1565 KENTMANN, Johannes (1518 – 1574)

Calculorum qui in corpore ac membris hominum innascuntur, genera XII. depicta descriptaque, cum historiis singulorum admirandis.

The first treatise to specifically on urinary calculi and gallstones, with each of the 12 chapters exploring a part of the human body where such stones are found (gall bladder, kidneys, bladder, etc.). Additionally, t…

GMN 11489 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/13688

1654 GLISSON, Francis (1597 – 1677)

Anatomia hepatis.

First accurate description of the capsule of the liver (Glisson’s capsule) and its blood-supply. He also described the sphincter of the bile duct (“Glisson’s sphincter”, the sphincter of Oddi). This is the first book …

GMN 972 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/563

1685 BROWNE, John (1642 – 1702)

A remarkable account of a liver, appearing glandulous to the eye.

First description of cirrhosis of the liver.

GMN 3613 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/4538

1819 LAENNEC, René Théophile Hyacinthe (1781 – 1826)

De l’auscultation médiate, ou traité du diagnostic des maladies des poumons et du coeur. 2 vols.

This book revolutionized the study of diseases of the chest. Auscultation in the instrumental sense dates from Laennec’s invention of the stethoscope (at first merely a roll of stiff paper) with a view to amplifying t…

GMN 2673 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/3518

1832 BRIGHT, Richard (1789 – 1858)

Cases and observations connected with disease of the pancreas and duodenum.

GMN 3615 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/4546

1833 STANLEY, Edward (1793 – 1862)

Abscess of the liver, with hydatids. – Operation.

Diagnostic liver puncture.

GMN 3616 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/4548

1836 BRIGHT, Richard (1789 – 1858)

Observations on jaundice.

Original description of acute yellow atrophy of the liver.

GMN 3617 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/4551

1842 –1846 ROKITANSKY, Carl Freiherr von (1804 – 1878)

Handbuch der pathologischen Anatomie. 3 vols.

Rokitansky ranks with Morgagni as among the greatest of all writers on gross pathology. He is said to have performed over 30,000 autopsies himself. His Handbuch was for many years pre-eminent among its contemporaries.…

GMN 2293 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/2924

1845 BUDD, George (1808 – 1882)

On diseases of the liver.

Budd was Professor of Medicine at King’s College, London. Section III of the above book includes a description of that form of cirrhosis to which the name “Budd’s disease” has been applied. In the second edition, 1852…

GMN 3619 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/4559

1848 BERNARD, Claude (1813 – 1878)

De l’origine du sucre dans l’économie animale.

Bernard’s first communication regarding his investigation of the glycogenic function of the liver. Reprinted, with translation, in Med. Classics, 1939, 3, 552-80.

GMN 995 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/735

1849 BERNARD, Claude (1813 – 1878)

Du sue pancréatique et de son rôle dans les phénomenès de la digestion.

Discovery of the digestive action of the pancreatic juice, especially its role in the digestion and absorption of fats. Reprinted, with translation, in Med. Classics, 1939, 3, 581-617.

GMN 996 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/740

1855 –1856 BERNARD, Claude (1813 – 1878)

Leçons de physiologie expérimentale appliquée à la médecine. 2 vols.

Claude Bernard made strenuous efforts to introduce experimental methods into physiology. The above includes his classic work on the function of the liver, pancreas, and gastric glands. Vol. 1, p. 126: Catheterization …

GMN 615 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/493

1855 BERNARD, Claude (1813 – 1878)

Sur le mécanisme de la formation du sucre dans le foie.

The culmination of Bernard’s work on the glycogenic function of the liver. He invented the term “internal secretion” and can be said to have started the scientific investigation of the internal secretions, although fo…

GMN 1000 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/763

1856 BERNARD, Claude (1813 – 1878)

Mémoire sur le pancréas et sur le rôle du sue pancréatique dans les phénomènes digestifs.

The most beautifully illustrated of all Bernard’s writings, which summed up the results of his work on the role of the pancreas in digestion. English translation as Memoir on the pancreas, and on the role of pancreati…

GMN 1000.1 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/764

1856 JIMÉNEZ, Miguel Francisco (1813 – 1876)

Clinica médica. Abcesos del higado.

Jimenez gave a classic account of liver abscess in amoebiasis.

GMN 5183.2 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/6317

1856 ARETAEUS OF CAPPADOCIA, (Ἀρεταῖος Καππάδοκος) (80 – 140); ADAMS, Francis (1796 – 1861)

Тα ∑ωζομενα. The extant works of Aretaeus, the Cappadocian. Edited and translated by Francis Adams.

Aretaeus left many fine descriptions of disease; in fact Garrison ranks him second only to Hippocrates in this respect. In the printed editions of this bibliography, before the present online version, the Adams editio…

GMN 22 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/8934

1857 –1863 CORVISART, François Remy Lucien (1824 – 1882)

Sur une fonction peu connue du pancréas. La digestion des aliments azotés. 10 pts.

Corvisart showed that pancreatic proteolysis takes place at body temperature, in acid, alkaline, or neutral media.

GMN 1001 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/772

1858 BERNARD, Claude (1813 – 1878)

Nouvelles recherches expérimentales sur les phénomènes glycogéniques du foie.

Isolation of glycogen. See also C. R. Acad. Sci. (Paris), 1857, 44, 578-86, 1325-31.

GMN 999.1 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/759

1858 –1861 FRERICHS, Friedrich Theodor von (1819 – 1885)

Klinik der Leberkrankheiten. 2 vols. and atlas.

Frerichs’s classic monograph on diseases of the liver summarized the existing knowledge and included his own important work on the subject. He discovered leucine and tyrosine in the liver in acute yellow atrophy (Dtsc…

GMN 3620 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/4561

1859 SAPPEY, Marie Philibert Constant (1810 – 1896)

Mémoire sur un point d’anatomie pathologique relatif à l’histoire de la cirrhose.

“Sappey’s veins” in the falciform ligament of the liver.

GMN 1002 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/778

1862 DANILEVSKY, Aleksandr Yakolevich (1838 – 1923)

Ueber specifisch wirkende Körper des natürlichen und künstlichen pancreatischen Saftes.

Discovery of trypsin.

GMN 1004 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/800

1862 FLINT (YOUNGER), Austin (1836 – 1915)

Experimental researches into a new excretory function of the liver, consisting in the removal of cholesterine from the blood and its discharge from the body in the form of stercorine.

Discovery, in the feces, of “stercorine” (coprosterol).

GMN 1005 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/805

1868 BOBBS, John Stough (1809 – 1870)

Case of lithotomy of the gall-bladder.

First cholecystotomy for the removal of gallstones.

GMN 3621 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/4563

1868 MURCHISON, Charles (1830 – 1879)

Clinical lectures on diseases of the liver.

GMN 3622 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/4566

1869 LANGERHANS, Paul (1847 – 1888)

Beiträge zur mikroskopischen Anatomie der Bauchspeicheldrüse. Inaugural-Dissertation.

First account of the islets of Langerhans. In 1893 Édouard Laguesse attached the name of Langerhans to the structures. Langerhans did not suggest any function for them. The book was reprinted with an English translati…

GMN 1009 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/821

1874 HAYEM, Georges (1841 – 1933)

Contribution à l’étude de l’hépatite interstitielle chronique avec hypertrophie (sclérose ou cirrhose hypertrophique du foie).

Classic description of chronic interstitial hepatitis.

GMN 3623 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/4568

1875 MCCONNELL, James Frederick Parry (1848 – 1896)

Remarks on the anatomy and pathological relations of a new species of liver fluke.

First complete description of Chlonorchis sinensis.

GMN 5344.9 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/6786

1876 KUPFFER, Karl Wilhelm von (1829 – 1902)

Ueber Stemzellen der Leber.

“Kupffer cells” – macrophage stellate cells in the lining of the blood channels in the liver. Confocal microscopy picture showing the steady-state location and interactions between Kupffer cells (Red), hepatic stellat…

GMN 552 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/220

1876 HANOT, Victor Charles (1844 – 1896)

Étude sur une forme de cirrhose hypertrophique du foie (cirrhose hypertrophique avec ictère chronique).

“Hanot’s disease”. First description of hypertrophic cirrhosis of the liver with icterus. Thesis publication, 1875; published in book form, Paris, 1876. Digital facsimile of the book form edition from the Internet Arc…

GMN 3624 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/4571

1877 ECK, Nikolai Vladimirovich (1848 – 1908)

K voprosu o perevyazkie vorotnoi veni. Predvaritelnoye soobshtshenize. [On the ligature of the portal vein.]

Eck developed the “Eck fistula” for the experimental study of diseases of the liver and the relation of the liver to metabolism. English translation in Surg. Gynec. Obstet., 1953, 96, 375.

GMN 630 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/586

1878 SIMS, James Marion (1813 – 1883)

Remarks on cholecystotomy in dropsy of the gall-bladder.

Sims’ operation of cholecystotomy.

GMN 3625 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/4573

1882 BALSER, W.

Ueber Fettnekrose, eine zuweilen tödliche Krankheit des Menschen.

First description of pancreatic necrosis, “Balser’s fat necrosis”.

GMN 3626 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/4576

1882 LANGENBUCH, Carl Johann August (1846 – 1901)

Ein Fall von Exstirpation der Gallenblase wegen chronischer Cholelithiasis; Heilung.

First successful removal of the gallbladder.

GMN 3627 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/4579

1884 ARNOZAN, Charles Louis Xavier (1852 – 1928); VAILLARD, Louis (1850 – 1935)

Contribution à l’étude du pancreas du lapin. Lésions provoquées par la ligature du canal de Wirsung.

Arnozan and Vaillard showed that blockage of the pancreatic ducts caused atrophy of the pancreas but not diabetes.

GMN 3946 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/5192

1886 SENN, Nicholas (1844 – 1908)

The surgery of the pancreas, as based upon experiments and clinical researches.

In this review of the world literature and a report of animal experimentation, Senn concluded that complete extirpation of the pancreas was invariably followed by death, but that partial excision was feasible and just…

GMN 3629 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/4584

1888 BARD, Louis (1857 – 1930); PIC, Adrien (1862 – )

Contribution à l’étude clinique et anatomo-pathologique du cancer primitif du pancréas.

“Bard-Pic syndrome” first described.

GMN 3630 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/4587

1888 RIEDEL, Bernhard Moritz Carl Ludwig (1846 – 1916)

Ueber den zungenförmigen Fortsatz des rechten Leberlappens und seine pathognostiche Bedeutung für die Erkrankung der Gallenblase nebst Bemerkungen über Gallensteinoperationen.

“Riedel’s lobe”, a form of constriction lobe of the liver.

GMN 3631 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/4614

1889 FITZ, Reginald Heber (1843 – 1913)

Acute pancreatitis; a consideration of pancreatic hemorrhage, hemorrhagic suppurative, and gangrenous pancreatitis, and of disseminated fat necrosis.

Fitz described three forms of acute pancreatitis, and made the earliest suggestion that disseminated fat necrosis is the result of a pathologic process in the pancreas.

GMN 3632 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/4617

1891 STADELMANN, Ernst (1853 – 1941)

Der Icterus und seine verschiedenen Formen.

GMN 3633 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/4621

1892 NAUNYN, Bernhard (1839 – 1925)

Klinik der Cholelithiasis.

Naunyn produced a classic monograph on gall-stones, devising an accurate chemical classification. He was one of Frerichs’s best pupils and became Professor of Clinical Medicine successively at Dorpat, Berne, Königsber…

GMN 3634 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/4631

1895 LUCATELLO, Luigi (1863 – 1926)

Sulla puntura del fegato a scopo diagnostico.

Liver puncture biopsy.

GMN 3635 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/4632

1896 PICK, Friedel (1867 – 1926)

Ueber chronische unter dem Bilde der Leberzirrhose verlaufende Perikarditis (perikarditische Pseudoleberzirrhose) nebst Bemerkungen über die Zuckergussleber.

“Pick’s disease” – pericardial pseudocirrhosis of the liver.

GMN 2803 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/3431

1898 BOBROV, Alexander Alexievich (1850 – 1904)

Ueber ein neues Operationsverfahren zur Entfernung von Echinococcus in der Leber und anderen parenchymatösen Bauchorganen.

Important work on surgical treatment of hydatids of the liver. Originally appeared in Russian in Khirurgiya, 1898, 3, 3-9.

GMN 3637 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/4635

1898 BUXBAUM, A

Ueber die Photographie von Gallensteinen in vivo.

First x-ray demonstration of gall-stones.

GMN 3638 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/4636

1898 TALMA, Sape (1847 – 1918)

Chirurgische Oeffnung neuer Seitenbahnen für das Blut der Vena portae.

Talma’s operation for the relief of ascites in cirrhosis of the liver.

GMN 3639 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/4638

1899 HALSTED, William Stewart (1852 – 1922)

Contribution to the surgery of the bile passages, especially of the common bile-duct.

“Among Halsted’s many outstanding surgical accomplishments those related to surgery of the biliary tract are lesser known. However, he is commonly credited with performing the first successful operation for a primary …

GMN 3639.1 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/4642

1900 –1901 HEKTOEN, Ludvig (1863 – 1951)

Experimental bacillary cirrhosis of the liver.

Hektoen produced experimental cirrhosis of the liver. His notable work in pathology includes the foundation of the Archives of Pathology.

GMN 3640 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/4650

1903 OPIE, Eugene Lindsay (1873 – 1971)

Disease of the pancreas; its cause and nature.

GMN 3641 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/4665

1904 CAMMIDGE, Percy John (1872 – 1956)

The chemistry of the urine in diseases of the pancreas.

Test for diseases of the pancreas.

GMN 3642 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/4666

1904 KATSURADA, Fujiro (1867 – 1946)

The aetiology of a parasitic disease (in Japanese)

First description of Schistosoma japonicum. Translation in Kean (No. 2368.1), p. 518.

GMN 5349.1 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/6829