1908 CARREL, Alexis (1873 – 1944)
Transplantation in mass of the kidneys.
Carrel revolutionized vascular surgery. He transplanted the kidney from one animal to another, an operation later carried out successfully in man. For his earlier work on vascular anastomosis and transplantation of vi…
GMN 4235 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/5089
1913 MUNK, Fritz (1879 – 1950)
Klinische Diagnostik der degenerativen Nierenerkrankungen.
Munk introduced the term “lipoid nephrosis”. He found that urine in such cases contained anisotropic lipoid droplets.
GMN 4237 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/5093
1914 ABEL, John Jacob (1857 – 1938); TURNER, Benjamin Bernard (1871 – 1945); ROWNTREE, Leonard George (1883 – 1959)
On the removal of diffusible substances from the circulating blood of living animals by dialysis.
Hemodialysis. See also No. 1976. Preliminary communication in Trans Ass. Amer. Phycns., 1913, 28, 51-4. "Together with L.G. Rowntree and B.B. Turner, Abel devised what they called a "vividiffusion" apparatus, consisti…
GMN 741.2 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/1138
1914 VOLHARD, Franz (1872 – 1950); FAHR, Karl Theodor (1877 – 1945)
Die Brightsche Nierenkrankheit.
First full description of pure nephrosis, relating clinical features to morbid anatomy.
GMN 4238 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/5098
1918 HINMAN, Frank Sr. (1880 – 1961)
Experimental hydronephrosis; repair following ureterocysto-neostomy in white rats with complete ureteral obstruction.
Commencement of Hinman’s classic work on treatment of hydronephrosis.
GMN 4238.1 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/5104
1919 LEATHES, John Beresford (1864 – 1956)
Renal efficiency tests in nephritis, and the reaction of the urine.
Alkaline tide of urine.
GMN 4239 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/5107
1922 LABBÉ, Ernest Marcel (1870 – 1939); ET AL
Crises solaires et hypertension paroxystique en rapport avec une tumeur surrénale.
First full description of chromaffin cell tumors of the adrenal medulla. With J. Tinel and E. Doumer.
GMN 3871 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/4924
1923 GANTER, Georg
Ueber die Beseitigung giftiger Stoffe aus dem Blute durch Dialyse.
First description of the experimental use of peritoneal dialysis in uremia.
GMN 4242 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/5118
1923 MINAMI, Seigo (1893 – 1975)
Ueber Nierenveränderungen nach Verschüttung.
Crush syndrome.
GMN 4243 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/5121
1927 JONES, William Henry Samuel (1876 – 1963); HIPPOCRATES, [Ἱπποκράτης; Hippocrates of Kos] (-460 – -370); WITHINGTON, Edward Theodore (1860 – 1947)
Aphorisms, Section VII, number 34. In his Works. Ed. W. H. S. JONES and E. T. WITHINGTON
The first description of the association of proteinuria and chronic renal disease.
GMN 4203.9 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/6208
1929 GIERKE, Edgar Otto Konrad von (1877 – 1945)
Hepato-nephromegalia glykogenika (Glykogenspeicherkrankheit der Leber und Nieren).
“Von Gierke’s disease”, glycogen disease of hepatomegalic type. See also the review by S. van Creveld, Medicine, 1939, 18, 1-128.
GMN 3656 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/4767
1931 FANCONI, Guido (1892 – 1979)
Die nicht diabetischen Glykosurien und Hyperglykämien des älteren Kindes.
“Fanconi’s syndrome”, dysfunction of the renal tubules with hypophosphatemia, renal glycosuria, and metabolic disturbances.
GMN 4248 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/5132
1933 MASUGI, Matazo (1896 – 1947)
Über das Wesen der spezifischen Veränderungen der Niere und der Leber durch das Nephrotoxin bzw. das Hepatotoxin.
Experimental production of acute glomerulonephritis. For Masugi’s later work, see the same journal, 1933-34, 92, 429, and Klin. Wschr., 1935, 14, 373.
GMN 4249 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/5135
1934 GOLDBLATT, Harry (1891 – 1977); ET AL
Studies on experimental hypertension. 1. The production of persistent elevation of systolic blood pressure by means of renal ischemia.
Goldblatt discovered the role of the kidneys in the regulation of blood pressure. This was the first of Goldblatt’s papers on experimental hypertension, which established an aetiologic role for renal ischemia in the p…
GMN 2719 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/4445
1936 WILSON, Clifford (1906 – 1997); KIMMELSTIEL, Paul (1900 – 1970)
Intercapillary lesions in the glomeruli of the kidney.
“Kimmelstiel–Wilson syndrome”. First description of nodular intercapillary glomerulosclerosis, the only known morphological alteration specific, or almost so, for diabetes mellitus.
GMN 4250 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/5138
1937 HOUSSAY, Bernardo Alberto (1887 – 1971); FASCIOLO, Juan Carlos (1911 – )
Secreción hipertensora del rinón isquemiado.
Houssay and Fasciolo transplanted an ischemic kidney into an animal from which both kidneys had been removed. Hypertension resulted after establishment of circulation, supporting the view that hypertension is due to a…
GMN 2721 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/4450
1937 FOLEY, Frederic Eugene Basil (1891 – 1966)
A new plastic operation for stricture at the uretero-pelvic junction: report of 20 operations.
Foley’s operation for hydronephrosis.
GMN 4250.1 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/5145
1937 RANDALL, Alexander (1883 – 1951)
The origin and growth of renal calculi.
Randall founded the theory of kidney stone formation on anchored papillary plaque. https://kidneystones.uchicago.edu/randalls-plaque/ Digital facsimile from PubMedCentral at this link.
GMN 11466 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/13665
1939 WILSON, Clifford (1906 – 1997); BYROM, Frank Burnet (1902 – 1976)
Renal changes in malignant hypertension; experimental evidence.
Production of hypertension in rats by constriction of one renal artery, and important studies of the renal changes produced, which included degeneration of the renal arterioles.
GMN 2724 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/4456
1939 OLIVER, Jean Redman (1889 – 1976)
Architecture of the kidney in chronic Bright’s disease.
A description of the morphological changes in the nephrons of diseased kidneys. Hypertrophic, atrophic and aglomerular units are described.
GMN 4250.2 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/5148
1940 BRAUN-MENÉNDEZ, Eduardo (1903 – 1959)
The substance causing renal hypertension.
Angiotensin. With J. C. Fasciolo, L. F. Leloir, and J. M. Muñoz. Independently isolated by Page and Helmer (see No. 2724.2) and later named angiotensin.
GMN 2724.1 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/4458
1940 PAGE, Irvine Heinly (1901 – 1991); HELMER, Oscar Marvin (1900 – 1972)
A crystalline pressor substance (angiotonin) resulting from the reaction between renin and renin-activator.
Isolation of angiotonin (angiotensin).
GMN 2724.2 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/4459
1941 BYWATERS, Eric George Lapthorne (1910 – 2003); BEALL, Desmond (1910 – 1999)
Crush injuries with impairment of renal function.
Bywaters and Beali encountered cases of the “crush syndrome” among victims of the London air-raids of 1940-41.
GMN 4252 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/5155
1941 WILSON, Clifford (1906 – 1997); BYROM, Frank Burnet (1902 – 1976)
The vicious circle in chronic Bright’s disease. Experimental evidence from the hypertensive rat.
GMN 4253 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/5159
1942 ELLIS, Sir Arthur William Mickle (1883 – 1966)
Natural history of Bright’s disease. Clinical, histological and experimental observations.
Ellis’s classification of nephritis.
GMN 4254 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/5164
1944 KEMPNER, Walter (1903 – 1997)
Treatment of kidney disease and hypertensive vascular disease with rice diet.
Kempner rice diet for the treatment of hypertension.
GMN 2725 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/4461
1944 KOLFF, Willem Johann (1911 – 2009); ET AL
The artificial kidney: Dialyser with great area.
The Kolff artificial kidney. With H. T. J. Berk and others. Kolff first published his discovery in a neutral country (Sweden) since in 1944 Holland was occupied by the Germans. See also No. 1976.
GMN 4255 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/5168
1946 FINE, Jacob (1900 – ); ET AL
The treatment of acute renal failure by peritoneal irrigation.
With H. A. Frank and A. M. Seligman.
GMN 4256 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/5172
1946 KOLFF, Willem Johann (1911 – 2009)
Die kunstmatige Nier.
Kolff's first book on the artificial kidney. This was his doctoral dissertation. There were two versions published. The first was designated Proefschrift and credited Kolff as Willem Johan Kolff on the title page. It …
GMN 11510 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/13709
1947 MURRAY, Donald Walter Gordon (Gordon Murray) (1894 – 1976); ET AL
Development of an artificial kidney: Experimental and clinical experiences.
".... a significant contribution to renal therapies was made by Canadian surgeon Gordon Murray with the assistance of two doctors, an undergraduate chemistry student, and research staff. Murray's work was conducted si…
GMN 11511 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/13710
1950 LAWLER, Richard H. (1895 – 1982); ET AL
Homotransplantation of the kidney in human; preliminary report.
Report of first human patient to survive a kidney transplant. The operation was on June 17, 1950, and the patient was discharged on August 26. With four co-authors. See No. 4257.
GMN 4256.1 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/5174
1951 SMITH, Homer William (1895 – 1962)
The kidney: structure and function in health and disease.
An encyclopaedic presentation of kidney physiology, including the many contributions of the author.
GMN 1246 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/2048
1951 OLIVER, Jean Redman (1889 – 1976); MACDOWELL, M; TRACY, A
The pathogenesis of acute renal failure associated with traumatic and toxic injury. Renal ischemia, nephrotoxic damage and the ischemuric episode.
Oliver’s work on the structural lesions associated with acute renal failure in which he differentiated between the two types of damage: nephrotoxic, due to toxic substances, and tubulorhexic, due to ischemia, establis…
GMN 4256.11 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/5183
1955 HUME, David Milford (1917 – 1973); MERRILL, John Putnam (1917 – 1986); THORN, George Widmer (1906 – 2004); ET AL
Experiences with renal homotransplantation in the human. Report of nine cases.
With Benjamin F. Miller. Digital facsimile from PubMedCentral at this link.
GMN 4256.3 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/5194
1956 MERRILL, John Putnam (1917 – 1986); MURRAY, Joseph Edward (1919 – 2012); HARRISON, John Hartwell (1909 – 1983); ET AL
Successful homotransplantation of the human kidney between identical twins.
This was the first successful kidney transplant. The patient, both of whose own kidneys had been removed, was alive 11 months after the transplant. With Warren R. Guild. See No. 4256.1. In 1990 Joseph Murray shared th…
GMN 4257 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/5197
1956 KOLFF, Willem Johann (1911 – 2009); WATSCHINGER, B
Further developments of a coil kidney. Disposable artificial kidney.
Disposable twin coil kidney.
GMN 4257.1 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/5201
1960 QUINTON, Wayne Everett (1921 – 2015); SCRIBNER, Belding Hibbard (1921 – 2003); DILLARD, David
Cannulation of blood vessels for prolonged hemodialysis.
Scribner, Quinton, and Dillard made repeated dialysis possible by their development of indwelling Teflon–Silastic arteriovenous shunts. These became known as Scribner Shunts.
GMN 4257.2 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/5205
1974 SWAZEY, Judith P. (1939 – ); FOX, Renée Claire (1928 – )
The courage to fail: A social view of organ transplants and dialysis.
Includes chapters on the heart transplantation moratorium and the artificial heart.
GMN 12343 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/14567
1980 GORDON, David B.
Hypertension, the renal basis. Benchmark papers in human physiology. Edited by David B. Gordon.
GMN 12344 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/14568
2014 MORAN, Michael Edward
Urolithiasis: A comprehensive history.
GMN 12149 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/14359
2019 CHEVALIER, Robert L.
Evolution, kidney development, and chronic kidney disease.
Abstract: "There is a global epidemic of chronic kidney disease (CKD) characterized by a progressive loss of nephrons, ascribed in large part to a rising incidence of hypertension, metabolic syndrome, and type 2 diabe…
GMN 12098 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/14307
![HIPPOCRATES, [Ἱπποκράτης; Hippocrates of Kos] (-460 – -370)](/media/portraits/50)
