1949 EVANS, Herbert McLean (1882 – 1971); LI, Choh Hao (1913 – 1987); SIMPSON, Miriam Elizabeth (1894 – 1991)
Isolation of pituitary follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH).
By Choh Hao Li and colleagues.
GMN 1175.2 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/1588
1949 PATON, Sir William Drummond Macdonald (1917 – 1993); ZAIMIS, Eleanor (1915 – 1982)
The pharmacological actions of polymethylene bistrimethyl-ammonium salts.
Introduction of hexamethonium bromide.
GMN 5727 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/6468
1949 BOVET, Daniel (1907 – 1992); BOVET-NITTI, Filomena (1909 – 1994); ET AL
Proprietà farmacodinamiche di alcuni derivati della succinilcolina dotati di azione curarica. Esteri di trialchiletanolammonio di acidi bicarbossilici alifatici.
Introduction of succinylcholine chloride. With S. Guarino, V. G. Longo, and M. Marotta.
GMN 5728 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/6471
1949 CUTTINO, John Tindal (1912 – 1988); MCCABE, Anne M.
Pure granulomatous nocardiosis: a new fungus disease distinguished by intracellular parasitism. A description of a new disease in man due to a hitherto undescribed organism, Nocardia intracellularis, n.sp., including a study of the biological and pathogenic properties of this species.
Nocardiosis described.
GMN 5515 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/6522
1949 WALKER, Helen Edith
The Negro in the medical profession.
Publications of the University of Virginia, Phelps-Stokes fellowship papers, no. 18.
GMN 8084 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/10260
1950 SMITH, Audrey Ursula (1915 – 1981)
Prevention of haemolysis during freezing and thawing red blood-cells.
Demonstration that human blood diluted with equal volumes of 30% glycerol in Ringer’s lactate solution could be frozen at -79° C and thawed after eight weeks without damage.
GMN 2028.1 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/2061
1950 BRAZIER, Mary Agnes Burniston Brown (1904 – 1995)
Bibliography of electroencephalography, 1875-1948. Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology, Suppl. No. 1
Covers both normal and disease states. Suppl. No. 23 (1964), ed. M. Fink, covers the period 1951-62.
GMN 5016 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/6603
1950 MCCLINTOCK, Barbara (1902 – 1992)
The origin and behavior of mutable loci in maize.
"In the summer of 1944 at Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, McClintock systematic studies on the mechanisms of the mosaic color patterns of maize seed and the unstable inheritance of this mosaicism.[44] She identified tw…
GMN 12063 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/14272
1951 HAZEN, Elizabeth Lee (1885 – 1975); BROWN, Rachel Fuller (1898 – 1980)
Fungicidin, an antibiotic produced by a soil actinomycete.
Isolation of nystatin (fungicidin).
GMN 1945.4 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/2811
1951 ANDERSON, Fannie
Doctors under three flags.
Covers the history of medicine in Detroit and Michigan between 1701 and 1837 when Michigan became a state. Digital facsimile from the Hathi Trust at this link.
GMN 10293 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/12484
1951 MORRISSEY, Alice B.; RUSK, Howard A. (1901 – 1989)
Rehabilitation nursing. Foreward by Howard A. Rusk.
The first book on rehabilitation nursing, including a historical survey of rehabilitation and a study of the incidence of disability in the U.S. Morrissey conducted her research in association with the Institute of Ph…
GMN 14367 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/16699
1952 MOLDENKE, Harold Norman (1909 – 1996); MOLDENKE, Alma Lance Ericson (1908 – 1997)
Plants of the Bible.
The most comprehensive treatise available on plants and plant products mentioned in the Bible.
GMN 2068 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/2362
1952 BIGGS, Rosemary Peyton (1921 – 2001); ET AL
Christmas disease, a condition previously mistaken for haemophilia.
Christmas disease, hemophilia B, due to lack of Factor IX. Named after the patient whose case was the first recorded example. With six co-authors.
GMN 3108.1 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/3824
1952 ELION, Gertrude Belle (1918 – 1999); HITCHINGS, George Herbert (1905 – 1998); BURGI, E.; ET AL
Studies on condensed pyrimidine system. IX. The synthesis of some 6-substituted purines.
Synthesis of 6-mercaptopurine. In 1988 Gertrude Elion shared the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine with George Hitchings and Sir James Black “for their discoveries of important principles for drug treatment.”
GMN 3108.2 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/3825
1952 HERSHEY, Alfred Day (1908 – 1997); CHASE, Martha Cowles (1927 – 2003)
Independent functions of viral protein and nucleic acid in growth of bacteriophage.
DNA shown to be the carrier of genetic information in virus reproduction. In 1969 Hershey shared the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine with S. E. Luria and M. Delbrück for "for their discoveries concerning the rep…
GMN 256 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/8697
1952 –1959 SOWERBY, Emily Millicent (1883 – 1977); JEFFERSON, Thomas (1743 – 1826)
Catalogue of the library of Thomas Jefferson. Compiled with annotations by E. Millicent Sowerby. 5 vols.
This fully annotated catalogue of nearly 5000 items from the library of the U.S. President, while unillustrated, is perhaps the finest and most detailed annotated bibliographical catalogue of the library of any scient…
GMN 11439 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/13638
1952 HALLPIKE, Charles Skinner (1900 – 1979); DIX, Margaret Ruth (1902 – 1991)
The pathology, symptomatology and diagnosis of certain common disorders of the vestibular system.
Dix–Hallpike test or Nylen–Barany test, a diagnostic maneuver used to identify benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV). Digital facsimile from PubMedCentral at this link.
GMN 12209 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/14419
1953 MURRAY, Margaret Ransome (1901 – ); KOPECH, Gertrude (1915 – )
A bibliography of the research in tissue culture 1884-1950. An index to the literature of the living cell cultivated in vitro.
GMN 567.1 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/311
1953 GROSS, Jack (1921 – 1994); PITT-RIVERS, Rosalind Venetia Lane Fox (1907 – 1990)
3:5:3'-Triiodothyronine. I. Isolation from thyroid gland and synthesis.
Discovery of the second thyroid hormone, triiodothyronine. Digital facsimile from PubMedCentral at this link.
GMN 1138.1 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/1350
1953 BARR, Murray Llewellyn (1908 – 1995); MOORE, Keith Leon (1925 – ); GRAHAM, Margaret A.
The detection of chromosomal sex in hermaphrodites from a skin biopsy.
Sex chromatin demonstrated in humans.
GMN 256.2 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/8699
1953 FRANKLIN, Rosalind Elsie (1920 – 1958); GOSLING, Raymond (1926 – 2015)
Molecular configuration in sodium thymonucleate.
This paper reports Franklin's discovery of the existence of DNA in 2 forms, and conditions for readily and rapidly changing from one to the other. Its phosphates were on the outside.” (Maddox 195) The Watson-Crick mod…
GMN 6847 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/9011
1953 FULTON, John Farquhar (1899 – 1960); SERVETUS, Michael [Miguel Serveto Conesa; also known as Miguel Servet, Miguel Serveto, Revés, or Michel de Villeneuve] (1511 – 1553); STANTON, Madeline Earle (1898 – 1980)
Michael Servetus, humanist and martyr. With a bibliography of his works
GMN 11200 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/13397
1953 HOLMES, Oliver Wendell Sr. (1809 – 1894); CURRIER, Thomas Franklin (1873 – 1946); TILTON, Eleanor Marguerite (1913 – 1991)
A bibliography of Oliver Wendell Holmes
GMN 11203 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/13400
1953 LAMBERTSEN, Eleanor C. (1916 – 1998)
Nursing team organization and functioning.
Lambertsen developed "team nursing," a system of integrated care distributing the care of a patient among a team working together. In team nursing the registered nurse (RN) functions as a team leader, and coordinates …
GMN 14369 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/16701
1955 GRUNBERG-MANAGO, Marianne (1921 – 2013); OCHOA DE ALBORNOZ, Severo (1905 – 1993); ORTIZ, Priscilla J.
Enzymatic synthesis of nucleic acidlike polynucleotides.
Ochoa shared the Nobel Prize with Arthur Kornberg in 1959 for their artificial synthesis of nucleic acids by means of enzymes. Order of authorship in the original publication: Ochoa, Grunberg-Manago, Ortiz. See also O…
GMN 752.3 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/1738
1955 HENLE, Gertrude Szpingier (1912 – 2006); DEINHARDT, Friedrich W. (1926 – 1992)
Propagation and primary isolation of mumps virus in tissue culture.
GMN 5546.3 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/6771
1955 HODGKIN, Dorothy Crowfoot (1910 – 1994)
The crystal structure of the hexacarboxylic acid derived from B12 and the molecular structure of the vitamin.
The final structure of vitamin B12. With J. Pickworth, J.H. Robertson, K.N. Trueblood, R.J. Prosen, J. G. White. In 1964 Hodgkin was awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry "for her determinations by X-ray techniques of …
GMN 6928 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/9093
1955 THOMSON, Margaret H.
Textes Grecs inédits relatifs aux plantes.
Previously unpublished ancient Greek textes on botany, with French translations.
GMN 8873 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/11051
1955 SHERLOCK, Sheila Patricia Violet Dame (1918 – 2001)
Diseases of the liver and biliary system.
13th edition, 2018. "In 1959 she [Sherlock] became the United Kingdom's first ever female Professor of Medicine when she was appointed at the Royal Free Hospital School of Medicine in London. She founded the liver uni…
GMN 10994 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/13190
1956 GRIFFITHS, Margaret Isabel (1902 – 1996); GAISFORD, Wilfrid Fletcher (1902 – 1988)
Freeze-dried B.C.G. vaccination of newborn infants with a British vaccine.
Freeze-dried B.C.G. vaccine.
GMN 2353.1 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/3142
1956 SMITH, Margaret Gladys (1896 – 1970)
Propagation in tissue culture of a cytopathogenic virus from human salivary gland virus (SGV) disease.
Isolation of cytomegalovirus
GMN 2527.2 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/3473
1956 STEWART, Alice Mary (1906 – 2002); ET AL
Preliminary communication: Malignant disease in childhood and diagnostic irradiation in-utero.
Stewart was one of the earliest to study the effect of prenatal X-rays, later replaced by ultrasound. She found that the children of mothers who received these X-rays were almost twice as likely to develop leukemia or…
GMN 7782 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/9954
1957 PAYNE, Rose Marise (1909 – )
Leukocyte agglutinins in human sera. Correlations between blood transfusions and their development.
Leucocyte typing.
GMN 2578.23 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/4239
1957 LOVEJOY, Esther Pohl (1869 – 1967)
Women doctors of the world.
GMN 6650.2 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/7790
1957 PACKARD, Francis Randolph (1870 – 1950); GREIM, Florence M.
Some account of the Pennsylvania Hospital from its first rise to the beginning of the year 1938. by Francis R. Packard. Second printing with a continuation of the account to the year 1956.
GMN 8736 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/10914
1958 –1961 FULTON, John Farquhar (1899 – 1960); QUINBY, Jane (1901 – 1965); STEVENSON, Allan Henry (1903 – 1970); HUNT, Rachel McMasters Miller (1884 – 1963)
Catalogue of botanical books in the collection of Rachel McMasters Hunt. 2 vols. in 3.
Ostensibly the catalogue of Rachel McMasters Hunt's private collection, which she donated to the Hunt Institute for Botanical Documentation at Carnegie Mellon University, this is much more than a finely printed, luxur…
GMN 8744 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/10922
1958 MCCLINTOCK, Barbara (1902 – 1992)
The suppressor-mutator system of control of gene action in maize.
In this paper McClintock described a novel mobile genetic element that she called Suppressor-Mutator (Spm), and its complex regulation. She discovered that Spm could switch back and forth between an “inactive” form an…
GMN 13560 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/15837
1959 GOTTSCHALK, Carl William (1922 – 1997); MYLLE, Margaret
Micropuncture study of the mammalian urinary concentrating mechanism: Evidence for the countercurrent hypothesis.
Proof that tubular fluid is first concentrated in the loop of Henle, then diluted in the ascending limb of the loop before its final concentration in the collecting ducts, as predicted by the countercurrent hypothesis.
GMN 1246.2 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/2060
1959 PAVEY, Agnes Elizabeth (1889 – )
The story of the growth of nursing as an art, a vocation, and a profession. Fifth edition.
GMN 6637 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/7735
1960 VOGT, Marguerite (1913 – 2007); DULBECCO, Renato (1914 – 2012)
Virus-cell interaction with a tumour-producing virus.
Polyomavirus (papovavirus) shown to be capable of transforming cells in culture. Full text from PubMedCentral at this link.
GMN 2660.13 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/3399
1960 YALOW, Rosalyn Sussman (1921 – 2011); BERSON, Solomon Aaron (1918 – 1972)
Immunosassay of endogenous plasma insulin in man.
First radioimmunoassay of a hormone, a test capable of estimating nonogram or even picogram quantities. In 1977 Yalow received half of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine "for the development of radioimmunoassay…
GMN 2578.28 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/4257
1960 BRAUNWALD, Nina Starr (1928 – 1992); COOPER, Theodore (1929 – 1993); MORROW, Andrew G. (1922 – 1982)
Complete replacement of the mitral valve. Successful clinical application of a flexible polyurethane prosthesis.
Braunwald was the first woman to perform open heart surgery. She was the first woman surgeon certified by the American Board of Thoracic Surgery, and the first woman elected to the American Association for Thoracic Su…
GMN 12221 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/14433
1961 LYON, Mary Frances (1925 – 2014)
Gene action in the X-chromosome of the mouse (Mus musculus L).
Theory of differential inactivation of the X-chromosome. See also Amer. J. hum. Genet., 1962, 14, 135-48.
GMN 256.7 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/8704
1961 CRICK, Francis Harry Compton (1916 – 2004); BRENNER, Sydney (1927 – 2019); BARNETT, Leslie Margaret Collard (1920 – 2002); WATTS-TOBIN, Richard J.
General nature of the genetic code for proteins.
The codons in DNA specifying amino acids in proteins.
GMN 256.8 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/8705
1961 SOMERS, Herman Miles (1911 – 1991); SOMERS, Anne
Doctors, patients, and health insurance: The organization and financing of medical care.
GMN 8764 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/10942
1961 FARQUHAR, Marilyn Gist (1928 – ); WISSIG, Steven L.; PALADE, George Emil (1912 – 2008)
Glomerular permeability. I. Ferritin transfer across the normal glomerular capillary wall.
"The authors used ferritin as an electron dense tracer, such that they could visualize both the structure of the capillary wall and the pathways taken by the ferritin moelcules across the wall....This report confirmed…
GMN 10005 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/12194
1961 STAUPERS, Mabel Keaton
No time for prejudice: A story of the integration of negroes in nursing in the United States.
Primarily a history of the National Association of Colored Graduate Nurses [NACGN], which existed for the express purpose of "promoting unity within the nursing profession and furthering the cause of democracy." Integ…
GMN 12015 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/14223
1962 CARSON, Rachel Louise (1907 – 1964)
Silent spring.
This very carefully documented book convincingly proved the disastrous effects of DDT in the environment, and generated a storm of controversy. It was later credited with founding the "environmental movement" in the U…
GMN 7841 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/10013
1962 MCLEAN, Donald M.; MCQUEEN, Joan; PETITIE, H. Elizabeth; ET AL
Powassan virus: Field investigations in Northern Ontario, 1959-1961.
The authors isolated a virus from the brain of a child who died of encephalitis in Powassan, Ontario, and named it the Powassan virus. They posited a tick vector and possible rodent natural hosts. (Thanks to Juan Weis…
GMN 10920 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/13116
1963 GUTHRIE, Robert (1916 – 1995); SUSI, Ada J. (1918 – 2002)
A simple phenylalanine method for detecting phenylketonuria in large populations of newborn infants.
Bacterial inhibition test for phenylketonuria.
GMN 3924.4 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/5084
