1906 BAUER, Richard
Ueber die Assimilation von Galaktose und Milchzucker Beim Gesunden und Kranken.
Galactose tolerance test.
GMN 3643 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/4669
1906 DARLING, Samuel Taylor (1872 – 1925)
A protozoon general infection producing pseudotubercles in the lungs and focal necroses in the liver, spleen and lymphnodes.
Histoplasmosis (Histoplasma capsulatum), “Darling’s disease”.
GMN 5532 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/6676
1906 MALL, Franklin Paine (1862 – 1917)
A study of the structural unit of the liver.
Mall defined the liver's structural unit as a tissue block centered on a portal vein, rather than the classic hepatic lobule centered on a central vein. He proposed that the structural unit of the liver is defined by …
GMN 14351 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/16681
1908 LOEWI, Otto (1873 – 1961)
Ueber eine neue Funktion des Pankreas und ihre Beziehung zum Diabetes mellitus.
Loewi’s pancreatic function test.
GMN 3644 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/4671
1909 ASCHOFF, Karl Albert Ludwig (1866 – 1942); BACMEISTER, Adolf (1882 – 1945)
Die Cholelithiasis.
GMN 3645 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/4674
1910 WOHLGEMUTH, Julius (1874 – 1948)
Beitrag zur funktionellen Diagnostik des Pankreas.
Wohlgemuth’s pancreatic function test.
GMN 3646 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/4721
1912 ROGERS, Sir Leonard (1868 – 1962)
The rapid cure of amoebic dysentery and hepatitis by hypodermic injections of soluble salts of emetine.
Following up the work of Vedder, Rogers showed that the soluble salts of emetine could be safely injected subcutaneously. The general use of emetine, introduced by Rogers, diminished the incidence of liver abscess – a…
GMN 5190 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/7047
1913 –1914 MCNEE, Sir John William (1887 – 1984)
Experiments on haemolytic icterus.
McNee showed that bile pigment formation is not a function of the liver cells alone, but can take place in other tissues. He thus disproved the theory propounded by Minkowski and Naunyn in 1886.
GMN 3648 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/4729
1917 MELTZER, Samuel James (1851 – 1920)
The disturbance of the law of contrary innervation as a pathogenetic factor in the diseases of the bile ducts and the gall-bladder.
Non-surgical drainage of the gallbladder was first suggested by Meltzer. See also No. 3651.
GMN 3649 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/4732
1918 REICH, Adolph (1864 – 1941)
Accidental injection of bile ducts with petrolatum and bismuth paste. Preliminary report on a new method.
Reich was the first to obtain cholangiograms.
GMN 3650 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/4736
1919 LYON, Bethuel Boyd Vincent (1880 – 1953)
Diagnosis and treatment of diseases of the gall-bladder and bilary ducts. Preliminary report on a new method.
See No. 3649.
GMN 3651 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/4740
1921 –1922 BANTING, Sir Frederick Grant (1891 – 1941); BEST, Charles Herbert (1899 – 1978)
The internal secretion of the pancreas.
This paper reports the isolation of insulin. An extract from the pancreas of a dog, removed after ligation of the excretory duct, was found to exercise a reducing influence on the percentage of sugar in the blood. Dig…
GMN 1205 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/1847
1924 GRAHAM, Evarts Ambrose (1883 – 1957); COLE, Warren Henry (1898 – 1990)
Roentgenologic examination of the gallbladder.
Introduction of cholecystography.
GMN 3652 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/4751
1924 ROSENTHAL, Sanford Morris (1897 – 1989); WHITE, Edwin Clay (1888 – )
Studies in hepatic function. VI. A. The pharmacological behavior of certain dyes. B. The value of selected phthalein compounds in the estimation of hepatic function.
Bromsulphthalein test for liver function.
GMN 3653 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/4753
1925 TAKATA, Maki (1892 – 1978); ARA, Kiyoshi (1894 – )
Ueber eine neue kolloidchemische Liquorreaktion und ihre praktischen Ergebnisse.
Takata-Ara reaction for the diagnosis of liver disease.
GMN 3654 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/4759
1926 MINOT, George Richards (1885 – 1950); MURPHY, William Parry (1892 – 1987)
Treatment of pernicious anemia by a special diet.
Introduction of raw liver diet in the treatment of pernicious anemia. This treatment ranks as one of the greatest modern advances in therapy. See also the later paper in the same journal, 1927, 89,759-66. Reprinted in…
GMN 3140 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/3950
1927 PEABODY, Francis Weld (1881 – 1927)
The pathology of the bone marrow in pernicious anaemia.
Peabody studied the bone marrow in pernicious anemia. He suggested that failure of blood formation rather than hemolysis was the main defect in the disease, and that the benefit from liver feeding was due to a factor …
GMN 3142.1 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/3955
1927 EILBOTT, Wilhelm (1900 – )
Funktionsprüfung der Leber mittels Bilirubinbelastung.
Bilirubin excretion test of liver function. See also his thesis, published in 1925.
GMN 3655 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/4763
1929 GIERKE, Edgar Otto Konrad von (1877 – 1945)
Hepato-nephromegalia glykogenika (Glykogenspeicherkrankheit der Leber und Nieren).
“Von Gierke’s disease”, glycogen disease of hepatomegalic type. See also the review by S. van Creveld, Medicine, 1939, 18, 1-128.
GMN 3656 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/4767
1929 ROLLESTON, Sir Humphrey Davy (1862 – 1944); MCNEE, Sir John William (1887 – 1984)
Diseases of the liver, gall-bladder, and bile ducts. 3rd edition.
GMN 3657 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/4771
1930 GÄNSSLEN, Max (1859 – 1969)
Ein hochwirksamer, injizierbarer Leberextrakt.
Gänsslen introduced an injectable liver extract in the treatment of pernicious anemia.
GMN 3144.1 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/3968
1931 TAYLOR, Francis Henry Laskey (1900 – 1959); CASTLE, William Bosworth (1897 – 1990)
Intravenous use of extract of liver.
GMN 3145.1 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/3977
1931 BREUER, Bela
Über ein neues Röntgensymptom der Gallensteinkrankheit.
Star-shaped radiolucencies caused by gas in gallstones.
GMN 3658 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/4775
1933 QUICK, Armand James (1894 – 1977)
The synthesis of hippuric acid: a new test of liver function.
Quick’s liver-function test.
GMN 3659 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/4785
1935 WHIPPLE, Allen Oldfather (1881 – 1963); ET AL
Treatment of carcinoma of the ampulla of Vater.
Pancreaticoduodenectomy for cancer of pancreas. With W. B. Parsons and C. R. Mullins.
GMN 3659.1 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/4789
1936 DRAGSTEDT, Lester Reynold (1893 – 1975); ET AL
Observations on a substance in pancreas (a fat metabolizing hormone) which permits survival and prevents liver changes in depancreatized dogs.
Lipocaic. With J. Van Prohaska and H. P. Harms.
GMN 1086.1 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/845
1936 FANCONI, Guido (1892 – 1979); ET AL
Das Coeliakiesyndrom bei angeborener zysticher Pankreasfibromatose und Bronchiektasien.
Cystic fibrosis (mucoviscidosis) described. With E. Uehlinger and C. Knauer.
GMN 3659.2 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/4793
1937 BRUNSCHWIG, Alexander (1901 – 1969)
Resection of head of pancreas and duodenum for carcinoma – pancreatoduodenectomy.
See also the same journal, 1943, 77, 581-84.
GMN 3660 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/4804
1937 PATEK, Arthur Jackson Jr. (1904 – 1991)
Treatment of alcoholic cirrhosis of the liver with high vitamin therapy.
A pioneer paper on the dietary treatment of cirrhosis.
GMN 3661 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/4808
1938 HANGER, Franklin McCue (1894 – 1971)
The flocculation of cephalin-cholesterol emulsions by pathological sera.
Cephalin-cholesterol liver-function test.
GMN 3662 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/4810
1938 QUICK, Armand James (1894 – 1977); ET AL
Synthesis of hippuric acid in man following intravenous injection of sodium benzoate.
Intravenous hippuric acid test for liver function. With H. N. Ottenstein and H. Weltchek. See also Amer. J. Dis., 1939, 6, 716-17.
GMN 3663 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/4811
1939 IVERSON, Poul (1889 – ); ROHOLM, Kaj (1902 – 1948)
On aspiration biopsy of the liver, with remarks on its diagnostic significance.
Modern method of liver puncture.
GMN 3664 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/4812
1942 VOEGT, H
Zur Aetiologie der Hepatitis epidemica.
Transmission of infective hepatitis agent.
GMN 3664.1 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/4813
1944 MACCALLUM, Frederick Ogden; BRADLEY, W. H.
Transmission of infective hepatitis to human volunteers.
MacCallum and Bradley finally proved the nature of both serum and infective hepatitis.
GMN 3664.2 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/4815
1944 MACCALLUM, Frederick Ogden; BAUER, Denis John (1914 – 2001)
Homologous serum jaundice. Transmission experiments with human volunteers.
GMN 3664.3 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/4816
1944 MACLAGAN, Noel Francis (1904 – 1987)
The serum colloidal gold reactions as a liver function test.
GMN 3665 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/4817
1944 MACLAGAN, Noel Francis (1904 – 1987)
The thymol turbidity test as an indicator of liver dysfunction.
GMN 3666 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/4818
1946 ANGIER, Robert Crane (1917 – )
The structure and synthesis of liver. L. casei factor.
Isolation, determination of structure, and final synthesis of folic acid.
GMN 3151 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/4005
1951 ABEATICI, Sergio (1922 – 2000); CAMPI, L
La visualizzazione radiologica della porta pervia splenica.
Introduction of portal venography for investigation of portal hypertension.
GMN 2725.1 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/4463
1955 WELCH, Charles Stuart (1909 – )
A note on transplantation of the whole liver in dogs.
Placement of auxiliary whole liver.
GMN 3666.1 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/4819
1955 SHERLOCK, Sheila Patricia Violet Dame (1918 – 2001)
Diseases of the liver and biliary system.
13th edition, 2018. "In 1959 she [Sherlock] became the United Kingdom's first ever female Professor of Medicine when she was appointed at the Royal Free Hospital School of Medicine in London. She founded the liver uni…
GMN 10994 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/13190
1959 MOORE, Francis Daniels (1913 – 2001)
One-stage homotransplantation of the liver following total hepatectomy in dogs.
With nine co-authors.
GMN 3666.2 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/4820
1959 –1967 MANI, Nikolaus (1920 – 2001)
Die historischen Grundlagen der Leberforschung. 2 vols.
GMN 3666.6 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/4825
1963 STARZL, Thomas Earl (1926 – 2017)
Homotransplantation of the liver in humans.
First human liver transplant (three patients; one died during operation, the second after 7.5 days, and the third after 22 days). With five co-authors.
GMN 3666.3 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/4821
1965 BLUMBERG, Baruch Samuel (1925 – 2011); ALTER, Harvey James (1935 – ); VISNICH, S.; ET AL
A “new” antigen in leukemia sera.
(Order of authorship in the original publication: Blumberg, Alter, Visnich.) Discovery of Australia antigen, hepatitis B antigen, Aa, later called HBsAg. Blumberg received half of the Nobel Prize for Medicine in Biolo…
GMN 3666.4 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/4823
1967 KRUGMAN, Saul (1911 – 1995); ET AL
Infectious hepatitis. Evidence for two distinctive clinical, epidemiological, and immunological types of infection.
With J. P. Giles and J. Hammond.
GMN 3666.5 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/4824
1968 FRANKEN, Franz Hermann
Die Leber und ihre Krankheiten. Zweihundert Jahre Hepatologie.
Contains short biographies and an excellent bibliography.
GMN 3666.7 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/4826
1969 –1972 BLUMBERG, Baruch Samuel (1925 – 2011); MILLMAN, Irving (1923 – 2012)
Vaccine against viral hepatitis and process. Serial No. 864,788 filed 10 /8 /[19]69. Patent 3636191 issued 1/ 18/ [19]72.
First description of the hepatitis B vaccine, the first cancer vaccine, US patent 3636191A. Millman and Blumberg discovered that the blood of individuals carrying the hepatitis B virus contained particles of the outsi…
GMN 6841 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/9005
1970 SHERLOCK, Sheila Patricia Violet Dame (1918 – 2001); NIAZI, S. P.; FOX, R. A.
Chronic liver disease and primary liver-cell cancer with hepatitis-associated (Australia) antigen in serum.
(Order of authorship in the original publication: Sherlock, Niazi, Fox...). The authors demonstrated that the hepatitis B virus can cause cancer. (Thanks to Juan Weiss for this reference and its interpretation.)
GMN 12306 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/14528
1984 CHEN, Thomas S.; CHEN, Peter S.
Understanding the liver: A history.
GMN 8624 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/10801
