1945 GROSS, Robert Edward (1905 – 1988)
Surgical correction for coarctation of the aorta.
Resection of coarctation and direct anastomosis of remaining ends. See also his report of 60 cases in J. Amer.med.Assoc.,1949, 139,285-92.
GMN 3044.1 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/3490
1946 POTTS, Willis John (1895 – 1968); ET AL
Anastomosis of the aorta to a pulmonary artery. Certain types in congenital heart disease.
With S. Smith and S. Gibson.
GMN 3045 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/3495
1947 BECK, Claude Schaeffer (1894 – 1971); PRITCHARD, Walter Herbert (1910 – 1982); ET AL
Ventricular fibrillation of long duration abolished by electric shock.
The first successful defibrillation of a surgical patient, with the chest opened, and the paddles applied directly to the heart. With H.S. Feil.
GMN 2878.1 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/4214
1948 BROCK, Russell Claude (1903 – 1980)
Pulmonary valvulotomy for the relief of congenital pulmonary stenosis. Report of three cases.
"Brock performed the first successful valvotomies for isolated pulmonary stenosis in 1948. He gained access to the blood-filled beating heart through a small incision in the right ventricle through which he passed a v…
GMN 3046 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/3497
1948 HARKEN, Dwight Emary (1910 – 1993); ZARSKY, Leona Norman (1923 – 2013); ET AL
The surgical treatment of mitral stenosis. 1. Valvuloplasty.
Valvuloplasty for mitral stenosis. Harken reported the first successful intracardiac operation for treatment of this lesion--a procedure was first attempted in the 1920s. Charles Bailey in Philadelphia undertook a sim…
GMN 3046.1 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/3527
1948 SELLORS, Sir Thomas Homes (1902 – 1987)
Surgery of pulmonary stenosis. A case in which the pulmonary valve was successfully divided.
Operation Dec. 4, 1947.
GMN 3046.2 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/3532
1948 BLAND, Edward Franklin (1901 – 1992); SWEET, Richard Harwood (1901 – 1962)
A venous shunt for marked mitral stenosis.
First pulmonary-azygos shunt operation for relief of mitral stenosis. Two further patients were operated upon later the same year; all three are reported in J. Amer. med. Ass.,1949, 140, 1259. A similar procedure was …
GMN 3047 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/3537
1949 BECK, Claude Schaeffer (1894 – 1971); ET AL
Revascularization of the brain through establishment of a cervical arteriovenous fistula. Effects in children with mental retardation and convulsive disorders.
With C. F. McKhann and W. D. Belnap.
GMN 4914 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/6009
1949 BAILEY, Charles Philamore (1910 – 1993)
The surgical treatment of mitral stenosis (mitral commissurotomy).
Pioneering work in mitral valve surgery.
GMN 10654 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/12847
1950 BIGELOW, Wilfred Gordon (1913 – 2005); LINDSAY, William Kerr (1920 – 2008)
Hypothermia: its possible role in cardiac surgery: an investigation of factors governing survival in dogs at low body temperatures.
Bigelow pioneered surface-induced whole body hypothermia and temporary cardiac flow occlusion. With W.F. Greenwood.
GMN 3047.1 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/3541
1950 BIGELOW, Wilfred Gordon (1913 – 2005); LINDSAY, William Kerr (1920 – 2008)
Oxygen transport and utilization in dogs at low body temperatures.
This research by Bigelow and collegues first made possible the use of hypothermia in cardiac surgery.
GMN 10656 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/12849
1951 HUFNAGEL, Charles Anthony (1916 – 1989)
Aortic plastic valvular prosthesis.
Hufnagel designed and inserted the first workable prosthetic heart valve in man.
GMN 3047.2 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/3551
1951 OUDOT, Jacques (1913 – 1953)
La greffe vasculaire dans les thromboses du carrefour aortique.
Arterial homograft on aorta.
GMN 3020.1 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/5430
1951 DENNIS, Clarence (1909 – 2005); VARCO, Richard Lynn (1913 – 2004); NELSON, Russell Marion (1924 – ); ET AL
Development of a pump-oxygenator to replace the heart and lungs: An apparatus applicable to human patients, and application to one case.
Dennis and colleagues performed the first human cardiac operation with total heart-lung bypass. The patient was a 6-year old girl with a huge atrial septal defect. Though she did not survive, this report encouraged ot…
GMN 12229 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/14442
1951 GORLIN, Richard (1926 – 1997); GORLIN, S. G.
Hydraulic formula for calculation of the area of the stenotic mitral valve; other cardiac valves, and central circulatory shunts.
In collaboration with his father, S. G. Gorlin, a mechanical engineer who designed hydraulic systems for gasoline engines at the beginning of the century, Richard Gorlin developed a formula to calculate the area of st…
GMN 12238 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/14452
1952 DODRILL, Forest Dewey (1902 – 1997)
Some physiologic aspects of the artificial heart problem.
On July 3, 1952 Dodrill completed the first successful open heart surgery on the left ventricle of Henry Opitek. He used a machine developed by himself and researchers at General Motors, the Dodrill-GMR, considered to…
GMN 859.1 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/749
1952 VOORHEES, Arthur Jr. (1921 – 1992); ET AL
The use of tubes constructed from Vinyon “N” cloth in bridging arterial defects.
Introduction of plastic material to repair arterial defects. Voorhees later abandoned this material in favour of Dacron. With A. Jaretzki and A. W. Blakemore.
GMN 3047.3 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/3556
1953 DEBAKEY, Michael Ellis (1908 – 2008); COOLEY, Denton Arthur (1920 – 2016)
Successful resection of aneurysm of thoracic aorta and replacement by graft.
GMN 3047.4 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/3559
1953 LEWIS, Floyd John (1916 – 1993); TAUFIC, Mansur (1915 – 2005)
Closure of atrial septal defects with the aid of hypothermia; experimental accomplishments and the report of one successful case.
Lewis performed the first successful open heart operation, closing an atrial septal defect in a 5-year-old girl on September 2, 1952. The procedure took 5.5 minutes. For the next three years Lewis and colleagues opera…
GMN 11678 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/13879
1954 GIBBON, John Heysham Jr. (1903 – 1973)
Application of a mechanical heart and lung apparatus to cardiac surgery.
First pump oxygenator used on humans. Performed on May 6, 1953, this was the first successful intracardiac operation in a patient with the use of total heart-lung bypass.
GMN 3047.5 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/3564
1954 WARDEN, Herbert Edgar (1920 – 2002); LILLEHEI, Clarence Walton (1918 – 1999); ET AL
Controlled cross circulation for open intracardiac surgery; physiologic studies and results of creation and closure of ventricular septal defects.
Warden and colleagues undertook the first repair of various cardiac anomalies. With M. Cohen, and R.C. Read.
GMN 3047.6 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/3568
1955 LILLEHEI, Clarence Walton (1918 – 1999)
Controlled cross circulation for direct-vision intracardiac surgery; correction of ventricular septal defects, atrioventricularis communis, and tetralogy of Fallot.
Controlled cross circulation (human heart–lung “machine”) for intracardiac surgery.
GMN 3047.7 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/3570
1955 DEBAKEY, Michael Ellis (1908 – 2008); COOLEY, Denton Arthur (1920 – 2016); MAHAFFEY, D. E.
Total excision of the aortic arch for aneurysm.
Total excision and replacement by polyvinyl sponge (Ivalon) prosthesis.
GMN 2993.2 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/5283
1955 KIRKLIN, John Webster (1917 – 2004); ET AL
Intracardiac surgery with the aid of a mechanical pump oxygenator system (Gibbon type): Report of eight cases.
Co-authored with JW Dushane, RT Patrick, DE Donald, PS Hetzel and EH Wood, "Kirklin refined the heart-lung machine (screen type) originally developed by Gibbon, to the point that it allowed the person to receive oxyge…
GMN 10995 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/13191
1955 BAILEY, Charles Philamore (1910 – 1993)
Surgery of the heart.
This 1062-page volume was the first textbook of modern cardiovascular surgery.
GMN 11547 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/13746
1955 LAM, Conrad Ramsey (1905 – 1990)
Cardiovascular surgery: Studies in physiology, diagnosis and techniques. Proceedings of the symposium held at Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Michigan, March, 1955. Edited by Conrad R. Lam.
This symposium was a foundational work in the history of cardiovascular surgery. It included contributions by most of the pioneers of the closed and open-heart procedures that revolutionaized the care of children and …
GMN 11577 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/13776
1956 MURRAY, Donald Walter Gordon (1894 – 1976)
Homologous aortic-valve-segment transplants as surgical treatment for aortic and mitral insufficiency.
First successful aortic valve homograft. For report of six-year follow-up, see A. J. Kerwin, et al., New Engl. J. Med.,1962, 266,852.
GMN 3047.8 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/3579
1956 DEWALL, Richard A. (1926 – 2016); ET AL
A simple, expendable, artificial oxygenator for open heart surgery.
DeWall bubble oxygenator. With six co-authors.
GMN 3047.9 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/3585
1958 SZILAGYI, D. Emerick (1910 – 2009); ET AL
Clinical use of an elastic Dacron prosthesis.
Arterial prosthesis. With L. C. France, R. F. Smith, and J. G. Whitcomb.
GMN 3047.12 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/3607
1959 COOLEY, Denton Arthur (1920 – 2016); ET AL
Ventricular aneurysm following myocardial infarction: Results of surgical treatment.
Cardiopulmonary bypass and open excision of the aneurysm. With W.S. Henly, K.H. Amad, & D.W. Chapman.
GMN 3047.13 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/3611
1960 LOWER, Richard Rowland (1929 – 2008); SHUMWAY, Norman Edward (1923 – 2006)
Studies on orthotopic homotransplantation of the canine heart.
Important experimental technique (Shumway); reported eight heart homotransplants.
GMN 3047.14 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/3613
1960 BRAUNWALD, Nina Starr (1928 – 1992); COOPER, Theodore (1929 – 1993); MORROW, Andrew G. (1922 – 1982)
Complete replacement of the mitral valve. Successful clinical application of a flexible polyurethane prosthesis.
Braunwald was the first woman to perform open heart surgery. She was the first woman surgeon certified by the American Board of Thoracic Surgery, and the first woman elected to the American Association for Thoracic Su…
GMN 12221 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/14433
1960 HOCHBERG, Lew A.
Thoracic surgery before the 20th century.
GMN 12353 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/14577
1961 STARR, Albert (1926 – ); EDWARDS, Miles Lowell (1898 – 1982)
Mitral replacement: The shielded ball valve prothesis.
On September 21, 1960, Starr successfully inserted a “ball-in-cage” prosthetic valve (the Starr-Edwards heart valve) into a patient’s mitral valve, which was severely diseased as a result of rheumatic fever. This was …
GMN 3047.16 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/3624
1962 ROSS, Donald Nixon (1922 – 2014)
Homograft replacement of the aortic valve.
Homograft valve placed below coronary orifice, a single page report. The first complete report on the "Ross procedure" was "Homotransplantation of the aortic valve in the subcoronary posittion," J. thorac. cardiovasc.…
GMN 3047.17 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/3626
1962 GALLETTI, Pierre M. (1927 – 1997); BRECHER, Gerhard A.
Heart-lung bypass: Principles and techniques of extracorporeal circulation.
GMN 11602 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/13802
1963 FOGARTY, Thomas J. (1934 – )
A method for extraction of arterial emboli and thrombi.
Introduction of the balloon catheter in arterial embolectomy. With J. J. Cranley, R. J. Krause, E. S. Strasser and C. D. Hafner.
GMN 3020.2 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/5435
1964 BARRATT-BOYES, Sir Brian Gerald (1924 – 2006)
Homograft aortic valve replacement in aortic incompetence and stenosis.
Subcoronary homograft valve; report on 44 patients, of whom 41 survived. Barratt-Boyes was a pioneering cardiac surgeon in New Zealand.
GMN 3047.18 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/3629
1964 HARDY, James Daniel (1918 – 2003); ET AL
Heart transplantation in man: Developmental studies and report of a case.
Heart transplant from a chimpanzee into a man; unsuccessful. Hardy was expecting the donor heart to be obtained from a relatively young patient dying of brain damage, but the patient went into terminal myocardial fail…
GMN 3047.19 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/3632
1964 MUSTARD, William Thornton (1914 – 1987)
Successful two-stage correction of transposition of the great vessels.
The Mustard cardiovascular procedure, which "allows total correction of transposition of the great vessels. The procedure employs a baffle to redirect caval blood flow to the left atrium which then pumps blood to the …
GMN 11694 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/13895
1966 BLALOCK, Alfred (1899 – 1964); RAVITCH, Mark Mitchell (1910 – 1989)
The papers of Alfred Blalock. Edited by Mark Ravitch. 2 vols.
This massive (2026-page) work includes a biographical study of Blalock, his complete bibliography, and biographical sketches of co-authors of Blalock's publications.
GMN 11554 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/13753
1967 BARNARD, Christiaan Neethling (1922 – 2001)
A human cardiac transplant: An interim report of a successful operation performed at Groote Schuur Hospital, Cape Town.
First human heart transplant. The operation was on Dec. 3, 1967, and the patient died on Dec. 21.
GMN 3047.20 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/3636
1968 FAVALORO, René Gerónimo (1923 – 2000)
Saphenous vein autograft replacement of severe segmental coronary artery occlusion: Operative technique.
First report on bypass of a human coronary artery. See No. 3047.25. Two years later Favoloro published a monograph on the topic: Surgical treatment of coronary arteriosclerosis (Baltimore, 1970). Digital facsimile fro…
GMN 3047.21 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/3640
1968 BAILEY, Charles Philamore (1910 – 1993); HIROSE, Teruo
Successful internal mammary-coronary arterial anastomosis using a "minivascular" suturing technic.
Bailey was the first to graft the internal mammary artery, now typically called the internal thoracic artery.
GMN 10655 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/12848
1969 RASTELLI, Giancarlo (1934 – 1970)
A new approach to “anatomic” repair of transposition of the great arteries.
The Rastelli procedure. “Intraventricular rerouting of left ventricular output through the ventricular septal defect to the aorta and establishing of a new right ventricular outflow through the ventriculotomy and an e…
GMN 3047.22 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/3642
1969 SEALY, Will C.; ET AL
Surgical treatment of Wolff–Parkinson–White syndrome.
Surgical management of the tachycardia of Wolff–Parkinson–White syndrome.
GMN 3047.23 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/3643
1969 COOLEY, Denton Arthur (1920 – 2016); LIOTTA, Domingo Santo (1924 – )
Orthotopic cardiac prosthesis for two-staged cardiac replacement.
The first total artificial heart implant, performed by Colley using a device developed by Liotta on April 4, 1969. The device, known as the Liotta-Cooley artificial heart, was implanted in a 47-year-old patient with s…
GMN 7810 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/9982
1970 FAVALORO, René Gerónimo (1923 – 2000)
Surgical treatment of coronary arteriosclerosis.
The history of the coronary artery bypass technique by the inventor of the procedure.
GMN 12341 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/14565
1971 FONTAN, Francis (1929 – 2018); BAUDET, Eugene M.
Surgical repair of triscuspid atresia.
Fontan procedure. “Anastomosis between the divided superior vena cava and the right pulmonary artery, anastomosis of the right atrium to the pulmonary artery, and insertion of a homograft valve in the ostium of the in…
GMN 3047.24 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/3646
1973 DEBAKEY, Michael Ellis (1908 – 2008); GARRETT, H. Edward (1926 – 1996); DENNIS, Edward W. (1923 – 1975); ET AL
Aortocoronary bypass with saphenous vein graft: seven year follow-up.
"Probably the first successful saphenous bypass graft was by Edward Garrett (1964), whilst he was working with DeBakey. He performed the bypass graft in order to wean a patient from cardiopulmonary bypass, and the lon…
GMN 3047.25 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/3648
