1821 ITARD, Jean Marie Gaspard (1774 – 1838)
Traité des maladies de l’oreille et de l’audition. 2 vols.
First of the modern textbooks on diseases of the ear, this work did much to establish otology on a firm basis. Itard described startle tests for the hearing of children and malingerers, and he developed an acumeter.
GMN 3364 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/4749
1846 SCHMALZ, Eduard (1801 – 1871)
Erfahrungen über die Krankheiten des Gehöres und ihre Heilung.
Schmalz demonstrated the clinical significance of Weber’s hearing test (see No. 3368). He was a student of Weber.
GMN 3368.1 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/4760
1849 SCHMALZ, Eduard (1801 – 1871)
Mémoire sur l’emploi de la fourchette tonique ou du diapason, pour distinguer une dureté d’ouïe nerveuse de celle que est causée par une obstruction.
Schwabach’s hearing test (see No. 3389) was earlier employed by Schmalz.
GMN 3368.2 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/4764
1855 RINNE, Friedrich Heinrich (1819 – 1868)
Beiträge zur Physiologie des menschlichen Ohres.
Rinne’s test.
GMN 3370 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/4772
1867 LUCAE, Johann Constantin August (1835 – 1911)
Ueber eine neue Methode zur Untersuchung des Gehörorgans zu physiologischen und diagnostischen Zwecken mit Hülfe des Interferenz Otoscopes.
Lucae described an interference otoscope, precursor of auditory impedance devices.
GMN 3378.2 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/4798
1881 GELLÉ, Marie Ernest (1834 – 1923)
Les lésions nerveuses dans la surdité.
Gellédescribed a test for determination of ossicular fixation.
GMN 3387.3 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/5094
1885 SCHWABACH, Dagobert (1846 – 1920)
Ueber den Werth des Rinne’schen Versuches für die Diagnostik der Gehörkrankheiten.
Schwabach’s hearing test.
GMN 3389 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/5102
1892 GRADENIGO, Giuseppe (1859 – 1926)
Sui caratteri clinici offerti dalle lesioni del nervo acustico.
Gradenigo’s test for tone decay. Translation in Arch. Otol. (N.Y.), 1893, 22, 213-15.
GMN 3394.1 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/5131
1897 –1909 BEZOLD, Friedrich (1842 – 1908)
Ueber die funktionelle Prüfung des menschlichen Gehörorgans. 3 vols.
Bezold introduced important tests for audition.
GMN 3396 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/5139
1906 BÁRÁNY, Robert (1876 – 1936)
Ueber die vom Ohrlabyrinth ausgelöste Gegenrollung der Augen bei Normalhörenden.
Bárány’s caloric test for labyrinthine function.
GMN 3400 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/5156
1910 LOMBARD, Étienne (1869 – 1920)
Contribution à la seméiologie de la surdité; un nouveau signe pour en dévoiler la simulation.
Lombard’s test for simulated unilateral deafness.
GMN 3402.1 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/5173
1944 EWING, Irene Rosetta (1883 – 1959); EWING, Sir Alexander William Gordon (1896 – 1980)
The ascertainment of deafness in infancy and early childhood.
Tests of hearing in children.
GMN 3412.1 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/5226
1946 METZ, Otto (1905 – 1993)
The acoustic impedance measured on normal and pathological ears. Orientating studies on the applicability of impedance measurement.
The modern impedance test was developed by Metz.
GMN 3412.2 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/5229
1954 BOCCA, Ettore (1914 – ); ET AL
A new method for testing hearing in temporal lobe tumours. Preliminary report.
The first tests for disorders of central auditory function were developed by Bocca, C. Calearo, and V. Cassinari.
GMN 3412.6 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/5241
1958 SHEA, John Joseph Jr (1924 – 2015)
Fenestration of the oval window.
Stapedectomy.
GMN 3412.7 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/5243
