1885 FREY, Maximilian (Max) Ruppert Franz von (1852 – 1932); GRUBER, Max von (1853 – 1927)

Untersuchungen über den Stoffwechsel isolirte Organe. I. Ein Respirationsapparat für isolirte Organe. II. Versuche über den Stoffwechsel des Muskels.

(Part 1 by Frey & Gruber; Part 2 by Frey.) Frey and Gruber developed the first heart-lung machine. Their machine "consisted of a double-acting pump in the form on an injection syringe with a capacity of 10 ml, which i…

GMN 13907 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/16199

1939 GIBBON, John Heysham Jr. (1903 – 1973)

An oxygenator with a large surface–volume ratio.

First heart–lung machine used successfully on an animal.

GMN 3038.1 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/3454

1954 GIBBON, John Heysham Jr. (1903 – 1973)

Application of a mechanical heart and lung apparatus to cardiac surgery.

First pump oxygenator used on humans. Performed on May 6, 1953, this was the first successful intracardiac operation in a patient with the use of total heart-lung bypass.

GMN 3047.5 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/3564

1955 LILLEHEI, Clarence Walton (1918 – 1999)

Controlled cross circulation for direct-vision intracardiac surgery; correction of ventricular septal defects, atrioventricularis communis, and tetralogy of Fallot.

Controlled cross circulation (human heart–lung “machine”) for intracardiac surgery.

GMN 3047.7 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/3570

1955 KIRKLIN, John Webster (1917 – 2004); ET AL

Intracardiac surgery with the aid of a mechanical pump oxygenator system (Gibbon type): Report of eight cases.

Co-authored with JW Dushane, RT Patrick, DE Donald, PS Hetzel and EH Wood, "Kirklin refined the heart-lung machine (screen type) originally developed by Gibbon, to the point that it allowed the person to receive oxyge…

GMN 10995 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/13191

1962 GALLETTI, Pierre M. (1927 – 1997); BRECHER, Gerhard A.

Heart-lung bypass: Principles and techniques of extracorporeal circulation.

GMN 11602 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/13802