1839 BOUSSINGAULT, Jean-Baptiste Joseph Dieudonné (1801 – 1887)

Analyses comparées des alimens consommés et des produits rendus par une vache laitière.

The first analysis of foodstuffs and fertilizers. Boussingault made a balance of intake and outgo of nutrients in food and excreta.

GMN 992 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/698

1842 CURLING, Thomas Blizard (1811 – 1888)

On acute ulceration of the duodenum, in cases of burn.

“Curling’s ulcer”. Although not first to report duodenal ulcers as a complication of burns, Curling correlated the work of previous writers on the subject and directed attention to it.

GMN 3445 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/5486

1843 BASOV, Vasili Aleksandrovich (1812 – 1879)

Voie artificielle dans l’estomac des animaux.

First gastric fistula established specially for the purpose of experimentation.

GMN 992.1 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/713

1843 BLONDLOT, Nicolas (1810 – 1877)

Traité analytique de la digestion considérée particulièrement dans l’homme et dans les animaux.

Gastric fistula for experimental purposes.

GMN 992.2 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/716

1843 BERNARD, Claude (1813 – 1878)

Du suc gastrique et de son rôle dans la nutrition.

Bernard showed that if sucrose is injected directly into the blood it is eliminated by the kidneys while glucose is retained, and that gastric juice transforms sucrose into assimilable sugar. See F. J. Holmes, Claude …

GMN 992.3 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/718

1843 GROSS, Samuel David (1805 – 1884)

An experimental and critical inquiry into the nature and treatment of wounds of the intestines.

Reports of a series of experiments upon dogs to determine the best way to treat intestinal wounds. First published in West. J. Med. Surg., 1843. 7, 1-50, [81]-141, [161]-224.

GMN 3446 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/5491

1844 SCHWANN, Theodor (1810 – 1882)

Versuche um auszumitteln, ob die Galle im Organismus eine für das Leben wesentliche Rolle spielt.

Proof of the indispensability of bile to digestion.

GMN 993 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/723

1844 REYBARD, Jean François (1790 – 1863)

Mémoire sur une tumeur cancéreuse affectant l’iliaque du colon; ablation de la tumeur et de l’intestin; réunion directe et immédiate des deux bouts de cet organe. Guérison.

First intestinal resection for cancer.

GMN 3447 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/5500

1847 GERLACH, Joseph von (1820 – 1896)

Beobachtung einer tödlichen Peritonitis, als Folge einer Perforation des Wurmfortsatzes.

Description of “Gerlach’s valve”, sometimes seen at the orifice of the appendix.

GMN 994 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/729

1847 BIRD, Golding (1814 – 1854); HILTON, John (1804 – 1878)

Case of internal strangulation of intestine relieved by operation.

Records the first operation for intestinal strangulation of the small intestine by Hilton at Guy’s Hospital. No anaesthetic was used; the patient died nine hours afterwards.

GMN 3449 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/5507

1848 –1849 LEIDY, Joseph (1823 – 1891)

On the existence of Entophyta in healthy animals, as a natural condition.

Discovery of the bacterial flora of the intestines.

GMN 3450 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/5518

1849 BERNARD, Claude (1813 – 1878)

Du sue pancréatique et de son rôle dans les phénomenès de la digestion.

Discovery of the digestive action of the pancreatic juice, especially its role in the digestion and absorption of fats. Reprinted, with translation, in Med. Classics, 1939, 3, 581-617.

GMN 996 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/740

1849 SÉDILLOT, Charles Emmanuel (1804 – 1883)

Opération de gastrostomie pratiquée pour la première fois le 13 novembre 1849.

First gastrostomy.

GMN 3451 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/5571

1850 MOLESCHOTT, Jacob (1822 – 1893)

Die Physiologie der Nahrungsmittel.

GMN 997 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/744

1851 LUDWIG, Carl Friedrich Wilhelm (1816 – 1895)

Neue Versuche über die Beihilfe der Nerven zur Speichelabsonderung.

The innervation of the salivary glands first elucidated.

GMN 998 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/747

1852 BIDDER, Friedrich Karl Heinrich von (1810 – 1894); SCHMIDT, Carl Ernst Heinrich (1822 – 1894)

Die Verdauungssäfte und der Stoffwechsel.

Even after the work of Prout and Beaumont, some physiologists thought that the free acid of the gastric juice was lactic acid; Bidder and Schmidt finally proved that normally the gastric juice always contains HCl in e…

GMN 999 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/752

1854 FENGER, Carl Emil (1814 – 1884)

Ueber Anlegung einer künstlichen Magenöffnung am Menschen durch Gastrotomie.

Fenger’s operation.

GMN 3452 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/5572

1855 BERNARD, Claude (1813 – 1878)

Sur le mécanisme de la formation du sucre dans le foie.

The culmination of Bernard’s work on the glycogenic function of the liver. He invented the term “internal secretion” and can be said to have started the scientific investigation of the internal secretions, although fo…

GMN 1000 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/763

1855 BERGERON, Étienne Jules (1817 – 1900)

Note sur l’emploi du chlorate de potasse dans le traitement de la stomatite ulcéreuse.

Classic description of ulcero-membranous stomatitis and its treatment.

GMN 3453 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/5577

1856 BERNARD, Claude (1813 – 1878)

Mémoire sur le pancréas et sur le rôle du sue pancréatique dans les phénomènes digestifs.

The most beautifully illustrated of all Bernard’s writings, which summed up the results of his work on the role of the pancreas in digestion. English translation as Memoir on the pancreas, and on the role of pancreati…

GMN 1000.1 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/764

1857 –1863 CORVISART, François Remy Lucien (1824 – 1882)

Sur une fonction peu connue du pancréas. La digestion des aliments azotés. 10 pts.

Corvisart showed that pancreatic proteolysis takes place at body temperature, in acid, alkaline, or neutral media.

GMN 1001 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/772

1857 BRINTON, William (1823 – 1867)

On the pathology, symptoms, and treatment of ulcer of the stomach.

A comprehensive account of peptic (duodenal) ulcer; includes a review of the results of more than 7,000 post mortems.

GMN 3454 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/5579

1857 MALMSTEN, Pehr Henrik (1811 – 1883)

Infusorier, sasom intestinaldjur hos menniskan.

Discovery of Balantidium coli, the first parasitic protozoon to be discovered and recognized as such. German translation in Virchows Arch. path. Anat., 1857, 12, 302-09. English translation in Kean et al. (No. 2268.1).

GMN 3455 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/5581

1858 BERNARD, Claude (1813 – 1878)

Nouvelles recherches expérimentales sur les phénomènes glycogéniques du foie.

Isolation of glycogen. See also C. R. Acad. Sci. (Paris), 1857, 44, 578-86, 1325-31.

GMN 999.1 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/759

1858 FORSTER, John Cooper (1824 – 1896)

Description of the operation of gastrotomy.

First gastrostomy in Britain.

GMN 3457 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/5588

1859 SAPPEY, Marie Philibert Constant (1810 – 1896)

Mémoire sur un point d’anatomie pathologique relatif à l’histoire de la cirrhose.

“Sappey’s veins” in the falciform ligament of the liver.

GMN 1002 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/778

1859 BRINTON, William (1823 – 1867)

The diseases of the stomach.

Includes (pp. 310-31) original description of linitis plastica (“Brinton’s disease”). Brinton lectured on physiology and forensic medicine at St. Thomas’s Hospital.

GMN 3458 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/5591

1859 MIDDELDORPF, Albrecht Theodor (1824 – 1868)

Commentatio de fistulis ventriculi externis et chirurgica earum sanatione.

First operation for gastric fistula.

GMN 3459 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/5593

1861 BRÜCKE, Ernst Wilhelm von (1819 – 1892)

Beiträge zur Lehre von der Verdauung.

GMN 1003 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/784

1861 FRERICHS, Friedrich Theodor von (1819 – 1885)

Klinik der Leberkrankheiten. Bd. 2.

Pp. 62-64: First description of progressive familial hepatolenticular degeneration (“Kinnier Wilson’s disease”; see No. 4717).

GMN 4693 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/978

1862 DANILEVSKY, Aleksandr Yakolevich (1838 – 1923)

Ueber specifisch wirkende Körper des natürlichen und künstlichen pancreatischen Saftes.

Discovery of trypsin.

GMN 1004 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/800

1862 FLINT (YOUNGER), Austin (1836 – 1915)

Experimental researches into a new excretory function of the liver, consisting in the removal of cholesterine from the blood and its discharge from the body in the form of stercorine.

Discovery, in the feces, of “stercorine” (coprosterol).

GMN 1005 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/805

1863 AUERBACH, Leopold (1828 – 1897)

Ueber einen Plexus gangliosus myogastricus.

Auerbach’s plexus and ganglion. See also his book Ueber einen Plexus myentericus, Breslau, Morgenstern, 1862.

GMN 1006 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/808

1864 KRAUSS, Julius (1841 – )

Das perforirende Geschwür im Duodenum.

The first comprehensive study of duodenal ulcer. Commercial edition, Berlin: A. Hirschwald, 1865. Digital facsimile of the 1864 edition from the Bayerische Staatsbibliothek at this link. Digital facsimile of the 1865 …

GMN 3461 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/5600

1865 THIRY, Ludwig (1817 – 1897)

Ueber eine neue Methode den Dünndarm zu isolieren.

Thiry-Vella fistula. See also No. 1014.

GMN 1007 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/811

1867 BRINTON, William (1823 – 1867)

Intestinal obstruction.

GMN 3462 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/5605

1868 HEIDENHAIN, Rudolf Peter Heinrich (1834 – 1897)

Beiträge zur Lehre von der Speichelsecretion.

GMN 1008 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/816

1869 LANGERHANS, Paul (1847 – 1888)

Beiträge zur mikroskopischen Anatomie der Bauchspeicheldrüse. Inaugural-Dissertation.

First account of the islets of Langerhans. In 1893 Édouard Laguesse attached the name of Langerhans to the structures. Langerhans did not suggest any function for them. The book was reprinted with an English translati…

GMN 1009 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/821

1869 KUSSMAUL, Adolf (1822 – 1902)

Ueber die Behandlung der Magenerweiterung durch eine neue Methode (mittelst der Magenpumpe).

In 1867 Kussmaul used the stomach pump for gastric dilatation due to pyloric obstruction. Although his advocacy of gastric lavage established this method of treatment in medical practice, the instrument had already be…

GMN 3463 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/5607

1870 –1871 ANNANDALE, Thomas (1839 – 1908)

Case in which an intestinal obstruction was removed by the operation of gastrotomy.

GMN 3463.1 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/5609

1870 MAURY, Frank Fontaine (1840 – 1879)

Case of stricture of the oesophagus in which gastrotomy was performed.

First gastrostomy for obstruction of the esophagus performed in America.

GMN 3464 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/5613

1871 PACHOUTINE, Victor Vasilyevich (Paschutin) (1845 – 1901)

Einige Versuche mit Fermenten, welche Stärke und Rohrzucker in Traubenzucker verwandeln.

GMN 1010 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/824

1872 HEIDENHAIN, Rudolf Peter Heinrich (1834 – 1897)

Ueber die Wirkung einiger Gifte auf die Nerven der glandula submaxillaris.

Study of the effect of poisons on the nerves of the submaxillary gland.

GMN 1011 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/829

1874 –1877 KÜHNE, Wilhelm Friedrich (1837 – 1900)

Ueber das Trypsin.

Isolation of trypsin.

GMN 1012 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/838

1874 HUTCHINSON, Sir Jonathan (1828 – 1913)

A successful case of abdominal section for intussusception.

In 1871 Hutchinson was the first successfully to operate on a case of intussusception in a two year-old infant. Preliminary account in Med. chir. Trans., 1876, 41 (2nd ser.), 99-102.

GMN 3466 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/8226

1875 JONES, Sydney (1831 – 1913)

Gastrostomy for stricture (cancerous?) of oesophagus; death from bronchitis forty days after operation.

Successful human gastrostomy by the older (Sédillot’s) method. Reported by S. Osborne.

GMN 3467 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/5623

1876 GUSSENBAUER, Carl (1842 – 1903); WINIWARTER, Alexander von (1848 – 1917)

Die partielle Magenresektion; eine experimentelle operative Studie.

A practical method for excision of the pylorus, as demonstrated in dogs, was published by these two assistants of Billroth.

GMN 3467.1 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/5627

1876 VERNEUIL, Aristide Auguste Stanislaus (1823 – 1895)

Observation de gastro-stomie pratiquée avec succès pour un rétrécissement cicatriciel infranchissable de l’oesophage.

Verneuil’s gastrostomy operation, a modification of Sédillot’s method.

GMN 3468 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/5629

1878 HEIDENHAIN, Rudolf Peter Heinrich (1834 – 1897)

Ueber die Pepsinbildung in den Pylorusdrusen.

Heidenhain pouch.

GMN 1012.1 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/846

1878 –1879 LINDSTEDT, Adolf Fredrik (1847 – 1915); WALDENSTRÖM, Johan Anton (1839 – 1879)

Volvulus flexurae sigmoideae coli – Laparo-colotomia – Helsa.

First recorded operation for volvulus.

GMN 3469 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/5636