1938 DODDS, Sir Edward Charles (1899 – 1973); ROBINSON, Sir Robert (1886 – 1975); ET AL
The oestrogenic activity of certain synthetic compounds.
Introduction of stilboestrol, the first synthetic estrogen. With L. Gol[d]berg, W. Lawson,
GMN 3799 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/4748
1938 DODDS, Sir Edward Charles (1899 – 1973); ROBINSON, Sir Robert (1886 – 1975)
Oestrogenic activity of alkylated stilboestrols.
Introduction of dienoestrol. With L. Gol[d]berg, W. Lawson.
GMN 3800 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/4755
1938 CAMPBELL, N. R.
Oestrogenic activity of anol; a highly active phenol isolated from the byproducts.
Isolation of hexoestrol. With E. C. Dodds and W. Lawson.
GMN 3801 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/4757
1938 TURNER, Henry Hubert (1892 – 1970)
A syndrome of infantilism, congenital webbed neck, and cubitus valgus.
“Turner’s syndrome”.
GMN 3801.1 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/4762
1939 GOLDZIEHER, Maximilian A. (1883 – 1969)
The endocrine glands
Goldzieher dealt very fully with the history, theory, and practice of endocrinology.
GMN 3802 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/4765
1939 MACPHERSON, Archibald Ian Stewart; ROBERTSON, Edwin Moody (1902 – 1977)
Clinical use of triphenylchlorethylene.
GMN 3803 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/4769
1939 THORN, George Widmer (1906 – 2004); ET AL
Treatment of adrenal insufficiency by means of subcutaneous implants of pellets of desoxycorticosterone acetate (a synthetic adrenal cortical hormone).
With L. L. Engel and H. Eisenberg. For treatment of Addison’s disease by the same method, see the same journal, pp. 339-65.
GMN 3877 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/4936
1939 BIGGART, Sir John Henry (1905 – 1979); ALEXANDER, George Lionel (1902 – 1970)
Experimental diabetes insipidus.
Production of diabetes insipidus in dogs by injury to the hypothalamus.
GMN 3907 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/4983
1942 KLINEFELTER, Harry Fitch Jr. (1912 – 1990)
Syndrome characterized by gynecomastia, aspermatogenesis without A-Leydigism, and increased excretion of follicle-stimulating hormone.
Klinefelter syndrome. With E. C. Reifenstein and F. Albright.
GMN 3804 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/4773
1942 HERTZ, Saul (1905 – 1950); ROBERTS, A
Application of radioactive iodine in therapy of Graves’s disease.
GMN 3853 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/4889
1943 ASTWOOD, Edwin Bennett (1909 – 1976)
Treatment of hyperthyroidism with thiourea and thiouracil.
Astwood was the first to treat human cases of hyperthyroidism with thiourea and thiouracil.
GMN 3854 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/4891
1945 EVANS, Herbert McLean (1882 – 1971); LI, Choh Hao (1913 – 1987); SIMPSON, Miriam Elizabeth (1894 – 1991)
Isolation and properties of the anterior hypophyseal growth hormone.
Choh Hao Li and colleagues isolated the anterior pituitary growth hormone.
GMN 1175.1 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/1585
1945 ASTWOOD, Edwin Bennett (1909 – 1976)
Some observations on the use of thiobarbital as an antithyroid agent in the treatment of Graves’s disease.
Clinical introduction of thiobarbital.
GMN 3855 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/4893
1945 ROTH, Grace M. (1894 – 1982); KVALE, Walter Frederick (1907 – 1970)
A tentative test for pheochromocytoma.
The Roth–Kvale histamine test for the diagnosis of pheochromocytoma.
GMN 3869 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/4921
1945 LIPMANN, Fritz Albert (1899 – 1986)
Acetylation of sulfanilamide by liver homogenates and extracts.
Discovery of co-enzyme A and its importance for intermediary metabolism. This discovery illuminated “the process by which cells make available the energy to drive their manufacturing processes” (Judson, p. 245). In 19…
GMN 14284 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/16607
1946 SEIDLIN, Samuel M. (1895 – 1955); MARINELLI, Leonidas D. (1906 – 1974); OSHRY, Eleanor
Radioactive iodine therapy: Effect on functioning metastases of adenocarcinoma of the thyroid.
Seidlin and Marinelli described the first successful treatment of a patient with thyroid cancer metastases using radioiodine (I-131). This paper demonstrated the potential of nuclear medicine as a medical specialty.
GMN 9338 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/11520
1947 GALLI MAININI, Carlos (1914 – 1961)
Reacción diagnóstica del embarazo en la que se usa el sapo macho como animal reactivo.
Male toad test. An English account is in J. clin. Endocr., 1947, 7, 653-58.
GMN 6234 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/7868
1948 KINSELL, Laurence Wilkie (1907 – 1968); ET AL
Studies in growth. I. Interrelationship between pituitary growth factor and growth-promoting androgens in acromegaly and gigantism. II. Quantitative evaluation of bone and soft tissue growth in acromegaly and gigantism.
L. W. Kinsell, G. D. Michaels, C. H. Li, and W. E. Larsen showed that there is an increase in growth hormone in plasma in acromegaly.
GMN 3908 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/4987
1949 EVANS, Herbert McLean (1882 – 1971); LI, Choh Hao (1913 – 1987); SIMPSON, Miriam Elizabeth (1894 – 1991)
Isolation of pituitary follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH).
By Choh Hao Li and colleagues.
GMN 1175.2 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/1588
1949 JONES, Reuben G.
Imidazoles. IV. The synthesis and antithyroid activity of some 1-substituted-2-mercaptoimidazoles.
Synthesis of methimazole (mercazole, thiamazole), an antithyroid drug more potent than methylthiouracil. With E. C. Kornfeld, K. C. McLaughlin, and R. C. Anderson.
GMN 3855.1 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/4894
1950 WILKINS, Lawson (1894 – 1963)
The diagnosis and treatment of endocrine disorders in childhood and adolescence.
The first textbook of pediatric endocrinology.
GMN 12821 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/15067
1951 LAWSON, Alexander
Antithyroid activity of 2-carbethoxythio-1-methylglyoxaline.
Synthesis of Carbimazole. With C. Rimington and C. E. Searle. For clinical application see Lancet, 1951, 2, 621.
GMN 3855.2 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/4896
1953 GROSS, Jack (1921 – 1994); PITT-RIVERS, Rosalind Venetia Lane Fox (1907 – 1990)
3:5:3'-Triiodothyronine. I. Isolation from thyroid gland and synthesis.
Discovery of the second thyroid hormone, triiodothyronine. Digital facsimile from PubMedCentral at this link.
GMN 1138.1 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/1350
1953 LUFT, Rolf (1914 – 2007); OLIVECRONA, Herbert (1891 – 1980)
Experience with hypophysectomy in man.
Demonstration of the beneficial effect of hypophysectomy in cancer of the breast and of the testis.
GMN 3908.1 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/4996
1955 CONN, Jerome W. (1907 – 1994)
Primary aldosteronism, a new clinical syndrome.
Primary aldosteronism (“Conn’s syndrome”).
GMN 3877.1 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/4937
1956 ROITT, Ivan Maurice (1927 – ); DONIACH, Deborah (1912 – 2004); ET AL
Autoantibodies in Hashimoto’s disease (lymphadenoid goitre).
Demonstration of autoantibodies. With P. N. Campbell, and R. V. Hudson.
GMN 2578.19 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/4226
1956 WITEBSKY, Ernest (1901 – 1969); ROSE, Noel Richard (1927 – 2020)
Studies on organ specificity. IV. Production of rabbit thyroid antibodies in the rabbit.
Autoimmune thyroiditis
GMN 2578.20 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/4230
1957 WITEBSKY, Ernest (1901 – 1969); ROSE, Noel Richard (1927 – 2020); ET AL
Chronic thyroiditis and autoimmunization.
"Witebsky helped develop procedures for the isolation and partial characterization of A and B blood antigens. He also began the practice of neutralization of certain antibodies in the blood of universal blood donors. …
GMN 13471 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/15745
1960 YALOW, Rosalyn Sussman (1921 – 2011); BERSON, Solomon Aaron (1918 – 1972)
Immunosassay of endogenous plasma insulin in man.
First radioimmunoassay of a hormone, a test capable of estimating nonogram or even picogram quantities. In 1977 Yalow received half of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine "for the development of radioimmunoassay…
GMN 2578.28 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/4257
1962 COPP, Douglas Harold (1915 – 1998); ET AL
Evidence for calcitonin – a new hormone from the parathyroid that lowers blood calcium.
With E. C. Cameron, B. A. Cheney, A. G. F. Davidson, and K. G. Henze.
GMN 1138.2 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/1351
1964 NYHAN, William Leo (1926 – ); LESCH, Michael (1939 – 2008)
A familial disorder of uric acid metabolism and central nervous system dysfunction.
Lesch-Nyhan syndrome, a rare inherited disorder that affects about 1 in 380,000 live births. In their summary the authors described this as a new "syndrome consisting of hyperuricemia, mental retardation, choreoatheto…
GMN 14197 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/16513
1967 SEEGMILLER, Jarvis Edwin (1920 – 2006); ROSENBLOOM, F. M.; KELLY, W. N.
Enzyme defect associated with a sex-linked human neurological disorder and excessive purine synthesis.
Jay Seegmiller and his colleagues at NIH discovered that the rare genetic disease, Lesch–Nyhan syndrome, was due to a profound deficiency of an enzyme known as hypoxanthine guanine phosphoribosyltransferase, or HGPRT.…
GMN 14198 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/16514
1970 BURGUS, Roger Cecil (1934 – ); DUNN, Thomas F.; DESIDERIO, Dominic; GUILLEMIN, Roger (1924 – 2024)
Characterization of ovine hypothalamic hypophysiotropic TSH-releasing factor.
Working with sheep preparations, the authors determined that the molecular structure of TRF (thyroid releasing hormone), is 2-pyrrolidone-5-carboxylyl-histidyl-L-proline amide. On page 324, they showed the molecular s…
GMN 14232 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/16550
1971 MERKE, Franz (1893 – 1975)
Geschichte und Ikonographie des endemischen Kropfes und Kretinismus.
A superbly produced and illustrated work, with tipped-in color plates. English translation, Bern: H. Huber, 1984.
GMN 3911 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/5005
1971 VANE, Sir John Robert (1927 – 2004)
Inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis as a mechanism of action for aspirin-like drugs.
In 1982 Vane shared the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine with Sune Bergström and Bengt Samuelsson for "their discoveries concerning prostaglandins and related biologically active substances."
GMN 13958 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/16259
1971 SCHALLY, Andrzej Viktor "Andrew" (1926 – ); BABA, Yoshihiko; MATSUO, Hisayuki (1928 – 2022)
Structure of the porcine LH-and FSH-releasing hormone. II. Confirmation of the proposed structure by conventional sequential analyses.
Publication in May 1971: Working with pig preparations, the authors reinvestigated the peptide that they had previously isolated, which acted as an LH-FSH releasing hormone. They performed an Edman-dansyl degradation …
GMN 14231 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/16549
1975 –1978 MEITES, Joseph (1913 – 2005); DONOVAN, B. T.; MCCANN, Samuel McDonald (1925 – 2007)
Pioneers in neuroendocrinology. 2 vols.,
GMN 3911.1 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/5007
1982 MEDVEI, Victor Cornelius (1905 – 2000)
A history of endocrinology.
A detailed illustrated history, tracing the development of knowledge from ancient times to the present. Includes biographical notes on the important pioneers in the field and chronological tables. Revised and updated …
GMN 3910 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/5003
1988 MCCANN, Samuel McDonald (1925 – 2007)
Endocrinology: people and ideas.
Thematic historical essays written by pioneers in the field, edited by McCann.
GMN 3911.2 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/5010
1990 WELBOURNE, Richard Burkewood (1919 – 2005)
The history of endocrine surgery.
With Friesen, Stanley R.; Johnston, Ivan D.A.; and Sellwood, Ronald A.
GMN 9534 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/11720
1994 FRIEDMAN, Jeffrey M. (1954 – ); ZHANG, Yiying
Positional cloning of the mouse obese gene and its human homologue.
Discovery of the hormone leptin and its role in regulating body weight. Friedman and associates subsequently found that injections of the encoded protein, leptin, decrease body weight of mice by reducing food intake a…
GMN 7066 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/9233
1994 OUDSHOORN, Nelly E. J. (1950 – )
Beyond the natural body. An archeology of sex hormones.
GMN 7187 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/9354
1995 BETTENDORF, Gerhard (1926 – 2009)
Zur Geschichte der Endokrinologie und Reproduktionsmedizin. 256 Biographien und Berichte.
GMN 12837 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/15083
1996 BETTENDORF, Gerhard (1926 – 2009)
Geschichte der Hypophysenhormone.
GMN 12838 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/15084
2013 HOFFMAN, Brian Benjamin
Adrenaline.
A history and survey.
GMN 14353 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/16683
2016 LORIAUX, D. Lynn
A biographical history of endocrinology.
GMN 10185 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/12374
