1848 STRICKLAND, Hugh Edwin (1811 – 1853); MELVILLE, Alexander Gordon (1819 – 1901)
The dodo and its kindred; Or, the history, affinities, and osteology of the dodo, solitaire, and other extinct birds of the islands Mauritius, Rodriguez and Bourbon.
The first separate monograph on the dodo, an extinct flightless bird that was endemic to the island of Mauritius, east of Madagascar in the Indian Ocean. "The closest genetic relative to the dodo was the also extinct …
GMN 10176 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/12365
1850 –1863 CABANIS, Jean Louis (1816 – 1906); HEINE, Jakob Gottlieb Ferdinand (1809 – 1894)
Museum Heineanum: Verzeichniss der ornithologischen Sammlung des Oberamtmann Ferdinand Heine, auf Gut St. Burchard vor Halberstadt, mit kritischen Anmerkungen und Beschreibung der neuen Arten, systematisch bearbeitet von Jean Cabanis. 4 vols.
Heine collected the largest private collection of birds in the mid-19th century. His collection of 27,000 specimens and 15,000 books is preserved the Heineanum Halberstadt Museum in Halberstadt. Digital facsimile from…
GMN 13001 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/15250
1853 KÜCHENMEISTER, Gottlob Friedrich Heinrich (1821 – 1890)
Ueber Cestoden im allgemeinen und die des Menschen insbesondere, hauptsächlich mit Berücksichtigung ihrer Entwickelungsgeschichte, geographischen Verbreitung, Prophylaxe und Abtreibung; für Freunde der Naturwissenschaften, Aerzte, Medicinalpolizei-Beamte, Staats- und Privat-Oekonomen.
Kuchenmeister conducted research on tapeworms, trichinosis, and other parasites and wrote about it several works. In 1852, his theory that bladder-worms are juvenile tapeworms gained the attention of the medical profe…
GMN 2450 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/2965
1853 WALLACE, Alfred Russel (1823 – 1913)
A narrative of travels on the Amazon and Rio Negro, with an account of the native tribes and observations on the climate, geology and natural history of the Amazon Valley.
Digital facsimile from Google Books at this link.
GMN 7445 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/9617
1853 GOOD, Peter Peyto (1789 – 1875)
A materia medica animalia, containing the scientific analysis, natural history and chemical and medical properties and uses of the substances that are the products of beasts, birds, fishes or insects ...
Digital facsimile from the Biodiversity Heritage Library at this link.
GMN 7747 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/9919
1854 ROYAL COLLEGE OF SURGEONS OF ENGLAND
Descriptive catalogue of the fossil organic remains of Reptilia and Pisces contained in the museum of the Royal College of Surgeons of England.
Digital facsimile from Google Books at this link.
GMN 13865 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/16155
1855 –1856 DUVERNOY, George Louis (1777 – 1855)
Des caractères anatomiques des grands singes pseudo-anthropomorphes.
With 16 lithographed plates, this continues to be one of the most frequently cited of all works in the history of primate anatomy.
GMN 10884 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/13080
1856 CASSIN, John (1813 – 1869)
Illustrations of the birds of California, Texas, Oregon, British and Russian America. Intended to contain descriptions and figures of North American birds not given by former American authors, and a general synopsis of North American ornithology. 1853 to 1855.
Originally issued in ten parts from 1853 to 1855. Cassin ran an engraving and lithographing firm in Philadelphia, which produced illustrations for government and scientific publications. He pursued ornithology as an a…
GMN 7875 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/10047
1856 MARSH, George Perkins (1801 – 1882)
The camel: His organization habits and uses considered with reference to his introduction into the United States.
Marsh, who is remembered today for his contributions to ecology in his book, Man and nature, was appointed by president Zachary Taylor United States minister resident in the Ottoman Empire from 1849-1854. There he und…
GMN 10261 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/12452
1857 –1877 AGASSIZ, Louis Jean Rodolphe (1807 – 1873); AGASSIZ, Alexander Emmanuel Rodolphe (1835 – 1910)
Contributions to the natural history of the United States. 5 vols.
Vols. 1-4 by Louis Agassiz were published from 1857-1862; Vol. 5, North American starfishes by Alexander Agassiz, appeared in 1877. Louis Agassiz was, for his time, the leading comparative anatomist in America and a v…
GMN 333 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/217
1857 –1859 TORREY, John (1796 – 1873); EMORY, William Hemsley (1811 – 1887); BAIRD, Spencer Fullerton (1823 – 1887); CONRAD, Timothy Abbott (1803 – 1877); ENGELMANN, George (1809 – 1884); GIRARD, Charles Frédéric (1822 – 1895); PARRY, Charles Christopher (1823 – 1890); SCHOTT, Arthur Carl Victor (1814 – 1875); HALL, James Jr. (1811 – 1898)
Report on the United States and Mexican boundary survey: Made under the direction of the secretary of the Interior
Vol. 1, pt. by W. H. Emory. Vol. 1, pt. 2: Geological reports by C.C. Parry and Arthur Schott, notes by W. H. Emory; Paleontology and geology of the boundary by James Hall; Description of cretaceous and tertiary fossi…
GMN 10514 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/12707
1857 –1860 MILNE-EDWARDS, Henri (1800 – 1885)
Histoire naturelle des coralliaires, ou polypes proprement dits. 3 vols. + Atlas.
Digital facsimile from Biodiversity Heritage Library at this link.
GMN 12018 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/14226
1858 JOBERT DE LAMBALLE, Antoine Joseph (1799 – 1867)
Des appareils l'electriques des poissons l'electriques. 2 vols. (Text and atlas).
Digital facsimile of the text from the Hathi Trust at this link.
GMN 12256 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/14472
1859 –1969 BRONN, Heinrich Georg (1800 – 1862)
Die Klassen und Ordnungen des Thier-Reichs, wissenschaftlich dargestellt in Wort und Bild.
This great systematic work, begun by Bronn, was continued by other naturalists. It deals with both recent and fossil zoology. Bronn wrote the volumes dealing with Amorphozoa, Actinozoa, and Malacozoa, published 1859-1…
GMN 334 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/219
1859 WALLACE, Alfred Russel (1823 – 1913); DARWIN, Charles Robert (1809 – 1882)
On the tendency of species to form varieties: and on the perpetuation of varieties and species by natural means of selection.
The first printed exposition of the “Darwinian” theory of evolution by natural selection. Had not Wallace independently discovered the theory of natural selection, it is possible that the extremely cautious Darwin mig…
GMN 219 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/4042
1859 DARWIN, Charles Robert (1809 – 1882)
On the origin of species by means of natural selection, or the preservation of favoured races in the struggle for life.
Prepared under the advice of Lyell and Hooker, and brought to press soon after publication of the joint paper by Darwin and Wallace (No. 219), this was Darwin’s greatest work and one of the most important books ever p…
GMN 220 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/4044
1859 –1870 GÜNTHER, Albert Karl Ludwig Gotthilf (Albert Charles Lewis Gotthilf) (1830 – 1914)
Catalogue of the fishes in the British Museum. 8 vols.
Digital facsimiles from the Hathi Trust at this link.
GMN 9317 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/11499
1859 BAIRD, Spencer Fullerton (1823 – 1887)
Mammals of North America: The descriptions of species based chiefly on the collections in the Museum of the Smithsonian Institution.
An overview of North American mammals in three parts, assembled from two previously published sources. Parts 1 & 2 are continuously paginated. The work consists first of a reprint of the Reports upon the Mammals that …
GMN 12470 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/14703
1859 BENEDEN, Pierre-Joseph van (1809 – 1894); GERVAIS, François Louis Paul (1816 – 1879)
Zoologie médicale exposé méthodique du régne animal basé sur l'anatomie, l'embryologie et la paléontologie comprenant la description des espèces employées en médicine de celles qui sont venimuses et de celles qui sont parasites de l'homme et des animaux. 2 vols.
Digital facsimile from Biodiversity Heritage Library at this link.
GMN 13815 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/16104
1860 PANUM, Peter Ludvig (1820 – 1885)
Untersuchungen über die Entstehung der Missbildungen Zunächst in den Eiem der Vögel.
The first monograph on experimental teratology.
GMN 534.62 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/1825
1860 WALLACE, Alfred Russel (1823 – 1913)
The Malay archipelago: The land of the orang-utan and the bird of paradise. 2 vols.
GMN 7439 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/9611
1860 HOLBROOK, John Edwards (1794 – 1871)
Ichthyology of South Carolina. Vol. 1 (All Published).
Digital facsimile from BnF Gallica at this link.
GMN 10337 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/12529
1860 GOSSE, Philip Henry (1810 – 1888)
Actinologia Britannica. A history of the British sea-anemones and corals. With coloured figures of the species and principal varieties.
Digital facsimile from Biodiversity Heritage Library at this link.
GMN 11805 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/14007
1861 CARUS, Julius Victor (1823 – 1903); ENGELMANN, Wilhelm (1808 – 1878)
Bibliotheca zoologica. Verzeichniss der Schriften über zoologie, welche in den Periodischen werken enthalten und vom Jahre 1846-1860 selbständig erschienen Sind. Mit Einschluss der allgemein-naturgeschichtlichen periodischen und palaeontologischen Schriften. 2 vols.
Digital facsimile from Biodiversity Heritage Library at this link.
GMN 12462 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/14695
1862 BATES, Henry Walter (1825 – 1892)
Contributions to an insect fauna of the Amazon valley: Lepidoptera: Heliconidae.
Bates spent eleven years in the Amazon and there collected 8,000 species of insects new to science. In the above paper he clearly stated and solved the problem of “mimicry”, known today as “Batesian mimicry”. The supe…
GMN 220.1 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/4046
1863 HUXLEY, Thomas Henry (1825 – 1895)
Evidence as to man’s place in nature.
Huxley showed that in the visible characters man differs less from the higher apes than do the latter from lower members of the same order of primates. He also provided the first thorough and detailed comparative desc…
GMN 165 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/3242
1863 BASTIAN, Henry Charlton (1837 – 1915)
On the structure and nature of the Dracunculus or Guinea worm.
First detailed description.
GMN 5344.2 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/6768
1863 BATES, Henry Walter (1825 – 1892)
The naturalist on the river Amazons, a record of adventures, habits of animals, sketches of Brazilian and Indian life, and aspects of nature under the equator, during eleven years of travel. 2 vols.
Digital facsimile from the Internet Archive at this link.
GMN 7442 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/9614
1863 OWEN, Sir Richard (1804 – 1892)
Monograph on the Aye-Aye (Chiromys madagascariensis, Cuvier).
For the first 100 years after the first aye-aye was brought to Europe from Madagascar in the 1780s, debate persisted over whether it was a rodent, a primate, or most closely related to the kangaroo. Classification of …
GMN 12657 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/14901
1864 –1865 COUCH, Jonathan (1789 – 1870)
A history of the fishes of the British Islands. 4 vols.
Couch, a general practitioner at Polperro, Cornwall, became one of the greatest authorities on British fishes. The work, a monument of industry and patience, includes 252 hand-colored plates, also by Couch. Digital fa…
GMN 335 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/222
1864 COBBOLD, Thomas Spencer (1828 – 1886)
Entozoa.
Cobbold suggested (p. 36) that a mollusc was the intermediate host in bilharziasis.
GMN 5344.4 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/6774
1865 VROLIK, Willem (1801 – 1863)
Catalogue de la superbe bibliothèque d'ethnographie, de zoologie, d'anatomie comparée, etc....
The auction catalogue of Vrolik's library, sold two years after his death, organized by subject. Prefaced by an essay about Vrolik's life and work by J. van der Hoeven, and a chronological list of Vrolik's publication…
GMN 6938 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/9103
1865 OWEN, Sir Richard (1804 – 1892)
Memoir on the Gorilla (Troglodytes Gorilla, Savage).
This reset monograph version of Owen's paper consists of revised and augmented portions of Owen's "Contributions to the natural history of the Anthropoid Apes," which appeared in the Transactions of the Zoological Soc…
GMN 7612 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/9784
1866 –1868 OWEN, Sir Richard (1804 – 1892)
On the anatomy and physiology of the vertebrates. 3 vols.
Vol. 1. Fishes and reptiles; Vol. 2. Birds; Vol. 3. Mammals. The most important work on the subject after Cuvier, based entirely on personal observations. Owen entitled his 40th and concluding chapter "Derivative hypo…
GMN 336 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/224
1866 –1868 ELLIOT, Daniel Giraud (1835 – 1915)
The new and heretofore unfigured species of the birds of North America. 2 vols.
Elliot described his aims for this work in the preface: "Since the time of Wilson and Audubon, no work has been published upon American Ornithology, containing life-size representations of the various species that hav…
GMN 12476 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/14709
1868 DARWIN, Charles Robert (1809 – 1882)
The variation of animals and plants under domestication. 2 vols.
Darwin carried out numerous investigations with pigeons and various plants. He recognized continuous and discontinuous variation; he concluded that crossing tends to keep populations uniform.
GMN 224.1 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/4405
1868 HUXLEY, Thomas Henry (1825 – 1895)
On the animals which are most nearly intermediate between birds and reptiles.
Huxley proposed a close relationship between birds and dinosaurs after the discovery in Germany of the primitive fossil bird Archaeopteryx. He made detailed comparisons of Archaeopteryx with various prehistoric reptil…
GMN 9351 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/11533
1868 KENNEDY, Alexander William Maxwell Clark (1851 – 1894)
The birds of Berkshire and Buckinghamshire: A contribution to the natural history of the two counties.
The first book on ornithology illustrated with original photogaphs. In this case the four photographs were also hand-tinted. Digital facsimile from the Internet Archive at this link.
GMN 13197 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/15458
1868 –1874 MILNE-EDWARDS, Henri (1800 – 1885); MILNE-EDWARDS, Alphonse (1835 – 1900)
Recherches pour servir à l'histoire naturelle des mammifères comprenant des considérations sur la classification de ces animaux. 2 vols.
Concerns primarily the mammals of China and Tibet. Volume 2 is an atlas of 108 plates. Digital facsimile from Biodiversity Heritage Library at this link.
GMN 13444 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/15716
1869 AGASSIZ, Louis Jean Rodolphe (1807 – 1873)
De l'espèce et de la classification en zoologie. Traduction de l'anglais par Félix Vogeli. Édition revue et agumentée par l'auteur.
While Agassiz often wrote in general terms regarding his virulent opposition to Darwin's theory of evolution by natural selection, he provided his scientific rationale for that opposition only in an appendix to the Fr…
GMN 9473 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/11657
1869 –1880 BENEDEN, Pierre-Joseph van (1809 – 1894); GERVAIS, François Louis Paul (1816 – 1879)
Ostéographie des cétacés vivants et fossiles, comprenant la description et l'iconographie du squelette et du système dentaire de ces animaux, ainsi que des documents relatifs à leur histoire naturelle. Folio atlas + 3 vols. text.
Digital facsimile from Biodiversity Heritage Library at this link.
GMN 10292 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/12483
1871 DARWIN, Charles Robert (1809 – 1882)
The descent of man, and selection in relation to sex. 2 vols.
This is really two works. The first demolished the theory that the universe was created for humans while in the second Darwin presented a mass of evidence in support of his earlier hypothesis regarding sexual selectio…
GMN 170 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/3255
1871 HARTING, James Edmund (1841 – 1928)
The ornithology of Shakespeare. Critically examined, explained, and illustrated.
Digital facsimile from Google Books at this link.
GMN 13216 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/15480
1872 CARUS, Julius Victor (1823 – 1903)
Geschichte der Zoologie bis auf Joh. Müller und Charl. Darwin.
French edition, 1880. Digital facsimile of the German edition from Biodiversity Heritage Library at this link; of the French edition from Google Books at this link.
GMN 353 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/280
1872 FAYRER, Sir Joseph (1824 – 1907)
The thanatophidia of India. Being a Description of the venomous snakes of the Indian Peninsula, with an account of the influence of their poison on life and a series of experiments
Considered the first systematic work on venomous snakes. Describes all the venomous snakes of India. Digital facsimile from the Internet Archive at this link.
GMN 2105 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/2604
1872 COUES, Elliott Ladd (1842 – 1899)
Key to North American birds containing a concise account of every species of living and fossil bird at present known from the continent north of the Mexican and United States boundary.
Coues continued to revise and expand this work, putting it through four editions during his lifetime. Digital facsimile of the 1872 edition from the Hathi Trust at this link. The Hathi Trust also makes available digit…
GMN 11790 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/13992
1872 DANA, James Dwight (1813 – 1895)
Corals and coral islands.
Digital facsimile from Biodiversity Heritage Library at this link.
GMN 11803 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/14005
1872 GRAY, John Edward (1800 – 1875); SOWERBY, James De Carle (1787 – 1871); BELL, Thomas (1792 – 1880); LEAR, Edward (1812 – 1888)
Tortoises, terrapins, and turtles drawn from life
Though not credited on the title page, Thomas Bell was superintendent of the plates and the intended author of this work. James de Carle Sowerby created the original paintings. Edward Lear drew the plates on stone. Fo…
GMN 13353 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/15624
1873 THOMSON, Charles Wyville (1830 – 1882)
The depths of the sea. An account of the general results of the dredging cruises of H. M. SS. 'Porcupine' and 'Lightning during the summers of 1868, 1869, and 1870, under the scientific direction of Dr. Carpenter, F.R.S., J. Gwyn Jeffreys, F.R.S., and Dr. Wyville Thomson, F.R.S.
Digital facsimile from the Internet Archive at this link.
GMN 7483 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/9655
1873 ELLIOT, Daniel Giraud (1835 – 1915); WOLF, Joseph (1820 – 1899); SMIT, Joseph (1836 – 1929)
A monograph of the Paradiseidae or birds of paradise.
This work contains 36 plates by lithographed Joseph Smit from drawings by Joseph Wolf, and handcolored by J.D. White. Wolf was regarded as the greatest bird artist of his time. Among the birds of paradise there are so…
GMN 12879 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/15126
