1952 HERSHEY, Alfred Day (1908 – 1997); CHASE, Martha Cowles (1927 – 2003)
Independent functions of viral protein and nucleic acid in growth of bacteriophage.
DNA shown to be the carrier of genetic information in virus reproduction. In 1969 Hershey shared the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine with S. E. Luria and M. Delbrück for "for their discoveries concerning the rep…
GMN 256 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/8697
1952 –1959 SOWERBY, Emily Millicent (1883 – 1977); JEFFERSON, Thomas (1743 – 1826)
Catalogue of the library of Thomas Jefferson. Compiled with annotations by E. Millicent Sowerby. 5 vols.
This fully annotated catalogue of nearly 5000 items from the library of the U.S. President, while unillustrated, is perhaps the finest and most detailed annotated bibliographical catalogue of the library of any scient…
GMN 11439 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/13638
1952 HALLPIKE, Charles Skinner (1900 – 1979); DIX, Margaret Ruth (1902 – 1991)
The pathology, symptomatology and diagnosis of certain common disorders of the vestibular system.
Dix–Hallpike test or Nylen–Barany test, a diagnostic maneuver used to identify benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV). Digital facsimile from PubMedCentral at this link.
GMN 12209 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/14419
1953 MURRAY, Margaret Ransome (1901 – ); KOPECH, Gertrude (1915 – )
A bibliography of the research in tissue culture 1884-1950. An index to the literature of the living cell cultivated in vitro.
GMN 567.1 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/311
1953 GROSS, Jack (1921 – 1994); PITT-RIVERS, Rosalind Venetia Lane Fox (1907 – 1990)
3:5:3'-Triiodothyronine. I. Isolation from thyroid gland and synthesis.
Discovery of the second thyroid hormone, triiodothyronine. Digital facsimile from PubMedCentral at this link.
GMN 1138.1 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/1350
1953 BARR, Murray Llewellyn (1908 – 1995); MOORE, Keith Leon (1925 – ); GRAHAM, Margaret A.
The detection of chromosomal sex in hermaphrodites from a skin biopsy.
Sex chromatin demonstrated in humans.
GMN 256.2 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/8699
1953 FRANKLIN, Rosalind Elsie (1920 – 1958); GOSLING, Raymond (1926 – 2015)
Molecular configuration in sodium thymonucleate.
This paper reports Franklin's discovery of the existence of DNA in 2 forms, and conditions for readily and rapidly changing from one to the other. Its phosphates were on the outside.” (Maddox 195) The Watson-Crick mod…
GMN 6847 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/9011
1953 FULTON, John Farquhar (1899 – 1960); SERVETUS, Michael [Miguel Serveto Conesa; also known as Miguel Servet, Miguel Serveto, Revés, or Michel de Villeneuve] (1511 – 1553); STANTON, Madeline Earle (1898 – 1980)
Michael Servetus, humanist and martyr. With a bibliography of his works
GMN 11200 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/13397
1953 HOLMES, Oliver Wendell Sr. (1809 – 1894); CURRIER, Thomas Franklin (1873 – 1946); TILTON, Eleanor Marguerite (1913 – 1991)
A bibliography of Oliver Wendell Holmes
GMN 11203 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/13400
1953 LAMBERTSEN, Eleanor C. (1916 – 1998)
Nursing team organization and functioning.
Lambertsen developed "team nursing," a system of integrated care distributing the care of a patient among a team working together. In team nursing the registered nurse (RN) functions as a team leader, and coordinates …
GMN 14369 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/16701
1955 GRUNBERG-MANAGO, Marianne (1921 – 2013); OCHOA DE ALBORNOZ, Severo (1905 – 1993); ORTIZ, Priscilla J.
Enzymatic synthesis of nucleic acidlike polynucleotides.
Ochoa shared the Nobel Prize with Arthur Kornberg in 1959 for their artificial synthesis of nucleic acids by means of enzymes. Order of authorship in the original publication: Ochoa, Grunberg-Manago, Ortiz. See also O…
GMN 752.3 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/1738
1955 HENLE, Gertrude Szpingier (1912 – 2006); DEINHARDT, Friedrich W. (1926 – 1992)
Propagation and primary isolation of mumps virus in tissue culture.
GMN 5546.3 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/6771
1955 HODGKIN, Dorothy Crowfoot (1910 – 1994)
The crystal structure of the hexacarboxylic acid derived from B12 and the molecular structure of the vitamin.
The final structure of vitamin B12. With J. Pickworth, J.H. Robertson, K.N. Trueblood, R.J. Prosen, J. G. White. In 1964 Hodgkin was awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry "for her determinations by X-ray techniques of …
GMN 6928 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/9093
1955 THOMSON, Margaret H.
Textes Grecs inédits relatifs aux plantes.
Previously unpublished ancient Greek textes on botany, with French translations.
GMN 8873 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/11051
1955 SHERLOCK, Sheila Patricia Violet Dame (1918 – 2001)
Diseases of the liver and biliary system.
13th edition, 2018. "In 1959 she [Sherlock] became the United Kingdom's first ever female Professor of Medicine when she was appointed at the Royal Free Hospital School of Medicine in London. She founded the liver uni…
GMN 10994 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/13190
1956 GRIFFITHS, Margaret Isabel (1902 – 1996); GAISFORD, Wilfrid Fletcher (1902 – 1988)
Freeze-dried B.C.G. vaccination of newborn infants with a British vaccine.
Freeze-dried B.C.G. vaccine.
GMN 2353.1 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/3142
1956 SMITH, Margaret Gladys (1896 – 1970)
Propagation in tissue culture of a cytopathogenic virus from human salivary gland virus (SGV) disease.
Isolation of cytomegalovirus
GMN 2527.2 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/3473
1956 STEWART, Alice Mary (1906 – 2002); ET AL
Preliminary communication: Malignant disease in childhood and diagnostic irradiation in-utero.
Stewart was one of the earliest to study the effect of prenatal X-rays, later replaced by ultrasound. She found that the children of mothers who received these X-rays were almost twice as likely to develop leukemia or…
GMN 7782 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/9954
1957 PAYNE, Rose Marise (1909 – )
Leukocyte agglutinins in human sera. Correlations between blood transfusions and their development.
Leucocyte typing.
GMN 2578.23 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/4239
1957 LOVEJOY, Esther Pohl (1869 – 1967)
Women doctors of the world.
GMN 6650.2 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/7790
1957 PACKARD, Francis Randolph (1870 – 1950); GREIM, Florence M.
Some account of the Pennsylvania Hospital from its first rise to the beginning of the year 1938. by Francis R. Packard. Second printing with a continuation of the account to the year 1956.
GMN 8736 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/10914
1958 –1961 FULTON, John Farquhar (1899 – 1960); QUINBY, Jane (1901 – 1965); STEVENSON, Allan Henry (1903 – 1970); HUNT, Rachel McMasters Miller (1884 – 1963)
Catalogue of botanical books in the collection of Rachel McMasters Hunt. 2 vols. in 3.
Ostensibly the catalogue of Rachel McMasters Hunt's private collection, which she donated to the Hunt Institute for Botanical Documentation at Carnegie Mellon University, this is much more than a finely printed, luxur…
GMN 8744 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/10922
1958 MCCLINTOCK, Barbara (1902 – 1992)
The suppressor-mutator system of control of gene action in maize.
In this paper McClintock described a novel mobile genetic element that she called Suppressor-Mutator (Spm), and its complex regulation. She discovered that Spm could switch back and forth between an “inactive” form an…
GMN 13560 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/15837
1959 GOTTSCHALK, Carl William (1922 – 1997); MYLLE, Margaret
Micropuncture study of the mammalian urinary concentrating mechanism: Evidence for the countercurrent hypothesis.
Proof that tubular fluid is first concentrated in the loop of Henle, then diluted in the ascending limb of the loop before its final concentration in the collecting ducts, as predicted by the countercurrent hypothesis.
GMN 1246.2 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/2060
1959 PAVEY, Agnes Elizabeth (1889 – )
The story of the growth of nursing as an art, a vocation, and a profession. Fifth edition.
GMN 6637 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/7735
1960 VOGT, Marguerite (1913 – 2007); DULBECCO, Renato (1914 – 2012)
Virus-cell interaction with a tumour-producing virus.
Polyomavirus (papovavirus) shown to be capable of transforming cells in culture. Full text from PubMedCentral at this link.
GMN 2660.13 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/3399
1960 YALOW, Rosalyn Sussman (1921 – 2011); BERSON, Solomon Aaron (1918 – 1972)
Immunosassay of endogenous plasma insulin in man.
First radioimmunoassay of a hormone, a test capable of estimating nonogram or even picogram quantities. In 1977 Yalow received half of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine "for the development of radioimmunoassay…
GMN 2578.28 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/4257
1960 BRAUNWALD, Nina Starr (1928 – 1992); COOPER, Theodore (1929 – 1993); MORROW, Andrew G. (1922 – 1982)
Complete replacement of the mitral valve. Successful clinical application of a flexible polyurethane prosthesis.
Braunwald was the first woman to perform open heart surgery. She was the first woman surgeon certified by the American Board of Thoracic Surgery, and the first woman elected to the American Association for Thoracic Su…
GMN 12221 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/14433
1961 LYON, Mary Frances (1925 – 2014)
Gene action in the X-chromosome of the mouse (Mus musculus L).
Theory of differential inactivation of the X-chromosome. See also Amer. J. hum. Genet., 1962, 14, 135-48.
GMN 256.7 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/8704
1961 CRICK, Francis Harry Compton (1916 – 2004); BRENNER, Sydney (1927 – 2019); BARNETT, Leslie Margaret Collard (1920 – 2002); WATTS-TOBIN, Richard J.
General nature of the genetic code for proteins.
The codons in DNA specifying amino acids in proteins.
GMN 256.8 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/8705
1961 SOMERS, Herman Miles (1911 – 1991); SOMERS, Anne
Doctors, patients, and health insurance: The organization and financing of medical care.
GMN 8764 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/10942
1961 STAUPERS, Mabel Keaton
No time for prejudice: A story of the integration of negroes in nursing in the United States.
Primarily a history of the National Association of Colored Graduate Nurses [NACGN], which existed for the express purpose of "promoting unity within the nursing profession and furthering the cause of democracy." Integ…
GMN 12015 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/14223
1962 CARSON, Rachel Louise (1907 – 1964)
Silent spring.
This very carefully documented book convincingly proved the disastrous effects of DDT in the environment, and generated a storm of controversy. It was later credited with founding the "environmental movement" in the U…
GMN 7841 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/10013
1962 MCLEAN, Donald M.; MCQUEEN, Joan; PETITIE, H. Elizabeth; ET AL
Powassan virus: Field investigations in Northern Ontario, 1959-1961.
The authors isolated a virus from the brain of a child who died of encephalitis in Powassan, Ontario, and named it the Powassan virus. They posited a tick vector and possible rodent natural hosts. (Thanks to Juan Weis…
GMN 10920 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/13116
1963 GUTHRIE, Robert (1916 – 1995); SUSI, Ada J. (1918 – 2002)
A simple phenylalanine method for detecting phenylketonuria in large populations of newborn infants.
Bacterial inhibition test for phenylketonuria.
GMN 3924.4 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/5084
1963 HUNTER, Richard Alfred (1923 – 1981); MACALPINE, Ida (1899 – 1974)
Three hundred years of psychiatry, 1535-1860: A history presented in selected English texts.
GMN 5019.3 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/6619
1963 COLDEN, Jane (1724 – 1766); RICKETT, Harold William (1896 – 1989); HALL, Elizabeth Cornelia (1898 – 1989)
Botanic manuscript of Jane Colden, 1724-1766. Edited by H.W. Rickett and E.C. Hall.
Colden was the first distinguished American woman botanist. Her work is known only from an untitled manuscript by her on the flora of the lower Hudson River Valley of New York that is preserved in the Natural History …
GMN 7868 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/10040
1964 HUNTER, Elizabeth F.; ET AL
An improved FTA test for syphilis; the absorption procedure (FTA-ABS).
Absorbed fluorescent treponemal antibody (FTA-ABS) test. With W. E. Deacon and P. E. Meyer. The text is available from the NLM PubMedCentral at this link.
GMN 2419.3 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/2878
1964 EPSTEIN, Michael Anthony (1921 – ); BARR, Yvonne (1932 – 2016)
Cultivation in vitro of human lymphoblasts from Burkitt’s malignant lymphoma.
Order of authorship in the original publication: Epstein, Barr. Discovery of the Epstein-Barr virus, a human herpes virus causing infectious mononucleosis, and implicated in Burkitt’s lymphoma and other forms of cance…
GMN 2660.17 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/3410
1964 EPSTEIN, Michael Anthony (1921 – ); BARR, Yvonne (1932 – 2016); ACHONG, Bert Geoffrey (1928 – 1996)
Virus particles in cultured lymphoblasts from Burkitt’s lymphoma.
Order of authorship in the original publication: Epstein, Achong, Barr. Presence of herpes-like virus particles in Burkitt’s tumor cells reported. The Epstein-Barr virus was the first human cancer-causing virus to be …
GMN 2660.18 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/3414
1966 KEILIN, David (1887 – 1963); KEILIN, Joan
The history of cell respiration and cytochrome
See No. 968.
GMN 1588.3 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/1471
1967 RATHLEV, Tara (1927 – 2009)
Haemagglutination test utilizing pathogenic Treponema pallidum for the sero-diagnosis of syphilis.
Treponemal hemagglutination (TPHA) test.
GMN 2419.4 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/2879
1967 ALPER, Tikvah (1909 – 1995); CRAMP, W. A.; HAIG, D. A.; ET AL
Does the agent of scrapie replicate without nucleic acids?
This paper, which predated Griffith's' paper (No. 12833), demonstrated that the scrapie agent replicates without nucleic acids. Alper and colleagues irradiated scrapie infected mouse brain extracts with lethal ultravi…
GMN 12834 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/15080
1968 ELLISON, Rose Ruth (1923 – 2009); ET AL
Arabinosyl cytosine: A useful agent in the treatment of acute leukemia in adults.
Cytosine arabinoside. With J. P. Holland, M. Weil, et al.
GMN 3108.9 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/3838
1968 HENLE, Gertrude Szpingier (1912 – 2006); HENLE, Werner (1910 – 1987); DIEHL, Volker S. (1938 – )
Relation of Burkitt’s tumor-associated herpes-type virus to infectious mononucleosis.
The Henles and Diehl showed that Epstein-Barr virus is the aetiological agent in infectious mononucleosis.
GMN 5487.1 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/6427
1968 THOMPSON, Alice Mary Charlotte (1907 – 1981)
A bibliography of nursing literature, 1859-1960.
Includes sections on history and biography. Supplement 1961-70, 1974.
GMN 6639.1 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/7741
1968 GALEN, [Κλαύδιος Γαληνός; Galen of Pergamon] (129 – 216); MAY, Margaret Tallmadge (1896 – 1990)
Galen on the usefulness of the parts of the body. De usu partium. Translated from the Greek with an introduction and commentary by Margaret Tallmadge May. 2 vols.
GMN 9097 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/11276
1968 –1977 MACPHAIL, Ian (1923 – 2014); MULTHAUF, Robert P. (1919 – 2004); JAFFÉ, Aniela (1903 – 1991); MCGUIRE, William (1917 – 2009)
Alchemy and the occult; a catalogue of books and manuscripts from the collection of Paul and Mary Mellon given to Yale University Library. Compiled by Ian MacPhail, with essays by R. P. Multhauf and Aniela Jaffé and additional notes by William McGuire. 4 vols.
GMN 11331 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/13529
1968 LOPATE, Carol
Women in medicine.
GMN 11827 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/14029
1970 BUCKLEY, Sonja Margaret (1918 – 2005); CASALS-ARIET, Jordi (1911 – 2004)
Lassa fever, a new virus disease of man from West Africa. III. Isolation and characterization of the virus.
Preliminary note in Nature (Lond.), 1970, 227, 174. Lassa Hemorrhagic Fever is endemic to the West African countries of Nigeria, Guinea, Liberia and Sierra Leone.
GMN 5546.5 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/6776
![GALEN, [Κλαύδιος Γαληνός; Galen of Pergamon] (129 – 216)](/media/portraits/21)