1751 CLEGHORN, George (1716 – 1789)
Observations on the epidemical diseases in Minorca. From the year 1744 to 1749.
Cleghorn left a good account of several diseases and conditions not previously observed, among them epidemic jaundice. He included accounts of many post-mortems. Digital facsimile from the Internet Archive at this link.
GMN 1674 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/2332
1751 BARTRAM, John (1699 – 1777); KALM, Pehr [Pietari; Peter] (1716 – 1779)
Observations on the inhabitants, climate, soil, rivers, productions, animals, and other matter worthy of notice. Made by Mr. John Bartram, in his travels from Pensilvania to Onondago, Oswego and the Lake Ontario, in Canada. To which is annex'd, a curious account of the cataracts at Niagara, by Mr. Peter Kalm....
Digital facsimile from Biodiversity Heritage Library at this link.
GMN 7677 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/9849
1751 –1752 LA CONDAMINE, Charles Marie de (1701 – 1774)
Journal du voyage fait par ordre du Roi, a l'équateur, servant d'introduction historique a la mesure des trois premiers degrés du méridien. Supplément au Journal historique du voyage a l'Équateur: et au livre de la Mesure des trois premiers degrés du méridien, servant de réponse à quelques objections. 2 vols.
La Condamine's journal of his ten year long voyage to South America, the scientific results of which included proof that the earth is a spheroid flattened at the poles. Other scientific observations including botanica…
GMN 12873 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/15120
1753 –1761 KALM, Pehr [Pietari; Peter] (1716 – 1779)
En Resa til Norra America. 2 vols.
Between 1748 and 1749, Kalm, a Swedish naturalist and student of Linnaeus, traveled throughout northeast America, specifically in Pennsylvania, Delaware, New Jersey, New York, and Canada, surveying the countryside, an…
GMN 9923 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/12111
1754 FRANKLIN, Benjamin (1706 – 1790)
Some account of the Pennsylvania Hospital, from its first rise, to the beginning of the fifth month, called May 1754.
Franklin was a prime mover in establishing the Pennsylvania Hospital, the first permanent hospital built in the future United States. This publication included the text of most of the founding documents of the hospita…
GMN 7429 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/9601
1754 CATESBY, Mark (1683 – 1749); EDWARDS, George (1693 – 1773)
The natural history of Carolina, Florida, and the Bahama Islands, containing the figures of birds, beasts, fishes, serpents, insects, and plants, particulary the forest trees, shrubs, and other plants, not hitherto described, or very incorrectly figured by authors. Together with their descriptions in English and French. To which are added, observations on the air, soil, and waters with remarks upon agriculture, grain, pulse, roots, &c. To the whole is prefixed a new and correct map of the countries treated of / by the late Mark Catesby; revised by Mr. [George] Edwards. 2 vols.
Second edition, edited by ornithologist George Edwards. Digital facsimile from the Internet Archive at this link.
GMN 7678 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/9850
1754 SPENGLER, Lorenz (1720 – 1807)
Briefe welch einige Erfahrungen der electrischen Wirkungen in Krankheiten enthalten.
GMN 13065 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/15317
1754 RENARD, Louis (1678 – 1746)
Poissons, écrevisses et crabes, de diverse couleurs et figures extraordinaires, que l'on trouve autour des Isles Moluques, et sur les côtes des Terres Australes....
"This extraordinary work purports to show marine life from the seas around Indonesia at a time when the natural wildlife of that area was virtually unknown in Europe. Renard, both a publisher and a spy for the British…
GMN 13783 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/16070
1756 RUSSELL, Alexander (1715 – 1768)
Natural history of Aleppo and parts adjacent.
Includes (Chap, iv) a good account of “Aleppo boil”, which Russell found to be endemic in Aleppo. Digital facsimile from the Internet Archive at this link.
GMN 5290 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/6404
1756 BROWNE, Patrick (1720 – 1790)
The civil and natural history of Jamaica. In three parts, containing 1. An accurate description of that Island, its situation and soil; with a brief account of its former and present state, government, revenues, produce, and trade. II. A history of the natural productions, including the various sorts of native fossils, perfect and imperfect vegetables, quadrupedes, birds, fishes, reptiles and insects; with their properties and uses in mechanics, diet, and physic. III. An account of the nature of climate in general, and their different effects upon the human body; with a detail of the diseases arising from this source, particularly within the tropics....illustrated with fifty copper-plates...in natural size....
Digital facsimile from Google Books at this link.
GMN 13448 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/15721
1757 HASSELQUIST, Fredrik (1722 – 1752)
Fredric Hasselquists ... Iter Palæstinum, eller Resa til Heliga Landet, förrättad ifrån år 1749 til 1752, med beskrifningar, rön, anmärkningar, öfver de märkvärdigaste naturalier, på Hennes Kongl. Maj:ts befallning.
A disciple of Linnaeus, who complained about the lack of information regarding the natural history of Palestine, Hasselquist undertook a journey to that region provide further information. Having raised funds sufficie…
GMN 9510 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/11695
1757 ADANSON, Michel (1727 – 1806)
Histoire naturelle du Sénégal. Coquillages. Avec la relation abrégée d'un voyage fait en ce pays, pendant les années 1749, 50, 51, 52 & 53.
Adanson's voyage and explorations in Senegal, including the Island of Goree and the River Senegal. The second part is a general survey of the living mollusks he found in Senegal. His classification of mollusks was ori…
GMN 11525 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/13724
1758 HOLWELL, John Zephaniah (1711 – 1798)
A genuine narrative of the deplorable deaths of the English gentlemen and others who were suffocated in the Black Hole in Fort-William, at Calcutta, in the Kingdom of Bengal, in the night succeeding the 20th day of June, 1756, in a letter to a friend.
Holwell was a survivor of the Black Hole of Calcutta in Fort William, Calcutta , a poorly ventilated dungeon measuring 4.30 × 5.50 metres (14 × 18 feet), in which troops of Siraj ud-Daulah, the Nawab of Bengal, hel…
GMN 12396 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/14625
1758 LINNAEUS, Carl (Linné) (1707 – 1778); LÖFLING, Pehr (1729 – 1756)
Petri Loefling... Iter Hispanicum, eller Resa til spanska länderna uti Europa och America förrättad infrän år 1751 til år, 1756, med Beskrifningar och ron öfver de märkvärdigaste växyer, utgifven efter dess frånfälle af Carl Linnaeus.
Edited by Carl Linnaeus after the early death of Pehr Löfling, who Linnaeus considered his most gifted disciple. This is the account of Löfling's mostly botanically oriented researches through Spain, Portugal, and nor…
GMN 13545 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/15822
1759 HILLARY, William (1697 – 1763)
Observations on the changes of the air and the concomitant epidemical diseases, in the Island of Barbados.
Hillary included good accounts of lead colic and infective hepatitis, and probably the first description of sprue (celiac disease).
GMN 1770 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/3314
1761 FRANKLIN, Benjamin (1706 – 1790); RHOADS, Samuel (1711 – 1784)
Continuation of the account of the Pennsylvania Hospital, from the first of May 1754, to the fifth of May 1761.
Written in Franklin's absence, this continuation was printed in the same style and format as Franklin's 1761 work. Rhoads was an American architect who served as the 59th mayor of Philadelphia.
GMN 7430 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/9602
1762 CASAL JULIÁN, Gaspar (1680 – 1759)
Historia natural, y medica de el Principado de Asturias.
The first recognizable description of pellagra is included on pp. 327-60 of this book, which was written in 1735 but not published until 1762, after the writer’s death. He called the disease mal de la rosa. Reprinted,…
GMN 1771 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/3318
1763 BELL, John (traveller) (1691 – 1780)
Travels from St. Petersburg in Russia to various parts of Asia in 1716, 1719, 1722 &c. 2 vols.
Digital facsimile from the Internet Archive at this link.
GMN 7363 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/9535
1763 JACQUIN, Nikolaus Joseph von (1727 – 1817)
Nicolai Josephi Jacquin Selectarum stirpium Americanarum historia, in qua ad Linneanum systema determinatae descriptaeque sistuntur plantse illae, quas in insulis Martinica, Jamaica, Domingo, aliisque, et in vicinae continentis parte, observavit rariores; : adjectis iconibus in solo natali delineatis. 2 vols.
Digital facsimile from the Internet Archive at this link.
GMN 8288 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/10464
1763 CLOSSY, Samuel (1724 – 1786)
Observations on some of the diseases of the parts of the human body. Chiefly taken from the dissections of morbid bodies.
Clossy, an Irish physician, previously at Trinity College, Dublin, gave the first anatomy classes and dissections at King’s College in New York City (now Columbia) in 1763. Clossy worked closely with other King’s Coll…
GMN 10989 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/13185
1764 GRAINGER, James (1721 – 1766)
An essay on the more common West-India diseases and the remedies which that country itself produces: To which are added some hints on the management, &c. of negroes.
Though the title suggests tropical medicine in general, this work mainly concerns the selection and medical care of slaves. Digital facsimile of the second edition (Edinburgh, 1802) expanded "with practical notes and …
GMN 9509 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/11694
1765 MORGAN, John (1735 – 1789)
A discourse upon the institution of medical schools in America.…
The first American publication on medical education. Morgan founded the first medical school in the United States, in connection with what is now the University of Pennsylvania.
GMN 1766.5 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/3208
1766 –1767 SMOLLETT, Tobias George (1721 – 1771)
Travels through France and Italy. Containing observations on character, customs, religion, government, police, commerce, arts, and antiquities. With a particularly description of the town, territory, and climate of Nice: to which is added a register of the weather, kept during a residence of eighteen months in that city. 2 vols.
Digital facsimile from Google Books at this link.
GMN 7365 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/9537
1766 SMOLLETT, Tobias George (1721 – 1771)
Travels through France and Italy. Containing observations on character, customs, religion, government, police commerce, arts, and antiquities. With a particular description of the town, territory, and climate of Nice: To which is added a register of the weather, kept during a residence of eighteen months in that city. 2 vols.
Digital facsimile from Google Books at this link. "After suffering the loss of his only child, 15-year-old Elizabeth, in April 1763, Smollett left England in June of that year. Together with his wife, he traveled acro…
GMN 12496 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/14729
1767 CATESBY, Mark (1683 – 1749)
Hortus Europae americanus, or, A collection of 85 curious trees and shrubs: the produce of North America, adapted to the climates and soils of Great-Britain, Ireland, and most parts of Europe, &c together with their blossoms, fruits and seeds, observations on their culture, growth, constitution and virtues, with directions how to collect, pack up and secure them in their passage.
Digital facsimile from the Biodiversity Heritage Library at this link. First published as Hortus Britanno-Americanus (1763).
GMN 7679 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/9851
1767 HOLWELL, John Zephaniah (1711 – 1798)
An account of the manner of inoculating for the small pox in the East Indies: With some observations on the practice and mode of treating that disease in those parts.
Holwell's account of smallpox variolation in India prior to Jenner has been disputed by historians. Digital facsimile from the Internet Archive at this link.
GMN 12397 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/14626
1768
Historie en Gedenkschriften van de Maatschappy, tot Redding von Drenkelingen, Opgerecht Binnen Amsterdam 1768.
AMSTERDAM SOCIETY
The first of many volumes of reports by the first society to save people drowned in the waterways of Amsterdam, established in 1767. Before 1767 anyone taken from the water was presumed dead and no attempts were made …
GMN 2028.51 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/2078
1769 BARD, Samuel (1742 – 1821)
A discourse upon the duties of a physician, with some sentiments, on the usefulness and necessity of a public hospital: Delivered before the president and governors of King's College, at the commencement, held on the 16th of May, 1769. As advice to those gentlemen who then received the first medical degrees conferred by that university.
The first American treatise on medical ethics, and the first treatise on medical ethics published in the English language. Samuel Bard was one of the founders of King’s College, New York. Digital facsimile from the Na…
GMN 1763 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/3195
1769 BANCROFT, Edward (1774 – 1821)
Essay on the natural history of Guiana, in South America. Containing a description of many curious productions in the animal and vegetable systems of that country. Together with an account of the religion, manners, and customs of several tribes of its Indian inhabitants. Interspersed with a variety of literary and medical observations. In several letters....
Bancroft was an English physician who lived for many years in South America. He noted the transmission of yaws by flies (p. 385 of his book). Digital facsimile from the Internet Archive at this link.
GMN 5304 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/6554
1769 LARDIZÁBAL, Vicente de (1746 – 1814)
Consideraciones politico-medicas sobre la salud de los navegantes, en que se exponen las causas de sus mas frecuentes enfermedades, modo de precaverlas, y curarlas. Con las conducentes instrucciones para el mejor régimen de los cirujanos de navíos, que hacen viage à la América, especialmente para los de la Real Compañia Guipuzcoana de Caracas, à fin de que con mayor acierto se conduzcan, asi en el méthodo curativo de los enfermos, como en el manejo de los botiquines de su cargo.
A treatise specifically concerning the health of sailors of the Real Compañia Guipuzcoana de Caracas (Royal Guipuzcoan Company of Caracas)-- Basque traders who had a monopoly on the Venezuelan trade. Digital facsimile…
GMN 13542 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/15819
1770 RUTTY, John (1698 – 1775)
A chronological history of the weather and seasons and of the prevailing diseases in Dublin. With their various periods, successions, and revolutions, during the space of forty years. With a comparative view of the difference of the Irish climate and diseases, and those of England and other countries ...
Rutty kept continuous records of weather and diseases in Dublin from 1724-64. On page 75 of this work is the first clear description of relapsing fever. Digital facsimile from the Hathi Trust at this link.
GMN 1772 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/6572
1770 MONGIN
Sur un ver trouvé sous la conjunctive, à Maribou, isle Saint-Domingue.
First description of the worm Loa loa. Mongin was a French surgeon working in the West Indies. English translation in Kean (No. 2268.1).
GMN 5336.2 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/6706
1770 RUSH, Benjamin (1745 – 1813)
Syllabus of a course of lectures on chemistry.
Rush inaugurated the first regular course of lectures on chemistry taught in America, at the College of Philadelphia. Includes much on pharmaceutical chemistry. Facsimile reprint with an introduction by L. H. Butterfi…
GMN 9204 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/11385
1770 POUPPÉ DESPORTES, Jean-Baptiste-René (1704 – 1748)
Histoire des maladies de S. Domingue. 3 vols. Title of vol. 3: Traité ou abregé des plantes usuelles de S. Dominique.
Posthmously published; vol. 1 contains a life of the author. Digital facsimile from Google Books at this link.
GMN 9913 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/12101
1771 –1776 PALLAS, Peter Simon (1741 – 1811)
Reise durch verschiedene Provinzen des Russischen Reichs. 3 vols.
"Between 1768 and 1774, he [Pallas] led an expedition to central Russian provinces, Povolzhye, Urals, West Siberia, Altay, and Transbaikal, collecting natural history specimens for the academy. He explored the Caspian…
GMN 9564 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/11750
1771 BUC'HOZ, Pierre-Joseph (1731 – 1807)
Aldrovandus Lotharingiae, ou catalogue des animaux, quardupedes, reptiles, oseaux, poissons, insectes, vermisseaux et coquillages qui habitent la Lorraine et les Trois-Évechés.
A catalogue of "over 1100 quadrupeds, birds, reptiles, amphibians, fish, insects, worms and mollusks native to Lorraine. Buc’hoz follows the classification schemes of Argenville, Brisson, Buffon, Daubenton and Geoffro…
GMN 13011 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/15261
1773 JOHNSON, Alexander (1715 – 1799)
A short account of a society at Amsterdam instituted in the year 1767 for the recovery of drowned persons…
An English summary of No. 2028.51, and the first detailed report on the society’s work published in England. Johnson proposed the formation of a similar society in England. The Royal Humane Society was formed by T. Co…
GMN 2028.52 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/2087
1773 CLARK, John (1744 – 1805)
Observations on the diseases in long voyages to hot countries, and particularly on those which prevail in the East Indies.
Digital facsimile of the third edition, "revised and enlarged" (1793) from the Internet Archive at this link.
GMN 8813 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/10991
1774 ESPER, Johann Friedrich (1732 – 1781)
Ausfürliche Nachricht von neuentdeckten Zoolithen, unbekannter vierfüsiger Thiere…
Esper was the first to record the finding, in Gailenreuth Cave, of human bones alongside the remains of unknown and probably extinct animals. The implications of this dramatic observation published in a color plate bo…
GMN 203.7 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/3834
1774 KULMUS, Johann Adam (1689 – 1745); SUGITA, Genpaku (杉田 玄白) (1733 – 1817)
Kaitai Shinsho (解体新書 Kyūjitai: 解體新書,(Anatomical Tables). A translation of Johan Adam Kulmus's Ontleedkundige Tafelen by Sugita Genpaku.
The first translation of any Western medical text into Japanese. "Kaitai Shinsho represented the beginning of two epoch-making developments. First and most directly Gempaku's work set in motion the modern transformati…
GMN 6835 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/8999
1776 SCHEELE, Carl Wilhelm (1742 – 1786)
Undersökning om blasestenen.
Discovery of uric acid. English translation in his Chemical Essays, London, 1786.
GMN 668 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/595
1776 DAZILLE, Jean Barthélémy (1733 – 1812)
Observations sur les maladies des nègres, leurs causes, leurs traitemens et les moyens de les prévenir.
Study of the health conditions and diseases of black slaves in the Americas. Digital facsimile of the 1776 edition from Google Books at this link. Second edition, expanded to two volumes. Paris: L'Auteur, 1792.
GMN 1601.1 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/1723
1776 CHALMERS, Lionel (1715 – 1777)
An account of the weather and diseases of South-Carolina. 2 vols.
Originally published in the Gentleman’s Magazine, 1751-54.
GMN 1773 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/3326
1776 DIMSDALE, Thomas (1712 – 1800)
Thoughts on general and partial inoculations: Containing a translation of two treatises written when the author was at Petersburg, and published there in the Russian language; also outlines of two plans: One, for the general inoculation of the poor in small towns and villages. The other, for the general inoculation of the poor in London and other large and populous places.
Digital facsimile from the Internet Archive at this link.
GMN 9520 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/11705
1776 SONNERAT, Pierre (1749 – 1814)
Voyage à la Nouvelle Guinée, dans lequel on trouve la description des lieux, des observations physiques & morales, & des détails relatifs à l'histoire naturelle dans le regne animal & le regne végétal. Enrichi de cent vingt figures en taille douce.
Digital facsimile from Biodiversity Heritage Library at this link.
GMN 11996 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/14204
1776 –1778 LE PECQ DE LA CLÔTURE, Louis (1736 – 1804)
(1) Observations sur les maladies épidemiques, Année 1770, ouvrage rédigé d'après le tableau des epidémiques d'Hippocrate, et dans lequel on indique la meilleure méthode d'observer ce genre de maladies ... Publié par ordre du gouvernement, et aux fraix du roi. (2) Collection d'observations sur les maladies et constitutions épidémiques; ouvrage qui expose une suite de quinze années d'observations, & dans lequel les épidémies, les constitutions régnantes & intercurrentes, sont liées, selon le voeu d'Hippocrate, avec les causes météorologiques, locales & relatives aux différens climats, ainsi qu'avec l'histoire naturelle & médicale de la Normandie. On y a joint un appendix sur l'ordre des constitutions épidémiques ... Pub. par ordre du gouvernement .… 3 vols.
The first title, in 1 volume, was published in 1776; the second work in 2 vols., supplementing the first work, was published in 1778. In these two bioclimatological and biogeographical studies of disease in Normandy, …
GMN 12272 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/14490
1776 FORSTER, Johann Reinhold (1729 – 1798); FORSTER, Johann Georg Adam (1754 – 1794)
Characteres generum plantarum, quas in itinere ad insulas maris Australis, collegerunt, descripserunt, delinearunt, annis 1772-1775.
This account of botanical discoveries made by the Forsters in Australia and New Zealand on Cook's second voyage was one of the earliest scientific publications resulting from that voyage. Specimens were illustrated on…
GMN 12477 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/14710
1776 ARTHAUD, Charles (1748 – 1791)
Traité des pians.
One of the earliest medical publications printed in Haiti. Duvivier, Bibliographie générale et méthodique d'Haiti, 2, p. 197.
GMN 13364 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/15635
1776 STÖRCK, Anton von (1731 – 1803)
Medicinisch-praktischer Unterricht für die Feld- und Landwundärzte der österreichischen Staaten. 2 vols. [& Supplement:] Die in dem medicinisch-praktischen Unterrichte für die Feld-und Landwundärzte vorkommende Arzneymittel.
This work on "Practical medical lessons for field and land surgeons of the Austrian states," includes a 91-page appendix containing 319 recommended pharmaceuticals for the treatments described in the text. The formula…
GMN 13549 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/15826
1777 HOWARD, John (1726 – 1790)
The state of the prisons in England and Wales.
Howard devoted much of his life to the improvement of the conditions then prevailing in prisons. The publication of his book led to legislation abolishing abuses in prisons and providing for their proper cleaning. The…
GMN 1598 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/1716
