1949 HODGKIN, Dorothy Crowfoot (1910 – 1994); ROGERS-LOW, Barbara Wharton (1920 – 2019)

X-ray crystallographic investigation of the structure of penicillin. IN: Clarke, Johnson, Robinson (eds.) Chemistry of penicillin (1949) 310-67.

Hodgkin and colleagues, including biochemist Barbara Low, solved the structure of penicillin in 1945, demonstrating, contrary to scientific opinion at the time, that it contains a β-lactam ring. The discovery was orig…

GMN 12635 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/14876

1959 MCCARTHY, John (1927 – 2011)

Programs with Common Sense. IN: Mechanisation of thought processes, Proceedings of the Symposium of the National Physics Laboratory, pages 77-84.

"Programs with Common Sense was probably the first paper on logical AI, i.e. AI in which logic is the method of representing information in computer memory and not just the subject matter of the program. The paper was…

GMN 12655 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/14899

1960 MCCARTHY, John (1927 – 2011)

Recursive functions of symbolic expressions and their computation by machine, Part 1.

The original paper on LISP, the first programming language designed for symbolic computation, which made the development of artificial intelligence programming possible. Part 2 was never published. Digital text from j…

GMN 12654 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/14898

1961 ROBINETTE, Joan C.

Bionics Symposium. Living prototypes-the key to new technology. Wadd Technical Report 60-600. Edited by Joan C. Robinette.

GMN 13057 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/15309

2002 DERISI, Joseph L.; WANG, David; COSCOY, Laurent; ZYLBERBERG, Maxine; ET AL

Microarray-based detection and genotyping of viral pathogens.

First publication of DeRisi's microarray assay for the detection and genotyping of viral pathogens. "To address the limitations of existing viral detection methodologies, we have developed a genomic approach to virus …

GMN 12439 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/14671

2011 CHIU, Charles Y.; DERISI, Joseph L.; CHEN, Eunice C.; MILLER, Steve A.

Using a pan-viral microarray assay (Virochip) to screen clinical samples for viral pathogens.

Direct link to the Journal of Visualized Experiments, JOVE.com: https://www.jove.com/video/2536/using-pan-viral-microarray-assay-virochip-to-screen-clinical-samples Using a Pan-Viral Microarray Assay (Virochip) to Scr…

GMN 12440 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/14672