1915 CANNON, Walter Bradford (1871 – 1945); ET AL

Experimental hyperthyroidism.

First successful experimental production of exophthalmic goitre. With C. A. L. Binger and R. Fitz.

GMN 3848 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/4878

1916 LOEB, Leo (1869 – 1959); LATHROP, Abbie E. C. (1868 – 1918)

Further investigations on the origin of tumours in mice. III. On the part played by internal secretion in the spontaneous development of tumours.

Demonstration of the influence of an internal secretion on the development of spontaneous cancer. Castration of female mice of a strain in which mammary cancer was frequent reduced its incidence and delayed its growth.

GMN 2642 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/3268

1916 ERDHEIM, Jakob (1874 – 1937)

Nanosomia pituitaria

Erdheim made important studies on the pathology of the pituitary. He gave the name “nanosomia pituitaria” to describe pituitary dwarfism. See also his paper in Ergebn. allg. Path, 1926, 21, 482.

GMN 3902 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/4975

1918 ZONDEK, Hermann (1887 – 1979)

Das Myxödemherz

First systematic study of the characteristic changes of the heart in myxedema.

GMN 3849 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/4880

1919 DUNHILL, Sir Thomas Peel (1876 – 1957)

Some considerations on the operation for exophthalmic goitre.

Dunhill’s operation of exophthalmic goitre is described above. He was a pioneer in thyroid surgery.

GMN 3849.1 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/4881

1919 –1920 GOETSCH, Emil (1883 – 1963)

Epinephrin hypersensitiveness test in the diagnosis of hyperthyroidism.

Goetsch devised a skin reaction test for use in the diagnosis of hyperthyroidism

GMN 3850 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/4883

1920 STEINACH, Eugen (1861 – 1944)

Verjüngung durch experimentelle Neubelebung der alternden Pubertätsdrüse

Steinach rejuvenation operation, ligation of the vas deferens, later discredited.

GMN 3796 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/4734

1921 EVANS, Herbert McLean (1882 – 1971); LONG, Joseph Abraham (1879 – 1953)

The effect of the anterior lobe administered intraperitoneally upon growth, maturity and oestrus cycles of the rat.

Evans and Long discovered the growth hormone of the anterior pituitary, showing that continued injections of an anterior pituitary extract produced an acceleration in the growth-rate of laboratory animals.

GMN 1163 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/1531

1921 ACHARD, Émile Charles (1860 – 1944); THIERS, Joseph (1885 – )

La virilisme pilaire et son association à l’insuffisance glycolytique (Diabète des femmes à barbe).

“Achard–Thiers syndrome”. These writers established as a definite syndrome the combination of hirsutism with diabetes.

GMN 3870 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/4923

1922 –1923 ABEL, John Jacob (1857 – 1938); ROUILLER, Charles August (1883 – )

Evaluation of the hormone of the infundibulum of the pituitary gland in terms of histamine, with experiments on the action of repeated injections of the hormone on the blood pressure.

GMN 1164 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/1535

1922 –1924 BARKER, Lewellys Franklin (1867 – 1943)

Endocrinology and metabolism presented in their scientific and practical clinical aspects by ninety-eight contributors. 5 vols.

GMN 3798 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/4745

1922 LABBÉ, Ernest Marcel (1870 – 1939); ET AL

Crises solaires et hypertension paroxystique en rapport avec une tumeur surrénale.

First full description of chromaffin cell tumors of the adrenal medulla. With J. Tinel and E. Doumer.

GMN 3871 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/4924

1922 –1933 SUDHOFF, Karl Friedrich Jakob (1853 – 1938); PARACELSUS, [Philippus Aureolus Theophrastus Bombastus von Hohenheim] (1493 – 1541); MATTHIESSEN, Wilhelm (1891 – 1965)

Paracelsus: Sämtliche Werke…Herausg. von K. Sudhoff und W. Mathiessen. 14 vols.

Paracelsus was first to write on miners’ diseases, the first to establish the relationship between cretinism and endemic goitre and to note the geographic differences in diseases. Sudhoff was the author of what remain…

GMN 57 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/8775

1923 HUNT, Reid (1870 – 1948)

The acetonitril test for thyroid and of some alterations of metabolism.

The acetonitril test was introduced by Hunt in 1905 (J. biol. Chem., 1, 33) and later modified by him. It shows the activity of thyroid preparations to be proportional to their iodine content.

GMN 1134 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/1320

1923 HANSON, Adolph Melanchton (1888 – 1959)

An elementary chemical study of the parathyroid glands of cattle.

Hanson isolated the first really potent parathyroid extract.

GMN 1135 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/1322

1923 VORONOFF, Serge (1866 – 1951)

Greffes testiculaires

Voronoff first reported his controversial experimental rejuvenation by means of testicular transplants in 1919.

GMN 3797 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/4738

1924 BOOTHBY, Walter Meredith (1880 – 1953); PLUMMER, Henry Stanley (1874 – 1937)

The value of iodine in exophthalmic goitre.

Plummer and Boothby recommended the pre-operative administration of iodine in exophthalmic goitre.

GMN 3851 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/4885

1925 COLLIP, James Bertram (1892 – 1965)

The extraction of a parathyroid hormone which will prevent or control parathyroid tetany and which regulates the level of blood calcium.

Isolation of parathormone, the active principle of the parathyroids. Collip’s “parathormone”. He showed that it raises the calcium level in para-thyroidectomized dogs.

GMN 1136 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/1325

1925 COLLIP, James Bertram (1892 – 1965); LEITCH, Douglas Burrows (1888 – 1974)

A case of tetany treated with parathyrin.

First use of parathyroid hormone in the treatment of tetany.

GMN 3862 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/3598

1925 MANDL, Felix (1892 – 1957)

Therapeutischer Versuch bei Ostitis fibrosa generalisata mittels Exstirpation eines Epithelkörperchentumors.

Mandl was the first successfully to treat generalized osteitis fibrosa by extirpation of a parathyroid tumor.

GMN 3863 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/4913

1925 HOLMES, Sir Gordon Morgan (1876 – 1965)

A case of virilism associated with a suprarenal tumour: recovery after its removal.

Records the first removal (by P. Sargent) of an adrenal cortical tumor. This was followed by disappearance of the heterosexual symptoms, thus establishing the relationship of sexual abnormality and adrenal tumors.

GMN 3872 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/4926

1926 HARINGTON, Sir Charles Robert (1897 – 1972)

Chemistry of thyroxine I.

Harington showed that thyroxine is a derivative of tyrosine, and he gave its formula as C15H11O4NI4.

GMN 1137 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/1329

1926 CUSHING, Harvey Williams (1869 – 1939)

Studies in intracranial physiology & surgery. The third circulation. The hypophysis. The gliomas. The Cameron Prize Lectures delivered at the University of Edinburgh October 19, 20, 22, 1925.

This series of three lectures was an analytical review by Cushing of the three main categories of scientific work that he had accomplished during the previous 25 years. Remarkably, Cushing completed this review and de…

GMN 14313 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/16638

1927 SMITH, Philip Edward (1884 – 1970); ENGLE, Earl Theron (1896 – 1957)

Experimental evidence regarding the rôle of the anterior pituitary in the development and regulation of the genital system.

Pituitary tissue implanted in the immature mouse was found by these writers to cause precocious sexual maturity. Thus they showed that the activity of the gonads is maintained by the anterior lobe of the pituitary.

GMN 1167 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/1546

1927 MAYO, Charles Horace (1865 – 1939)

Paroxysmal hypertension with tumor of retroperitoneal nerve. Report of a case.

First resection of a pheochromocytoma in America, and the second in the world, by the co-founder of the Mayo Clinic. In 1926 César Roux of Lausanne did the first resection of this rare type of tumor.

GMN 12266 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/14483

1928 KAMM, Oliver (1888 – 1965); ET AL

The active principles of the posterior lobe of the pituitary gland. I. The demonstration of the presence of two active principles. II. The separation of the two principles and their concentration in the form of potent solid preparations.

Isolation of vasopressin and oxytocin. With T. B. Aldrich, I. W. Grote, L. W. Rowe, and E. P. Bugbee.

GMN 1168.1 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/1554

1929 –1934 TRENDELENBURG, Paul (1884 – 1931)

Die Hormone; ihre Physiologie und Pharmakologie. 2 vols.

GMN 1125 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/1245

1929 LOEB, Leo (1869 – 1959); BASSETT, R. B.

Effect of hormones of anterior pituitary on thyroid gland in the guinea pig.

Loeb and Aron (No.1138.2) demonstrated the thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) in the anterior pituitary.

GMN 1138.01 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/1342

1929 ARON, Max Raymond Emile (1892 – 1974)

Action de la préhypophyse sur le thyroïde chez le cobaye.

Simultaneously with Loeb (No. 1138.1) Aron demonstrated the thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) in the anterior pituitary.

GMN 1138.02 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/1345

1929 ROGOFF, Julius Moses (1883 – 1966); STEWART, George Neil (1860 – 1930)

Suprarenal cortical extracts in suprarenal insufficiency (Addison’s disease).

Rogoff and Stewart were the first to use adrenal cortical extract (“inter-renalin”) in the treatment of adrenal insufficiency. See also No. 1148.

GMN 3873 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/4928

1929 MORQUIO, Luis (1867 – 1935)

Sur une forme de dystrophie osseuse familiale.

“Morquio’s disease”, eccentro-osteochondrodysplasia.

GMN 4397 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/5998

1929 FRANK, Robert Tilden (1875 – 1949)

The female sex hormone. Part I: Biology, pharmacology and chemistry. Part II: Clinical investigations based on the female sex hormone blood test.

The first handbook on female sex hormones. Digital facsimile from the Hathi Trust at this link.

GMN 7186 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/9353

1930 HOUSSAY, Bernardo Alberto (1887 – 1971); BIASOTTI, Alfredo Benito (1903 – 1991)

La diabetes pancreática de los perros hipofisoprivos.

Houssay’s depancreatized hypophysectomized dog. This work led to Houssay’s demonstration of the importance of the anterior pituitary in sugar metabolism. See also Endocrinology, 1931,15, 511-23. In 1947 Houssay shared…

GMN 1169 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/1562

1931 CUTLER, Max (1899 – 1984)

The cause of “painful breasts” and treatment by means of ovarian residue.

Cutler was the first to employ ovarian hormone systematically in the treatment of chronic mastitis.

GMN 5785 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/6843

1932 JOLL, Cecil Augustus (1885 – 1945)

Diseases of the thyroid gland, with special reference to thyrotoxicosis.

Second edition, 1951. Joll was a pioneer in the treatment of thyrotoxicosis by means of subtotal thyroidectomy.

GMN 3852 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/4887

1932 PFIFFNER, Joseph John (1903 – 1975); SWINGLE, Wilbur Willis (1891 – 1975)

The adrenal cortical hormone.

The cortical hormone prepared by Swingle and Pfiffner (“eschatin”) was found to be very effective in the treatment of Addison’s disease. Their first paper on the subject appeared in Science, 1930, 71, 321.

GMN 3874 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/4930

1932 ATKINSON, Frederick Richard Breeks (1867 – 1939)

Acromegaly.

An extensive analytical tabulation of acromegaly; 1,319 cases are reported.

GMN 3903 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/4976

1932 CUSHING, Harvey Williams (1869 – 1939)

The basophil adenomas of the pituitary body and their clinical manifestations (pituitary basophilism).

“Cushing’s syndrome”.

GMN 3904 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/4978

1932 LACASSAGNE, Antoine Marcellin Bernard (1884 – 1971)

Apparition de cancers de la mamelle chez la souris mâle, soumise à des injections de folliculine.

Demonstration of the carcinogenic effect of ovarian hormone.

GMN 2657 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/6852

1932 AHUMADA SOTOMAYOR, Juan Carlos (1890 – 1976); DEL CASTILLO, Enrique Benjamin (1897 – 1969)

Sobre in caso de galactorrea y amenorrea.

Ahumada-Del Castillo syndrome: galactorrhoea-amenorrhoea not associated with pregnancy; oestrogen deficiency and decreased urinary gonadotropin levels.

GMN 13289 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/15555

1933 RIDDLE, Oscar (1877 – 1968); ET AL

The preparation, identification and assay of prolactin – a hormone of the anterior pituitary.

With R. W. Bates and S. W. Dykshorn.

GMN 1171 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/1570

1933 BLUMGART, Hermann Ludwig (1895 – 1977); LEVINE, Samuel Albert (1891 – 1966); ET AL

Congestive heart failure and angina pectoris: The therapeutic effect of thyroidectomy on patients without clinical or pathologic evidence of thyroid toxicity.

Thyroidectomy for congestive heart failure and angina pectoris. With D. D. Berlin.

GMN 2899 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/4387

1933 BROSTER, Lennox Ross (1889 – 1965); VINES, Howard William Copland (1893 – )

The adrenal cortex; a surgical and pathological study.

Includes the demonstration, by Vines, of virilism with the aid of a new stain; cortical cells of the adrenals removed at operation stained an abnormal (red) color – the so-called Ponceau fuchsin stain.

GMN 3875 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/4932

1936 –1939 VAN DYKE, Harry Benjamin (1895 – 1971)

The physiology and pharmacology of the pituitary body. 2 vols.

Includes an extensive bibliography.

GMN 1172 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/1574

1936 INGRAM, Walter Robinson (1905 – 1978); ET AL

Experimental diabetes insipidus in the monkey.

With C. Fisher and S. W. Ransom.

GMN 3905 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/4981

1936 ROLLESTON, Sir Humphrey Davy (1862 – 1944)

The endocrine organs in health and disease. With an historical review.

"As a history of the subject, this work is unsurpassed in detail and accuracy" (L.T. Morton).

GMN 3909 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/5000

1936 LOEWI, Otto (1873 – 1961)

Quantitative und qualitative Untersuchungen über den Sympathicusstoff*. Zugleich XIV. Mitteilung über humorale Übertragung der Herznervenwirkung Ausgeführt mit Unterstützung der -Stiftung.

In this paper Loewi proved that the cardioexcitatory neurotransmitter of the sympathetic nerves is adrenaline, or actually noradrenaline.

GMN 7346 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/9518

1937 YOUNG, Hugh Hampton (1870 – 1945)

Genital abnormalities, hermaphroditism and related adrenal diseases.

GMN 3876 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/4934

1937 SHEEHAN, Harold Leeming (1900 – 1988)

Post-partum necrosis of the anterior pituitary.

Sheehan’s syndrome – panhypopituitarism due to pituitary necrosis following post-partum hemorrhage.

GMN 3907.1 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/4985

1937 ALBRIGHT, Fuller (1900 – 1969)

Syndrome characterized by osteitis fibrosa disseminata, areas of pigmentation and endocrine dysfunction, with precocious puberty in females. Report of five cases.

“Albright’s syndrome”. With A. M. Butler, A. O. Hampton, and P. Smith.

GMN 4401 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/6037