1975 HENDERSON, Richard (1945 – ); UNWIN, Peter Nigel Tripp

Three-dimensional model of purple membrane obtained by electron microscopy.

The invention of Cryogenic electron microscopy (cryo-EM). The novel technique was achieved by "by applying the method to tilted specimens, and using the principles put forward by De Rosier and Klug (GM - 13935), for t…

GMN 14182 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/16497

1981 FRANK, Joachim (1940 – ); VERSCHOOR, Adriana; BOUBLIK, Miloslav (1929 – 1994)

Computer averaging of electron micrographs of the 405 ribosomal subunit.

Frank and colleagues developed a method that allows sorting of particle images into classes based on their orientation, as well as their structural features. Specifically Frank developed mathematical tools used for im…

GMN 14183 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/16498

1984 DUBOCHET, Jacques (1942 – ); ADRIAN, Marc; LEPAULT, Jean; ET AL

Cryo-electron microscopy of viruses.

Dubochet and colleagues introduced "Dubochet's vitrification method" to vitrify water by cooling it so rapidly that it solidified to form a glass instead of crystals. Using this method, the authors published the first…

GMN 14184 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/16499

2020 NAKANE, Takanore; KOTECHA, Abhay; SENTE, Andrija; ET AL

Single particle cryo-EM at atomic resolution.

The authors located individual atoms with a protein molecule for the first time using cryo-EM. This was the highest resolution imaging of a single protein molecule achieved to date using cryo-EM. Order of authorship o…

GMN 14185 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/16501