated prostitution as a necessary public health measure. The leaves and folding tables between pp. 438 and [552] consist of 13 numbered “Mappas” containing statistical tables and explanations thereof for various districts of the city of Lisbon pertaining to the theme of the book. Digital facsimile from the Internet Archive at this link.

The earliest monograph on medicine published in Brazil. Digital facsimile from the U.S. National Library of Medicine at this link.

 A history of medicine in Portugal and its colonies during the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries.

Lists 198 books and manuscripts from the sixteenth through the nineteenth centuries in the collection of the National Academy of Medicine in Madrid.

Gay, a French botanist, was commissioned in 1830 by the government of Chile to carry out a thorough scientific survey of the country, and to produce a detailed description of its geography, geology and natural history. To accomplish this, Gay traveled from province to province for 11 years. In 1839 he was persuaded to add political history to the project, but only the section of the work covering the history of Chile up to the time of the discovery and conquest are his work; later, when he became too busy writing the volumes on natural history, the task of writing the political history was handed over to Francisco de Paula Noriega. The five volumes of history covering the discovery to 1810 constitute the first reasonably complete picture of Chilean history written with modern historiographical methodology. The text is divided as follows: Historia, 8 vols.; Documentos, 2 vols.; Agricultura, 2 vols.; Botánica, 8 vols.; and Zoología, 8 vols. (Richard Ramer).

Lists 1,863 plants in the botanical garden at the Escola Medico-Cirurgica of Lisbon, arranged by genus and species according to Decandolle’s classification. The authors note in which part of Europe, India, the Americas, Asia or Africa the plants were originally found and whether they are annual, perennial, tree, vine, etc. 

First published in 1851, this documents literature from ancient times to publication date. Research involved examination of 40,000 works in libraries at Vienna, Geneva, London, Paris and various German locations. Digital facsimile of the 1872 edition from the Hathi Trust at this link.

Azeredo noted that the tropical fevers found in Brazil and Angola were very similar. He claimed to have achieved excellent results with his “new method” of treatment, which included the use of quinine, nux vomica, arsenic, and the inside of the coconut rind. The Ensaios has separate sections dealing with the causes and cures of dysentery and tetanus. In the introduction, Pinto de Azeredo attacks the excessive use of bleeding in Angola and in America (“com particularidade na Bahia”). Lengthy footnotes include citations of authoritative references and recipes for cures such as various kinds of tea. (Richard Ramer). Digital facsimile from the Internet Archive at this link.

On the use of a root medicine to treat tapeworms, roundworms and similar parasites. The author refers to cases from Portuguese Africa, India and Brazil, and gives clinical observations based on his own case studies, several of which had been observed in Brazil. He describes in detail five types of parasites, describes symptoms, advocates his remedy, and gives zoological observations concerning the parasites. The large folding engraved plate depicts each of the five varieties of parasites from several different perspectives. (Richard Ramer).

Digital facsimile from Biodiversity Heritage Library at this link.

The first book on dermatology published in Portuguese. Digital facsimile from the Internet Archive at this link.

The first inventory of Portuguese hot springs, fountains, rivers, wells, lakes and reservoirs reputed to have medicinal properties, including some with allegedly supernatural powers of healing. For the 337 entries, Fonseca Henriques provided locations and comments on the facilities and the history of the sites. The extensive index by location sorts the waters by what they were reputed to cure, ranging from kidney stones and stomach pains to paralysis, rabies, and venereal disease. (Richard Ramer). Digital facsimile from the Biblioteca Nacional de Portugal at this link.

The first Portuguese book on ophthalmology. Santa Ana was the first Portuguese physician to specialize in ophthalmology. "He acknowledges (pp. vii-viii) that the section of the Elementos on anatomy and physiology is a translation of Deshais-Gendron’s Traité des maladies des yeux, 1770, but states that he made numerous corrections based on his own experience: “Aqui forão necessarias hum maior número de emendas, tanto em Anatomia, como em Fysica.” Likewise the section on pathology and therapy is a translation from Plenck’s Doctrina de morbis oculorum, 1777, but has numerous corrections based on Santa Anna’s experience." (Richard Ramer). Digital facsimile from the Hathi Trust at this link.

Loeb Classic Library. 

Critical edition based on a collation of the 26 known extant manuscripts and a study of the early Latin translations. Begun by Balme in 1975, with his work towards the Loeb editio minor of books VII–X, this edition includes all ten books, including a very full apparatus criticus. Volume I of the edition contains the complete text of the Historia Animalium, the critical apparatus, and Balme's introduction to the manuscripts, expanded and updated with the assistance of Friederike Berger, and in consultation with the editors of forthcoming editions of the extant medieval translations. 

Reflective of the extent to which homeopathy remained in mainstream American medicine in the period immediately after World War I. Reproduces at the front of the book a letter from President Warren G. Harding congratulating American homeopathic physicians for their work during the war. Digital facsimile from the Hathi Trust at this link.

Digital facsimile from Google Books at this link.

The text edited by Diels, with an English translation, introduction and notes by Jones, together with essays on the nature of Greek thought and medicine.

First critical edition and translation of this text by Galen which became a bestseller in the Middle Ages and the Renaissance (translations into Syrian, Arabic, Latin 8 versions and Hebrew; 14 commentaries from 1290 to 1567). 

The first work in a Western language on the insects of China, including pharmaceutical aspects. For this work Donovan obtained specimens and information from George Macartney a British envoy to China. Includes 50 colored plates, which are the first western depiction of Chinese insects.

Digital facsimile from Google Books at this link.

Digital facsimile from the Biodiversity Heritage Archive at this link.

"For Insects of India Donovan described and figured specimens in his own cabinet, that were originally collected by the late Duchess of Portland, Marmaduke Tunstall, a Governor Holford (many years resident in India), a Mr. Ellis, George Keate, a Mr. Yeats, and a Mr. Bailey. He also studied the collections of John Francillon, Mr. Drury and Alexander Macleay. His patron was Joseph Banks. It is the first illustrated publication dealing with the entomology of India. The exact publication date, stated on the title page as being 1800, is also unclear as most plates are later; for example, the plate for Cicada indica is dated Feb 1, 1804. Many of the butterflies figured are from the Americas. In the works of Fabricius on which the Epitome was based "Indiis" confusingly refers to the West Indies or northern South America" (Wikipedia)

Digital facsimile from the Internet Archive at this link.

"Apart from occasional excursions in England and Wales Donovan never left London. His Insects of New Holland is based on specimens collected by Joseph Banks and William Bayly an astronomer on the second and third voyages of James Cook, specimens in the collection of Dru Drury and other private collections as well as his own museum. It is the first publication dealing exclusively with the insects of Australia. In the preface Donovan writes "There is perhaps, no extent of country in the world, that can boast a more copious or diversified assemblage of interesting objects in every department of natural history than New Holland and its contiguous island". Most of the plates depict butterflies together with exotic plants. Donovan often used thick paints, burnished highlights, albumen overglazes and metallic paints. These covered the engravings (from his own copper plates, Donovan personally undertook all steps of the illustration process for his books, the drawing, the etching and engraving and the handcolouring) which are not visible. At other times the fineness of his engraving and etching is apparent giving his illustrations the appearance of being watercolours" (Wikipedia).

Digital facsimile from the Internet Archive at this link.

The first 5 volumes were issued in monthly parts, each consisting of 2 plates and accompanying text. A volume came out each year between 1794 and 1798; the fifth volume stated: "This work being now completed." However, five additional volumes, numbered 6-10, were published between 1816 and 1819. Donovan based some of his descriptions and illustrations on the bird specimens he acquired from the Leverian Museum. He issued a companion work, The natural history of the nest and eggs of British birds, begining in 1826. This remained unfinished at his death, with just 5 parts (of an anticipated 24 parts) completed.

Digital facsimile from the Biodiversity Heritage Archive, Internet Archive at this link.

Includes a total of 576 plates, of which 568 were colored.

"the paint is laid on so thickly that it is frequently impossible to see the engraved lines underneath. The already rich colouring is heightened by the addition of burnished highlights, albumen overglazes and metallic paints to give an overall effect reminiscent of the work of a miniaturist. Surprisingly, these techniques were often combined to produce a very pleasing and delicate effect: the multiple ruses of the colourist triumph over the draughtsman's numerous failures. Donovan overreached himself and died penniless ." (Dance, Art of natural History p. 87)

Digital facsimile from the Biodiversity Heritage Library at this link.

Shortly after the publication of Tabulae anatomicae sex, Vesalius completed this revision of Institutiones anatomicae, a Galenic anatomical text by his teacher Johann Guinter first published in 1536. Vesalius justified his new edition by citing the numerous typographical errors in the original; however, he also incorporated much new material detailing the minutiae of dissection and offering several independent anatomical judgments. These included the anti-Galenic observation that the cardiac systole is synchronous with the arterial pulse, an observation he would discuss again in his venesection epistle.

This work was edited with an English translation, and notes from Vesalius's own copy, by Vivian Nutton, in 2017. See No. 9092.

The first translation into English of Johann Guinter’s textbook as revised and annotated by Guinter’s student, Andreas Vesalius, in 1538. Despite Vesalius’ fame as an anatomist, his 1538 revision has attracted almost no attention. However, this new translation shows the significant rewrites and additional information added to the original based on his own dissections. 250 newly discovered manuscript annotations by Vesalius himself, preserved in his own copy of the book and published here in full for the first time, also show his working methods and ideas. 

First translation into a modern language.

Chapters 6-8 cover "Avoidance of offspring" or aspects of contraception.

First translation into a modern language of Books ! and II of De methodo medendi.  Very extensive introduction, commentary and bibliography.

Reprinted with corrections, 1995. "The Oxford Translation of Aristotle was originally published in 12 volumes between 1912 and 1954. It is universally recognized as the standard English version of Aristotle. This revised edition contains the substance of the original Translation, slightly emended in light of recent scholarship; three of the original versions have been replaced by new translations; and a new and enlarged selection of Fragments has been added. The aim of the translation remains the same: to make the surviving works of Aristotle readily accessible to English speaking readers" (Publisher).

A particularly valuable collection of reviews ot his work published in Current Anthropology, I5 (1974) 495-507 is available from JSTOR at this link.