Schlesinger showed that hemolytic streptococcal infection was a cause of acute rheumatism in children.

Demonstration of the need of the body for certain unsaturated fatty acids (vitamin F).

Discovery of vitamin B₅, probably identical with nicotinic acid. With H. W. Kinnersley and R. A. Peters.

The work of Kosaka and Lim led to the discovery of a hormone inhibiting gastric secretion (“enterogastrone”).

Crystallization of pepsin and its identity as a protein. 

In 1946 Northrop shared half of the Nobel Prize in Chemistry with Wendell Meredith Stanley "for their preparation of enzymes and virus proteins in a pure form." The other half was awarded to James Bathcellor Sumner "for his discovery that enzymes can be crystallized."

Reprinted, New York, Hafner, 1964.

Harriet Edgeworth discovered by accident the beneficial effect of ephedrine in myasthenia gravis. Digital facsimile from jamanetwork.com at this link.

Houssay’s depancreatized hypophysectomized dog. This work led to Houssay’s demonstration of the importance of the anterior pituitary in sugar metabolism. See also Endocrinology, 1931,15, 511-23.

In 1947 Houssay shared the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine "for discovery of the part played by the hormone of the anterior pituitary lobe in the metabolism of sugar."

Collip’s anterior-pituitary-like (A-L-P) factor.

First isolation of a pure crystalline hormone (estrone). Preliminary communication in Amer. J. Physiol., 1929, 90, 329-30.

Crystalline estriol obtained.

Introduction of short-wave diathermy.

A digest of the literature, together with an excellent bibliography. By their earlier work (J. Pharmacol., 1924, 24, 339-57) Chen and Schmidt aroused worldwide interest in ephedrine.

Isolation of digoxin from Digitalis lanata.

Sulzberger showed that allergens gaining access to the epidermis are processed there in some manner (Langerhans cells?) that determines their allergenicity. See No. 2576.02

Important study of the age and sex incidence of cancer.

Wolff–Parkinson–White syndrome, the best-known of the “pre-excitation syndromes”.

A well-illustrated and reliable account. 

Gänsslen introduced an injectable liver extract in the treatment of pernicious anemia.

Wintrobe’s classification of the anemias.

Template or instruction theory of antibody formation.

Thomson’s technique in the laryngofissure procedure for intrinsic cancer of the larynx was published in his Diseases of the nose and throat, London, 1911, pp. 732-37.

The writings of Heraclides are frequently quoted by Galen, who regarded Heraclides as a reliable authority. Unfortunately, only a few fragments of Heraclides's works survived; his work is mainly known through quotations from Galen, Caelius Aurelianus, and others.

Temporal arteritis is first described in Case 24 (p. 532). Schmidt’s paper also appeared in Bibl. Laeger, 1930, 122,269 (Case 24, p. 320). Temporal arteritis was also described as a new condition by B. T. Horton, T. B. Magath, and G. E. Brown, Proc. Mayo Clin.,1932, 7,700-01.

Includes a brief history of the subject.

Discovery of the hypoglycemic effect of certain sulphonamide derivatives. With L. L. Silva and L. Libenson.

Alum-precipitated toxoid for active immunization.

“Milkman’s syndrome”.

In Japan tularemia is known as “Ohara’s disease”.

Intravenous use of pentobarbitone sodium. 

Demonstration of the anesthetic properties of divinyl ether.

A history of French psychiatry from Fernel to the end of the 19th century, focused around the work of each pioneer. Semelaigne was the great grand-nephew of Pinel.

Modern refinement of Mirault’s precedure for repair of cleft lip.

Becker first clearly described Colorado tick fever as a separate entity and suggested that the causal organism was transmitted by the tick, Dermacentor andersoni.

Discovery of the causal agent of psittacosis, Chlamydia psittaci. Simultaneously A. C. Coles (Lancet, 1930, 1, 1011-12) and R. D. Lillie (Publ. Hlth. Rep., Wash., 1930, 45, 773-78) made the same discovery, and the elementary bodies of psittacosis are known as the Levinthal–Coles–Lillie (LCL) bodies.

First full description of epidemic myositis, “Bornholm disease”. See also Sylvest’s monograph on the subject, London, 1934.

At Luxor, Egypt, in 1862 the American collector and dealer in papyri Edwin Smith purchased the papyrus which bears his name. It is preserved at the New York Academy of Medicine. The original text was written about 3000 BCE; the present manuscript is a copy dating from about 1600 BCE. It is the oldest known surgical treatise and consists entirely of case reports; it describes 47 different cases of injuries and affections of the head, nose, and mouth, together with methods of bandaging. 

A more recent edition in French is: Claude Carrier and Dider Fournier, Le papyrus chirurgical Edwin Smith (New York Academy of Medicine Library). Brest: PAM, 2015. This edition includes a transcription of the text with philological analysis followed by a medical analysis case by case.

Elschnig developed the method of corneal grafting introduced by von Hippel (No. 5933) and produced good results on the human eye.

The manufacture of modern contact lenses was made possible by the work of Heine. See also his paper in Lancet, 1931, 1, 631-32. For a brief history of this subject, see Schweiz, med. Wschr., 1946, 76, 719.

Superficial diathermy treatment of retinal detachment. See also Arch Ophthal. (N.Y.), 1932, 7, 661-80.

Foster Moore’s technique for the radiation treatment of choroidal neoplasms.

See also his paper in Brit. J. Ophthal., 1934, 18, 129-42.

Blalock “demonstrated that surgical shock is not due to the elaboration of toxins nor to reflex neurologic mechanisms, but … to decrease in circulating the blood volume” (M.M. Ravitch). He wrote many papers on the subject, principally experimental studies; Ravitch considered this paper from 1930 the most important (see Johns Hopk. med. J., 1977, 140, 57-67, for bibliography).

The intracerebral protection test in mice, a test for the diagnosis of yellow fever and for the determination of its past existence in a community, was made possible by Theiler’s discovery that white mice are susceptible to the intracerebral inoculation of the virus. 

Introduction of amniography. With J. D. Miller and L. E. Holly.

Reprinted, 1961.

The authors transmitted lymphogranuloma venereum to animals and attributed it to a virus. See also C. R. Soc. Biol. (Paris), 1931, 106, 802-03.

Appendix and Errata, 1933. Digital facsimile from Google Books at this link.

Publication began with the first 2 vols. edited after Plarr's death by D'Arcy Power with the assistance of W. G. Spencer and G. E. Gask, 1930. Supplement, 1930-51, by Sir D’Arcy Power and W. R. LeFanu, 1953. Second supplement, 1952-64, by R.H.O.B. Robinson and W. R. LeFanu, 1970. Third supplement. 1965-73 by Sir J. Paterson Ross and W. R. LeFanu, 1981. Fourth supplement, 1974-82 by E.H. Cornelius and S.F. Taylor, 1988.

http://livesonline.rcseng.ac.uk/browse.htm

"Plarr’s Lives of the Fellows is a biographical register of the fellows of the Royal College of Surgeons of England. With over 9000 obituaries now available online, and more being added every month, it not only serves as a record of the evolution of surgery, but also an important archive for English social history.

"Victor Plarr (1863-1929), who was the college librarian from 1897 until his death, produced the first two printed volumes which were published after his death in 1930. Nine print volumes were produced with the last one published in 2005. These covered all those fellows (FRCS) who were known to have died between 1843, when the FRCS was established, and 2002. In 2006, the Lives Online website was set up and entries began to be uploaded for all those fellows who had died since 2002.

"In January 2016, the last obituaries published in printed volumes one to nine were put online, a project eight years in the making. However, if you know of a fellow who died before 2002 and is not listed on this website, please do let us know.

"The Lives of the Fellows team continue to add entries for newly deceased fellows on a monthly basis" (http://livesonline.rcseng.ac.uk/, accessed 03-2017).

Clio Medica series.

Clio Medica series.

Catalogue of the printed books in the celebrated library formed by William Hunter (1718-83), now called the Hunterian Collection, at the University of Glasgow Library. The catalogue was actually printed in 1916, well over 100 years after Hunter's death, but not issued until 1930 because of the First World War. See No. 6768.1.

The first coherent general algebraic analysis of Mendelian population behavior. The work contains Fisher’s rigorous development of his “fundamental theorem of natural selection”–”the rate of increase in fitness of any organism at any time is equal to its genetic variance in fitness at that time.”

"Fisher's principle is an evolutionary model that explains why the sex ratio of most species that produce offspring through sexual reproduction is approximately 1:1 between males and females. It was famously outlined by Ronald Fisher in his 1930 book The Genetical Theory of Natural Selection^[1] (but incorrectly attributed to Fisher as original^[2]). Nevertheless, A. W. F. Edwards has remarked that it is "probably the most celebrated argument in evolutionary biology".^[2] Specifically, Fisher couched his argument in terms of parental expenditure, and predicted that parental expenditure on both sexes should be equal. Sex ratios that are 1:1 are hence known as "Fisherian", and those that are not 1:1 are "non-Fisherian" or "extraordinary" and occur because they break the assumptions made in Fisher's model.^[3] Many eusocial wasps, such as the Polistes fuscatus and the Polistes exclamans seem to exhibit such a ratio at times." (Wikipedia article on Fisher's principle, accessed 03-2017).

Along with Wright (No. 253.1) and Haldane (No. 254), Fisher established mathematical population genetics.

This translation of Book I of the Canon accompanied by a large number of valuable notes and comments on the text, which bring out the close connection between Arabic and Chinese medicine, and the influence which Avicenna had upon many medieval scholars. A translation direct from Arabic into English by H. A. Hameed et al. was published in New Delhi, 1970.

Wever and Bray discovered the electrical activity of the inner ear−then called the coclear microphonic−which enabled the development of the physiology of the ear.

Milankovitch cycles, first exposition (176 pages). Milankovitch theorized that variations in eccentricity, axial tilt, and precession of the Earth's orbit determined climatic patterns on Earth through orbital forcing, leading to periodic Ice Ages.

Pales described a broad range of diseases and noted relationships between disease, evolution and species extinction.

In 1929 Alles discovered the sympathomimetic properties of beta-phenyl-isopropylamine (amphetamine). With G. Piness and H. Miller.

Extensively revised by the author, with additional notes by the translator (unidentified), from Das Weib im altindischen Epos. Ein Beitrag zur indischen und zur vergleichenden Kulturgeschichte. Von Johann Jacob Meyer. (Leipzig, W. Heims, 1915.) Digital facsimile of the 1953 reprint of the English translation from the Internet Archive at this link. Digital facsimile of the original German edition from the Hathi Trust at this link.

Old Uygur medical fragments, some of which are now lost, in the Berlin Turfan collection. Rachmati was the pioneer historian of Islamic Central Asian medicine.

Bälz was personal physician to the Japanese Imperial Family and cofounder of modern western medicine in Japan. 

"Bälz taught more than 800 students in Western medicine during his tenure at the Tokyo Imperial University. During his stay in Japan, he treated some of the most influential men in the Meiji government, including Prime Ministers Itō Hirobumi and Yamagata Aritomo. On Bälz' initiative, the volcanic springs of Kusatsu (200 km away from Tokyo) were transformed into the most successful hot spring resort of Japan. He compared the area with the European spa resort of Karlsbad, and felt that mountainous air, as well as the clear waters, was very conducive to health" (Wikipedia article on Erwin Bälz, accessed 02-2018).

Translated from the German by Eden and Cedar Paul as Awakening Japan: the diary of a German doctor: Erwin Baelz (New York: Viking Press, 1932).

Digital facsimile from the U.S. Library of Congress at this link.

Sexuality in World War I. Abridged translation into English Sexual History of the World War (New York, Panurge Press, 1934). Only a small sampling of the plates from the German edition were issued as Illustrated Supplement to The Sexual History of the World War (New York: Panurge Press, n.d).

A separate edition in book form was also issued.

"The Harvard Medical African Expedition of 1926-1927 was an eight-man venture sent by Harvard University for the primary purpose of conducting a medical and biological survey of Liberia; the secondary purpose being to then cross Africa from coast to coast - west to east - through the Belgian Congo (and other regions) so as to make a comparative study of their Liberian findings.^[1][2] Furthermore, the Liberian interior was next of kin to being terra incognita in the West, there having been no previous medical or scientific survey of the region, nor any recorded expedition into the Liberian hinterlands.^[1] The Expedition leader was Richard Pearson Strong (Harvard's first Professor of tropical medicine),^[3] with the others being zoologists Harold Jefferson Coolidge Jr. (Assistant Curator of Mammals at Harvard) and Dr. Glover Morrill Allen, entomologist Dr. Joseph Charles Bequaert, botanist and Washington University Professor David H. Linder, bacteriologist Dr. George C. Shattuck, clinician Dr. Max Theiler, and Assistant Ornithologist Loring Whitman (also a Harvard medical student and the Photographer).^[4][1] The Expedition was a success and, while its "chief objective was the investigation of tropical diseases, many zoological specimens were collected and the customs of the native tribes were studied."^[5] The story of their travels back and forth across Liberia, and reports of the diseases found that ailed the inhabitants, animals and plants was published in the two-volume The African Republic of Liberia and the Belgian Congo: Based on the Observations Made and Material Collected during the Harvard African Expedition, 1926-1927 written by Dr. Strong in a partnership with other Expedition members and Harvard officials" (Wikipedia article on Harvard Medical African Expedition (1926-1927) ).

Digital facsimile of from the Hathi Trust at this link.

The expedition made 5 silent films. When I checked in May 2020 4 of the 5 were available at Vimeo.com: https://vimeo.com/search?q=harvard+african+expedition

Tilesius's doctoral dissertation introduced the laboratory technique of moving-boundary electrophoresis, a technique for separation of chemical compounds by electrophoresis in free solution.

For this work, and the work published in entries 12831, 12832, and 2576.8, Tilesius received the 1948 Nobel Prize in Chemistry "for his research on electrophoresis and absorption analysis, especially for his discoveries concerning the complex nature of serum proteins."

(Thanks to Juan Weiss for this reference and its interpretation.)

Paget believed that speech originated in the "pantomimic action" of the lips and tongue related to the speaker's senses and emotions. This led to his central thesis that hand signs and gestures were the original form of human communication, and that humans had evolved to communicate vocally as their "hands [were] full".  He reviewed the history of devices for speech synthesis, and described his experiments on the nature of vowel and consonant sounds artificially produced by models. The latter part of the book concerned with voice production, the treatment of speech defects, how to teach deaf mutes, the principles of ventriloquism, and how to improve language and spelling. Digital facsimile from the Internet Archive at this link.

When he delivered this presentation Cardozo was Chief Judge of the New York Court of Appeals. In 1832 President Herbert Hoover appointed Cardozo to the U.S. Supreme Court to succeed Oliver Wendell Holmes, Jr.

A comprehensive summary and bibliography of the literature on vertebrate zoology. The first 170 pages are a narrative divided into 19 chapters, plus an index. The remainder is a "partially annotated catalogue" arranged alphatically by author. Digital facsimile from the Internet Archive at this link.

The first English treatise on sports medicine.

“Adie’s syndrome”; see also his later paper in Brain, 1932, 55, 98-113. It was earlier reported by J. Strasberger, by A. Saenger and by M. Nonne in Neurol. Zbl., 1902, 21, 738, 837, and 1000. See also No. 5950.

Medical Research Council Special Report No. 158. R. B. Bourdillon, H. M. Bruce, C. Fischmann, R. G. C. Jenkins, and T. A. Webster isolated from irradiated ergosterol a crystalline compound, calciferol, which, weight for weight, has 400,000 times the anti-rachitic value of cod liver oil. See also No. 1061.

Cannon and Bacq suggested the name “sympathin” for a substance which they considered to be liberated into the blood stream following nerve stimulation and which acted in the same manner as sympathetic impulses. See also No. 1350.

The male sex hormone, androsterone, was isolated in crystalline form by Butenandt.

In 1939 Butenandt received half of  the Nobel Prize in Chemistry "for his work on sex hormones." The other half was awarded to Leopold Ruzicka "for his work on polymethylenes and higher terpenes." See No. 1201.

Second edition, 1935.

Discovery of pinocytosis.

With C.G. Douglas, L.P. Kendal, & R. Margaria. The first recorded attack of bends pain experienced at low barometric pressures. The authors atttempted to find the maximum altitude at which work could be done effectively with the subject breathing pure oxygen.

Forms tome I of Traité de la syphilis, ed. by E. Jeanselme and E. Shulmann.

Introduction of the method.

In his important studies on the filtration of virus preparations, Elford showed that different viruses possessed different and characteristic sizes.

By their demonstration of the infection of the chorio-allantoic membrane with the virus of fowl pox, Woodruff and Goodpasture initiated wide-spread adoption of this host for the study of viruses.

The decholin method for estimation of circulation time. With J. Deutsch and Z. Brull.

Pelger–Huët anomaly of the nuclei of the leucocytes; see also No. 3089. German translation in Klin. Wschr., 1932, 11,1264-66.

Elliot Smith visited Peking to view the skull of Sinanthropus pekinensis, discovered by W. C. Pei on December 2, 1929. A preliminary description by Pei is to be found in Bull. geol. Soc. China, 1929, 8, 3.

First observations of hemopoietic effect of folic acid.

Removal of entire bronchiectatic lung; successful.

Introduction of roentgen kymography.

Star-shaped radiolucencies caused by gas in gallstones.

Thorotrast first used in arteriography.

Benedict’s test for blood-sugar.

“Fanconi’s syndrome”, dysfunction of the renal tubules with hypophosphatemia, renal glycosuria, and metabolic disturbances.

First successful surgical intervention in cardiac aneurysm.

Kauffmann–White classification of Salmonella based on antigenic structure. For historical note, including the part played by P. B. White, see J. Hyg. (camb), 1934, 34, 335.

J. S. Anderson, F. C. Happold, J. W. McLeod, and J. G. Thomson were the first to distinguish the gravis, mitis, and intermediate types of C. diphtheriae.

Subarachnoid injection of alcohol for the relief of pain.

Leslie and Gardner classified H. pertussis cultures into four types and established an experimental basis for the development of an effective vaccine.

Larrey observed the therapeutic effect of maggots on wounds; W. S. Baer inaugurated the method of treating osteomyelitis by this means (“Baer therapy”).

The first description of arthroscopic appearance of joints other than the knee, and a classic on the fundamental principles of the procedure. Follow-up paper by Burman, H. Finkelstein, & L. Mayer: Arthroscopy of the knee joint. J. Bone Jt. Surg., 1934, 16, 255-68.

Smith-Petersen nail, a three-flanged nail which prevented rotation of the femoral head. With E.F. Cave and G. W. Van Gorder.

Introduction of reserpine in the treatment of psychoses.

Isolation in pigs of influenzavirus A or influenza A virus. Full text available from PubMedCentral at this link.

Includes Veau’s operation for cleft palate.

A masterpiece of 20th century plastic surgery, and Joseph’s most comprehensive work. English translation by Stanley Milstein, following original text and illustrations page for page: Rhinoplasty and facial plastic surgery with a supplement on mammoplasty and other operations In the field of plastic surgery of the body: An atlas and textbook. Phoenix: Columnella Press, 1987.

First description.

Cutler was the first to employ ovarian hormone systematically in the treatment of chronic mastitis.

Guist’s operation for detachment of the retina (multiple trephining and chemical cauterization of the choroid).

Murine typhus shown to be caused by an organism later named Rickettsia mooseri, transmitted by fleas from rats to man. With A. Rumreich and L. F. Badger.

Ogata isolated the causal agent of tsutsugamushi disease, Orientia Tsutsugamushi,  in 1927.

Intraperitoneal protection test.

Proof that Aëdes albopictus is a vector of dengue. See also the earlier paper in the same journal, 1930, 41, 215-29. With J. H. St. John and F. H. K. Reynolds.

Friedman test for the diagnosis of pregnancy.

This consists mainly of a catalogue of 6,000 medals collected by Horatio Storer, an eminent Boston gynecologist. The collection is now in the Boston Medical Library at Harvard Medical School, and the very thick book, edited by M. Storer, includes some excellent reproductions, a select bibliography, and a short résumé of the subject.

This work covers the whole field of pediatrics to the end of the 18th century. It is a very readable, interesting and accurate history of the subject. Reprinted Folkstone, 1965. See No. 4503.

Weve of Utrecht first clearly demonstrated the heritable nature of the Marfan syndrome (see No. 4365.1).

Traces the evolution of medicine from the stage of superstition and magic to the present time, and shows how our knowledge of the subject has developed through the study of anatomy and physiology. Translated in English as Man and Medicine (New York, 1932).

This dictionary of medical eponyms gives references to the original publications involved and records wherever possible the first use of the eponym.

An authoritative source-book of the history of medicine in the United States. The first edition appeared in 1901. Dr. Packard edited the Annals of Medical History from its commencement in 1917 until its decease in 1942. Reprinted, New York, Hafner, 1963.

Digital facsimile from the Internet Archive at this link.

First detailed presentation of Wright’s quantitative theory of the effects of mutation, migration, selection, and population size on changes in gene frequencies in populations. Digital facsimile from Genetics.org at this link.

Garrod argued that chemical individuality could result in individuals having a predisposition to certain diseases. This view has become particularly significant in light of the establishment of recombinant DNA methods to identify inherited genetic defects. Reprint with epilogue by C.R. Scriver and B. Childs, and bibliography of Garrod’s writings, Oxford, Oxford University Press, 1989.

The first American book on sports medicine, co-authored by the legendary football coach, Knute Rockne.

Lysholm–Schönander skull table, allowing precise radiography of the skull.

Online version at Botanical.com at this link.

The first study to relate hair cell and neuron loss to the hearing of patients. It was the first to show that high frequency sound is "heard" at the base of the cochlea and low frequency sound at the apex. With S. J. Crowe, C. C. Bunch and L. M. Polvogt.

Describes cosmetic surgery for the face, nose and breasts.

Digital facsimile of the New York 1931 issue from the Hathi Trust at this link.

Contains almost no references to prior literature.

Digital edition from U.S. Army Medical Department Office of Medical History at this link.

"Reprinted with additions and corrections from Annals of medical history (n. s., vol. II, nos. 4, 5, 6, 1930, and vol. III, nos. 1, 2, 1931)."

Reprinted, with additions, from "The Storied Province of Quebec". Digital facsimile from the Hathi Trust at this link.

Cushing's most extensive contribution to pediatric neurosurgery concerned his operative experience with these tumors (often benign) that most frequently occur in childhood.

Posthumously published autobiography of one of the first transgender women, known prior to the sex change as the Danish painter Einar Wegener. Translated into English as Man into woman: An authentic record of a change of sex. By Lili Elbe. Edited by Niels Hoyer [i.e. E. Harthern]. Translated from the German by H.J. Stenning. Introduction by Norman Haire. London: Jarrold Publishers, 1933.

"In 2000, David Ebershoff wrote The Danish Girl, a fictionalised account of Elbe's life.^[35] It was an international bestseller and was translated into a dozen languages. In 2015, it was made into a film, also called The Danish Girl, produced by Gail Mutrux and Neil LaBute and starring Eddie Redmayne as Elbe. The film was well received at the Venice Film Festival in September 2015,^[36] although it has been criticised for its casting of an English cisgender man to play a Danish transgender woman.^[37] Both the novel and the film omitted topics including [Gerda] Gottlieb's sexuality, which is evidenced by the subjects in her erotic drawings,^[38] and the disintegration of Gottlieb and Elbe's relationship after their annulment^[39] "(Wikipedia article on Iili Elbe, accessed 1-2020).

Coburn demonstated that streptococcus is the infective agent in rheumatic fever that can lead to rheumatic heart disease.

With physicist Fritz Giesel, Walkhoff on December 28, 1895 Walkhoff did the first dental radiograph on his own teeth. Later, Walkhoff was "responsible for the shift to an everyday use of camphorated chlorophenol to sterilise the canals" (Xavier Riaud, "The first dental radiograph (1896)" http://medcraveonline.com/JDHODT/JDHODT-09-00325.pdf).

See also Walkhoff, "Gutachten über die Wirkung des Chlorphenol-Kampfer-Menthols," Zahnärztliche Rundschau, 39, (1930). 

"Chapter by Pierre Najac, “L’Institut de science sexuelle à Berlin”; includes numerous illustrations from the archives of Magnus Hirschfeld’s Institute for Sexual Science in Berlin, as well as Najac’s eyewitness description of the vaginoplasty surgery performed on Rudolf Z./Dorchen Richter, the second recipient of male-to-female gender confirmation surgery under the auspices of the institute" (Gerald Koskovich).

Halberlandt, professor of physiology at Innsbruck, invented the first hormonal contraceptive, Infecundin, using corpus luteum extracts from females rich in the hormone progesterone. His initial report on the contraceptive in this 28-page pamphlet may be translated as follows:
“I have been in contact for over 3 years with the therapeutic firm Gideon Richter in Budapest, and it is likely that in the near future a suitable ‘sterilizing preparation’ under the name ‘Infecundin’ will be available for systemic administration in clinical experiments as I had already announced in Vienna at the 4 th. Congress [Sept. 1930] of the World League for Sexual Reform”. He ended the pamphlet with this statement: "Theoretically, one of the greatest triumphs of mankind would be the elevation of procreation into a volunary and deliberate act."

Digital facsimile from muvs.org at this link.

(Thanks to Juan Weiss for this reference and its interpretation.)

This was the first patent granted for a life form. In response to complaints from the nursery industry that the future of the plant breeding industry was jeopardized by the “pirating” of new plant varieties, President Herbert Hoover signed The Plant Patent Act into law on 23 May 1930. Bosenberg's patent consists of a single black & white drawing of the rose plus one page of claims.

Digital facsimile from Google Patents at this link.

(Thanks to John F. Kuenzig for this reference.)

In 1930 Karrer established the correct formula for carotene (the chief precursor of vitamin A), the first demonstration of the chemical structure of a vitamin. Shortly thereafter, he was able to determine the formula of vitamin A, and in 1931, he showed that vitamin A is structurally related to the carotenoids.

In 1937 Karrer received half of the Nobel Prize in Chemistry "for his investigations on carotenoids, flavins and vitamins A and B2." The other half was awarded to Walter Norman Haworth "for his investigations on carbohydrates and vitamin C." 

A study of the relationship of Man to the other primates, from the physiological and biochemical standpoint. Zuckerman’s work is considered the first adequate interpretation of simian society. 2nd ed., 1980.

A discussion of the regulation of body fluids, hunger, thirst, temperature, oxygen supply, water, sugar, and proteins of the body, and the role of the sympathetic-adrenal mechanism.

Lumbar encephalography. In 1937 the authors published a monograph on the subject entitled The normal encephalogram. After Dyke's premature death in 1943 Davidoff collaborated with radiologist Bernard S. Epstein (1908-1978) on a follow-up monograph entitled The abnormal pneumoencephalogram (1950). Davidoff was the only Jewish resident that Harvey Cushing trained.

Written with R. B. Bourdillon, H. M. Bruce, R. K. Callow, J. St. L. Philpot, and T. A. Webster.

Introduction of glycine (glycocoll) in the treatment of myasthenia gravis.

Introduction of neostigmine in the treatment of myasthenia gravis.

Production of acetylcholine on stimulation of the chorda tympani nerve.

Second edition, 1939, with C. H. Danforth and E. A. Doisy.

Holger Nielsen (“arm-lift”) method of artificial respiration.

Location of the heat-regulating center in the hypothalamus.

“Clio medica” series.

A comprehensive history, particularly for homeopathy in Germany. Includes extensive bibliographies.

Jellinek specialized in the study of injuries and deaths caused by electricity, and their prevention.

Detection of the release of histamines into the circulation during anaphylactic reaction. Thereafter histamine was identified as Lewis’s “H-substance.”

Discovery of the carcinogenic properties of dibenzanthracene compounds. With I. Hieger, E. L. Kennaway, and W. V. Mayneord.

“Pancoast’s tumor.”

Shope papilloma virus (SPV), a benign infectious tumor due to a virus. This was the first mammalian tumor virus discovered. Full text from PubMedCentral at this link.

See also Shope, "Infectious Papillomatosis of Rabbits with a note on the histopathology". The Journal of Experimental Medicine, 58 (1933) 607–624, the full text of which is also available from PubMedCentral.

Eagle flocculation test.

Eve’s method of artificial respiration.

A collection of classic descriptions of disease by 179 different writers, from ancient times to the present. Foreign papers are translated into English. A second edition of this most interesting and useful book appeared in 1939, the principal additions being on the subjects of malaria and yellow fever, and a third edition was published in 1945.

Davidson’s classification of the anemias.

“Crohn’s disease” – regional ileitis. With L. Ginzburg and G. D. Oppenheimer.

"Some of Crohn's initial research into the causes of the Crohn's disease was centered around his personal convictionthat it was caused by the same pathogen, a bacterium called Mycobacterium paratuberculosis (MAP), responsible for the similar condition that afflicts cattle called Johne's disease. However, he was unable to isolate the pathogen—most likely because M. paratuberculosis sheds its cellular wall in humans and takes the form of a spheroplast, making it virtually undetectable under an optical microscope. This theory has resurfaced in recent years and has been lent more credence with the arrival of more sophisticated methods of identifying MAP bacteria" (Wikpedia article on Burill Crohn, accessed 1-2020).

"While the causes of Crohn's disease are unknown, it is believed to be due to a combination of environmental, immune, and bacterial factors in genetically susceptible individuals.^[6][7][8][2] It results in a chronic inflammatory disorder, in which the body's immune system attacks the gastrointestinal tract, possibly targeting microbial antigens.^[7][9] While Crohn's is an immune-related disease, it does not appear to be an autoimmune disease (in that the immune system is not being triggered by the body itself).^[10] The exact underlying immune problem is not clear; however, it may be an immunodeficiency state.^[9][11][12] About half of the overall risk is related to genetics with more than 70 genes having been found to be involved.^[1][13] Tobacco smokers are twice as likely to develop Crohn's disease as nonsmokers.^[3] It also often begins after gastroenteritis.^[1] Diagnosis is based on a number of findings including biopsy and appearance of the bowel wall, medical imaging and description of the disease.^[1] Other conditions that can present similarly include irritable bowel syndrome and Behçet's disease.^[1] "(Wikipedia article on Crohn's disease, accessed 1-2020).

Cushing advanced the theory that the hypothalamus is responsible for the development of peptic ulcer (see p. 175 et seq.). This work contains his four principal contributions to pituitary-hypothalamic interrelationships, including a reprint of his description of pituitary basphilism (No. 3904).

Introduction of the flexible gastroscope.

Wangensteen’s apparatus for relief of acute intestinal obstruction. See also his Intestinal Obstructions: Physiological, pathological and clinical considerations with emphasis on therapy, including description of operative procedures. Springfield, IL: Charles C Thomas, 1955.

Vaso-vagal syncope.

Introduction of chest leads.

Camera used for direct Roentgen-cinematography.

“Farmer’s lung”.

Introduction of the hilar tourniquet in pulmonary surgery.

Annals of the Pickett-Thomson Research Lab., Vol. 8.

Cold-pressor test.

Second edition, 1951. Joll was a pioneer in the treatment of thyrotoxicosis by means of subtotal thyroidectomy.

The cortical hormone prepared by Swingle and Pfiffner (“eschatin”) was found to be very effective in the treatment of Addison’s disease. Their first paper on the subject appeared in Science, 1930, 71, 321.

An extensive analytical tabulation of acromegaly; 1,319 cases are reported.

“Cushing’s syndrome”.

A classic paper which includes some history of the surgical treatment of facial palsy.

Cushing’s operating technique reduced the mortality rate dramatically in intracranial surgery. This was his last published report on the statistical results of his operations on brain tumors-- essentially a summation of his life work.

The first planned intracranial operation for aneurysm.

Phelps established the modern classification and approach to these injuries.

Studies from the Institute for Medical Research, F.M.S., No. 21. Stanton gave melioidosis its present name and, with Fletcher, wrote the authoritative work on the subject.

Skin test for the diagnosis of tularemia. Digital facsimile from Jstor at this link.

Foshay devised a serum for the treatment of tularemia.

The Paul–Bunnell test for the diagnosis of infectious mononucleosis.

Introduction of evipan (hexobarbitone).

Conclusive proof of the causal relationship of the psittacosis agent to the infection.

Keynes’s successes with radium in breast cancer established this method of conservative treatment. His first paper on the subject, with the same title, was published in St. Barth. Hosp. Rep., 1927, 60, 91-95.

Demonstration of the carcinogenic effect of ovarian hormone.

Intradermal test for trichinosis.

Castroviejo’s method of keratoplasty.

Intracapsular extraction of cataract by diathermy with the electro-diaphake. Preliminary report in Klin. Mbl. Augenheilk., 1932, 88, 778-83.

Safar’s method of treatment of retinal detachment.

With H. H. Anderson and  N. A. David.

These workers devised an immune serum for prophylactic inoculation against yellow fever. With S. F. Kitchen and W. D. M. Lloyd.

Yellow fever virus grown in tissue culture.

Reprinted, New York, Hafner, 1962.

A supplement to the Biographisches Lexikon compiled by A. Hirsch (No. 6716). Reprinted Munich, 1962. Covers the period 1880-1930.

Continued as Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society, vol. 1- 1955-  See http://www.historyofmedicine.com/id/11216

A series of biographies of the great men in medical history. English translation, New York, 1933, reprinted 1972; second (German) edition, 1954.

Introduction of atebrin (mepacrine, quinacrine).

The writers spent 15 years in the compilation of this work, the first important contribution to the history of Chinese medicine for Western readers. Beginning with demonology, plant lore and folk medicine, the writers deal with the subject from the earliest times to the present. They tell of the high standards attained by the Chinese in the 8th century b.c., of the effect of Confucianism upon the development of surgery, of the “doctrine of the pulse”, of Chinese pharmacy and acupuncture, and of the establishment of Western medicine in present day China. Second edition, Shanghai, National Quarantine Service, 1936, reprinted, New York, AMS Press, 1973.

Clio Medica series.

Folk medicine of the Sami people.

Haldane’s summary of his mathematical theory of natural selection. The detailed mathematical theory appeared as Mathematical theory of natural and artificial selection, first published (Pt. I) in Trans. Camb. philos. Soc.,1924, 23, 19-41, and (Pts. II-IX) in Proc. Camb. philos. Soc., vol. 1, 23, 26, 27, 28. Pt. X appeared in Genetics, 1934, 19, 412-29.

Electron microscope. See also their later paper in Z. Physik. 1932, 78, 318.

A classic history of microscopes up to 1800. 

Astbury, a student of William Lawrence Bragg, was the first to study proteins by X-ray analysis. He applied X-ray analysis to the structure of hair, wool, and related fibers, of which the protein keratin is the principal component, and identified two states: α-keratin and β-keratin. With A. Street. For further information see the entry at HistoryofInformation.com at this link. Astbury's paper is available from jstor at this link.

Digital facsimile from the Internet Archive at this link.

Vol. 1 primarlily by Sutcliffe; vol.3 by Mitchell. The 3 volumes describe more than 1000 items; every entry is annotated. The first volume is extensively illustrated.

Digital facsimile from the Internet Archive at this link.

See Gore, "A forgotten landmark medical study from 2932 by the Committee on the Cost of Medical Care," Proc (Bayl Univ Med Cent). 2013 Apr; 26 (2): 142–143. Available from PubMedCentral at this link. See also, Ross, "The Committee on the Costs of Medical Care and the history of health insurance in the United States," Einstein Quart. J. Biol. Med. 19 (2002) 129-134. In December 2016 this was available at this link.

Digital facsimile from nwic.edu at this link.

Digital facsimile from the Internet Archive at this link.

In this paper Fleming first described the use of penicillin as an antibacterial agent in man, and reported on experiments using it as a wound dressing for septic wounds. He also corrected the species name from Penicillium rubrum (1929) to Penicillium notatum.

(Thanks to Juan Weiss for this reference and its interpretation.)

Based upon an examination of the Album of Students at Leiden from 1575 to 1875.

Digital facsimile from the Internet Archive at this link.

"Duguet also served as inspector general of health services of Lebanon and Syria under the French Mandate and was responsible for the medical supervision of the pilgrimage to Mecca. The first part of the book gives some historical background to the Hajj, and its roots in the Qur’an. Duguet describes the obligations, restrictions, and propaganda associated with it, the countries of origin of the pilgrims, social classes, gender, means of transportation, their religious ceremonies, the visit to Medina, and the Hajj of Shiites from Mesopotamia (present-day Iraq, Syria, and Kuwait). Part two concentrates on the public health and sanitary problems of the Hajj, the international focus on Muslim pilgrims after the cholera epidemic of 1865 and the 1866 international sanitary conference in Constantinople and subsequent conferences, as the building of railroads and the new Suez Canal accelerated the spread of infectious diseases. Duguet looks at specific pilgrimage years, the last years of Ottoman Turkish administration of the holy sites, and the fall of Sharif Hussein in 1924. Part three considers the Saudi conquest of Hejaz, the roles of Ibn Saud and the Wahhabis, pilgrimage during 1925‒30, and the incidence of cholera affecting the Hajj. The work includes details of daily fatalities in different years, particularly during what Duguet describes as the pèlerinage de l’épouvante (pilgrimage of horror), the cholera outbreak in 1893. The pilgrimage in the late 19th and early 20th centuries took a huge toll on human lives. When disease struck, the loss of life could reach 40 percent of all pilgrims. In 1891, out of 46,000 pilgrims, 21,000 never returned home. Appendices include descriptions of the actions taken to protect pilgrims by the International Quarantine Board of Egypt in implementing the International Sanitary Convention of 1926, and the Beirut and Paris conferences on this subject of January 1929 and October 1930. The book is illustrated with photographs of the pilgrims and their caravans and has maps of the routes most used to reach Mecca" (https://www.wdl.org/en/item/17257/). Digital facsimile from the World Digital Library or from loc.gov at this link.

In 1922 Bohr was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics "for his services in the investigation of the structure of atoms and of the radiation emanating from them." Including Bohr's 1932 address, Light and life, in the Nobel Prize category in this bibliography stretches our definition, since we aim to cite the key paper or papers for which the prize was awarded. However, in this instance, the impact of this paper on the later development of Molecular Biology was so significant that I decided to include it.

This pamphlet predates both the lecture's publication in Danish in Naturens Verden and the English translation published in Nature, both of which were published in 1933. A German translation appeared in Naturwissenschaften in the same year. Niels Bohr's lecture marks his first detailed attempt to apply concepts arising from quantum mechanics (particularly complementarity) to areas outside physics. "Here, for the first time, Bohr raised a question that was to preoccupy him, off and on, until his death: Would it ever be possible to push the analysis of living processes to the limit where they can be described in terms of pure physics and chemistry?" (Pais, p. 441). Bohr's lecture can be looked upon as one of the foundation stones of molecular biology in that it inspired the young physicist Max Delbrück— who was in the audience when Bohr delivered it— to switch from physics to biology "to find out whether indeed there was anything to this point of view" (quoted in Pais, p. 442). In 1935, two years after hearing Bohr's lecture, Delbrück and two other scientists published a paper on genetic mutations caused by x-ray irradiation, in which they concluded that the gene must be a molecule. The ideas expressed in this paper inspired Schrödinger to write his famous What is Life?, a work which in turn motivated Watson, Crick, Wilkins and other scientists to devote their careers to unraveling "the secret of the gene." Delbrück himself became a leader of what was known as the "phage group" of bacterial geneticists; in 1969, he received a share of the Nobel Prize for physiology / medicine for describing the means by which living cells are infected with viruses. "It is fair to say that with Max [Delbrück], Bohr found his most influential philosophical disciple outside the domain of physics, in that through Max, Bohr provided one of the intellectual fountainheads for the development of 20th century biology" (quoted in Pais, p. 442). Pais, Niels Bohr's Times, pp. 411; 441-42. Judson, The Eighth Day of Creation, pp. 32-35.

When I wrote this entry in March 2020 the text of Bohr's Light and life appeared to be most readily available online in the digital facsimile of his Atomic physics and human knowledge (1958) available from the Internet Archive at this link.

Hartman added sodium lactate to the standard Ringer's solution to form Ringer's lactate solution, also known as Hartmann's solution.

This manuscript collection was acquired by the Wellcome Trustees in 1984, and is now in the Wellcome Library. It included a number of Byzantine medical manuscripts.

Das Gupta and his supervisor Robert Knowles first described Plasmodium knowlesi as a distinct species, and as a potential cause of human malaria in 1932 when they described the morphology of the parasite in macaque blood, and demonstrated that it could infect three human patients (in each case it was used to induce fever with the hope of treating another infection).Also in 1932, John Sinton and H. W. Mulligan further described the morphology of the parasite in blood cells, determined it to be a distinct species, and named it Plasmodium knowlesi in honor of Robert Knowles. [3] 
In the mid-20th century, P. knowlesi became a popular tool for studying Plasmodium biology, and was used for basic research, vaccine research, and drug development. It is still used as a laboratory model for malaria, as it readily infects the model primate the rhesus macaque, and can be grown in cell culture in human or macaque blood....
Digital facsimile from PubMedCentral at this link.

A very good advice book for its time by a physician. Initially published by a small publisher, this book was rapidly reprinted, many times by W.W. Norton. The cover reprinted an endorsement by Havelock Ellis: "An admirably sound and temperate presentation of the sexual problems of marriage, plain-spoken but always in the right tone, and my opinion suitable for the widest use."

Ahumada-Del Castillo syndrome: galactorrhoea-amenorrhoea not associated with pregnancy; oestrogen deficiency and decreased urinary gonadotropin levels.

The authors described and named this syndrome/illness of newborns for the first time, including pathological findings, clinical data, lab abnormalities, presentation and course of illness.

Order of authorship in the original publication: Diamond, Blackfan, Baty.

(Thanks to Juan Weiss for this reference and its interpretation.)

Apparently the first book on the prevention and treatment of injuries in a single sport, written after fifty players were killed in the 1931 American football season. Stevens was an orthopedic surgeon who became head football coach at Yale University. Phelps was professor of orthopedics at Yale.

Isolation of carbonic anhydrase.