1823 PURKYNĔ, Jan Evangelista [PURKINJE] (1787 – 1869)
Commentatio de examine physiologico organi visus et systematis cutanei.
Purkynĕ was first to examine the interior of the human eye and the dog eye, using only a candle and a concave spherical lens. He thus invented the ophthalmoscope three decades before Helmholtz (1851; No. 5866). Reprin…
GMN 1492.1 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/8806
1851 HELMHOLTZ, Hermann Ludwig Ferdinand von (1821 – 1894)
Beschreibung eines Augen-Spiegels zur Untersuchung der Netzhaut im lebenden Auge.
Invention of the ophthalmoscope, one of the greatest events in the history of ophthalmology. English translation by T. H. Shastid, Chicago, Cleveland Press, 1916.
GMN 5866 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/7238
1852 RUETE, Christian Georg Theodor (1810 – 1867)
Der Augenspiegel und des Optometer für practische Aerzte.
Ruete introduced a practical lens system for examining the inverted image, and improved the illumination, producing the first practical ophthalmoscope.
GMN 5866.1 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/7240
1853 TRIGT, Adrien Christophe van (1825 – 1864)
Dissertatio ophthalmologica inauguralis de speculo oculi.
Trigt's thesis contains the first printed illustrations of the fundus of the eye. Digital facsimile from Google Books at this link. The following year Trigt's thesis was translated into German by C. H. Schauenberg as …
GMN 5869.1 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/7258
1854 JONES, Thomas Wharton (1808 – 1891)
Report on the ophthalmoscope.
Jones reported that Charles Babbage (1792-1871), the computer pioneer, had produced a simple ophthalmoscope in 1847. After the success of Helmholtz’s instrument in 1851 (No. 5866) Jones wrote about Babbage’s instrumen…
GMN 5874 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/7269
1858 GRAEFE, Alfred Carl (1830 – 1899)
Klinische Analyse der Motilitätsstörungendes Auges.
Alfred Carl Graefe, cousin of Albrecht, made a careful clinical analysis of disordered movements of the eye. He also invented a special “localization ophthalmoscope”, and, with Saemisch, edited the great Handbuch der …
GMN 5883 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/7286
1863 –1865 JACKSON, John Hughlings (1835 – 1911)
Observations on defects of sight in brain disease.
In this work Jackson showed the importance of the ophthalmoscope in the investigation of diseases of the nervous system. Reprinted in Med. Classics, 1939, 3, 918-26.
GMN 4537 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/8899
1871 ALLBUTT, Sir Thomas Clifford (1836 – 1925)
On the use of the ophthalmoscope in diseases of the nervous system and of the kidneys; also in certain other general disorders.
One of the earliest works on the wider appications of the ophthalmoscope. Digital facsimile from Google Books at this link.
GMN 11545 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/13744
1971 RUCKER, C. Wilbur (1900 – 1991)
A history of the ophthalmoscope.
GMN 6007.1 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/7158
1996 –1997 SCHETT, Alfred
The ophthalmoscope - Der Augenspiegel. Textbook and atlas. 2 vols. Translated by Donald L. Blanchard.
GMN 10850 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/13046
