c. 512 DIOSCORIDES, Pedanius [Πεδάνιος Διοσκουρίδης] (40 – 90); NICANDER OF COLOPHON (ΝΊΚΑΝΔΡΟΣ Ὁ ΚΟΛΟΦΏΝΙΟΣ; NIKANDER) (-125 – ); KRATEUAS, [Kratevas, Crateuas, Cratevas; Κρατεύας ὁ Ῥιζότομος] ( – 95)
Vienna Dioscorides. Codex Vindobonensis Med. Gr. 1.
The oldest surviving copy of Pedanius Dioscorides's treatise on medical botany and pharmacology, De materia medica, is an illuminated Byzantine manuscript produced about 512 CE. Dioscorides, a Greek physician, who may…
GMN 6816 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/8979
1467 MAURUS, Rabanus [Hrabanus; Rhabanus] (780 – 856)
De sermonum proprietate sive Opus de universo.
Also known as De rerum naturis. This dictionary or encyclopedia is the earliest known printed book to include a section dealing with medicine, and this brief section, Book 18, Chap. V concerning medicine and diseases,…
GMN 2190 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/1380
1469 PLINIUS SECUNDUS, Gaius [Pliny the Elder] (23 – 79)
Historia naturalis, libri XXXVII.
The most ancient Western encyclopedia extant, Pliny’s Historia contained essentially all that was known in his time concerning geography, mineralogy, anthropology, botany, zoology and meteorology. Books XX-XXXII deal …
GMN 89 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/51
1475 MEGENBERG, Konrad von (1309 – 1374)
Buch der Natur.
The first printed book to contain illustrations of animals, and the first notable scientific book in German. It discusses animals, birds, fish, anatomy, physiology, plagues, the medicinal value of plants and stones, e…
GMN 276.1 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/8810
1477 ODO OF MEUNG, Odo Magdunensis [Macer Floridus] (1050 – )
De viribus herbarum carmen.
De viribus herbarum carmen has been attributed to Macer Floridus, a pseudonym of Odo of Meung, who lived in the Loire area of France towards the end of the eleventh century. Macer's unillustrated text described the me…
GMN 1791 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/1876
1478 DIOSCORIDES, Pedanius [Πεδάνιος Διοσκουρίδης] (40 – 90); ABANO, Pietro d' [Petrus de Abano] (1257 – 1316)
De materia medica. Ed: Petrus de Abano. Comm: Petrus de Abano.
The first printed edition of Dioscorides, translator unidentified. A Greek physician from Anazarbus in Cilicia (now Turkey), Dioscorides traveled to the Greek mainland, to Crete, Egypt and Petra. He is believed to hav…
GMN 6934 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/9099
1483 THEOPHRASTUS OF ERESOS (ΘΕΌΦΡΑΣΤΟΣ) (371 – 287); MERULA, Georgius (1430 – 1494); GAZA, Theodorus (Θεόδωρος Γαζῆς) (1398 – 1475)
De historia et causis plantarum. Edited, with a table, by Georgius Merula. Translated by Theodorus Gaza.
A student of Aristotle, Theophrastus succeeded his teacher as head of the Athens Peripatetic School. This is the earliest work of scientific botany, a subject not addressed in any of the writings of Aristotle. Theophr…
GMN 1783 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/8782
1484 KAUB, Johann Wonnecke von (1430 – 1503)
Herbarius latinus.
The first herbal printed in Germany, and the prototype for most of the herbals printed during the remainder of the 15th century. It also contains some fanciful pictures of animals. With text in Latin and with German s…
GMN 1795 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/8785
1485 KAUB, Johann Wonnecke von (1430 – 1503)
Gart der Gesundheit. Ed. Johann von Cube.
The first herbal written and printed in a modern language, sometimes called the "German Herbarius” and Gart der Gesundheit. Like the Herbarius latinus issued the previous year, the text of this work was compiled by Jo…
GMN 1796 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/1898
c. 1486 –1488
Arbolayre... Le grant herbier en francois.
GRANT HERBIER
The “Grant herbier” or Arbolayre, the only medieval herbal printed in French, was probably derived from Platearius (No. 1790). Its authorship remains unknown. The “Grete Herball” (No. 1802) is a translation of it. It …
GMN 1801 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/1938
1491
Hortus sanitatis.
HORTUS SANITATIS
First edition of an herbal and general treatise on natural history which became very popular; based on the unusually large number of surviving copies in institutions it must have also been a bestseller. The plant illu…
GMN 1797 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/1481
1492 LEONICENO, Niccolò [Nicolaus Leonicenus] (1428 – 1524)
De Plinii et plurium aliorum in medicina erroribus.
A correction of the botanical errors of Pliny. Remembering the times in which Leoniceno lived, Garrison considers this work “a feat of the rarest intellectual courage”. It was accepted by later botanists and thus made…
GMN 1798 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/1924
1495 –1498 ARISTOTLE (ἈΡΙΣΤΟΤΈΛΗΣ) (-384 – -322); THEOPHRASTUS OF ERESOS (ΘΕΌΦΡΑΣΤΟΣ) (371 – 287); PORPHYRIOS, [Porphyri; Πορφύριος] (234 – 305); ALEXANDER OF APHRODISIAS, [ Ἀλέξανδρος ὁ Ἀφροδισιεύς] (170 – ); PHILO OF ALEXANDRIA, (Φίλων; Philo Judaeus)
Aristotle. [Opera omnia]. 5 vols.
Between November 1495 and June 1498 scholar printer Aldus Manutius (Teobaldo Mannucci) of Venice issued the first edition in the original Greek of Aristotle's Opera omnia. The set appeared in five thick quarto or smal…
GMN 8395 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/10572
1497 GALEN, [Κλαύδιος Γαληνός; Galen of Pergamon] (129 – 216); ALEXANDER OF TRALLES [ἈΛΈΞΑΝΔΡΟΣ Ὁ ΤΡΑΛΛΙΑΝΌΣ; ALEXANDER TRALLIANUS] (525 – 605); PLATEARIUS, Matthaeus (1130 – 1180); SERAPION, Johannes (Yahya ibn Sarafyun) The Elder (850 – ); SERAPION THE YOUNGER (1150 – 1250); SIMON GENUENSIS, (Simon a Cordo; Simon Januensis; Simon of Genoa) (1250 – ); ABRAHAM TORTUOSIENSIS, [Abraham Judeus of Tortosa, Abraham ben Schem Tob]; PLATEARIUS, Johannes (1050 – 1120)
Breviarium medicinae. Tr: Gerardus Cremonensis. Add: Serapion the Younger: In medicinis simplicibus. Tr: Simon a Cordo Januensis and Abraham Judaeus Tortuosiensis. Galenus: De virtute centaureae; Johannes Platearius: Practica brevis; Matthaeus Platearius: De simplici medicina "Circa instans".
Serapion the Elder and Serapion the Younger were Syrian Christians who wrote in Arabic. Breviarum medicinae was an abridgement of the opinions of the Greek and Arabic physicians concerning diseases and their treatment…
GMN 1790 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/1872
1519 FERNÁNDEZ DE ENCISO, Martín (1470 – 1528)
Summa de Geografia que trata de todas las partidas e provincias del mundo en especial de las indias e trata largamente del arte del marcar...
This was the first book on the Americas printed in Spanish. "Enciso was the first conquistadore to take up his pen with educational intent." In this general treatise on geography Enciso included a discussion of the fa…
GMN 9962 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/12151
1525 OVIEDO Y VALDÉS, Gonzalo Fernández de (1478 – 1557)
Sumario de la natural historia de las Indias.
First known description of the medicinal plants of Central America. Oviedo first described chigoe (“jiggers”?) in this book. "The book is divided into 86 chapters, focused mostly on American flora and fauna. It begins…
GMN 1800 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/1933
1526
The grete herball whiche geveth parfyt knowlege and understandyng of all maner of herbes and there gracyous vertues.
GRETE HERBAL
The first illustrated English herbal. It was mainly a translation of the French “Grant Herbier”.
GMN 1802 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/1941
1530 –1536 BRUNFELS, Otto (1488 – 1534); BOCK [TRAGUS], Hieronymus (1498 – 1554); FUCHS, Leonhart (1501 – 1566); WEIDITZ, Hans The Younger (1495 – 1537)
Herbarum vivae eicones ad naturae imitationem, summa cum diligentia & artificio effigiatae, una cum effectibus earundem, in gratiam veteris illius, & jamjam renascentis herbariae medicinae ... Quibus adjecta ad calcem, appendix isagogica de usu & administratione simplicium. 3 vols.
Brunfels published the first two volumes of Herbarum vivae eicones ad nature imitationem, sum[m]a cum diligentia et artificio effigiatae. . .. in 1530 and 1532; the third volume was edited by Michael Heer and publishe…
GMN 1803 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/1945
1530 GALEN, [Κλαύδιος Γαληνός; Galen of Pergamon] (129 – 216); GUINTER VON ANDERNACH, Johannes [Johannes Guinterius; Johannes Winter; Jean Guenther] (1505 – 1574); ALCIATO, Andrea (1492 – 1550)
De compositione medicamentorum... lib VII per Ioannem Guinterium Andernacum imprimum latinitate donati. Eiusdem De ponderibus & mensuris liber, D. Andrea Alciato interprete.
First separate edition in Latin of Galen's De compositione medicamentorum, On the Composition of medicines, translated by Johann Winter of Andernach, to which was added Galen's treatise on weights and measures transla…
GMN 11083 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/13279
1533 PEDERSEN, Christiern (1480 – 1554)
En nyttelig laegebog for fattige og rige, unge og gamle.
Pedersen, a Danish canon, humanist scholar, writer, printer and publisher, wrote and published the earliest medical book issued in Scandanavia by a Scandanavian writer. Translated as "A useful doctor book for poor and…
GMN 9863 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/12051
1534 PEDERSEN, Christiern (1480 – 1554)
Om UrteVand.
Petersen issued a second book, "On herbal extracts" in 1534. According to Stokker, Remedies and rituals: Folk medicine in Norway and the new land (2007) p. 111, Pedersen's two works together contained "250 medical her…
GMN 9864 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/12052
1534 CORDUS, Euricius (1486 – 1535)
Botanologicon. Heus medice vis uariat aliter quam doctuses hactenus herbas scrire, nouus multas iste libellus habet. Ut retinax primum sibi testa referuet odorem, sex nisi quadrantes & brevis hora perit. Quae si quam nostris lusorum perdere chartis malis, tunc aliquid doctius aede tuum.
"generally considered to be the first attempt at a scientific systemization of plants" (D.S.B., 3, 412-13.) Digital facsimile from Biodiversity Heritage Library at this link.
GMN 11870 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/14074
1538 TURNER, William (1508 – 1568)
Libellus de re herbaria novus.
An alphabetical catalogue of plants and medicines made from them. Turner, the “Father of English Botany”, treated plants as simples, and did not attempt to show their relationships. He was a much travelled man and a f…
GMN 1805 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/1954
1538 SETH, Simeon (Simeo Sethus; Συμεὼν Μάγιστρος Ἀντιοχείας τοῦ Σήθι, (1050 – ); GIRALDI, Giglio Gregorio (1479 – 1552)
Simeonis Sethi, magistri Antiochiae, Syntagma per literarum ordinem de cibariorum facultate, Lilio Gregorio Gyraldo,... interprete.
First printed edition of Seth's Byzantine encyclopedia of foods, nutrition, and diatetics from plants and animals, with Greek text and Latin translation by scholar and poet Giglio Gregorio Giraldi. Simeon Seth was an …
GMN 6969 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/9134
1539 BOCK [TRAGUS], Hieronymus (1498 – 1554)
New Kreütter Buch.
Bock was the first to describe the local flora of Germany, discovering many new species. His work gave a fresh impetus to plant description, With Brunfels and Fuchs he was one of the three “German fathers of botany”. …
GMN 1806 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/1959
1541 GESNER, Conrad [Konrad Gessner] (1516 – 1565)
Historia plantarum et vires ex Dioscoride, Paulo Aegineta, Theophrasto, Plinio, & recentioribus Graecis, iuxta elementorum ordinem, per Conradum Gesnerum Tigurinum. Vna cum rerum & verborum locupletissimo indice.
A pocket dictionary of plants. Gesner, the “German Pliny”, produced the most encyclopedic bibliographies of his time. He attempted a Historia plantarum, which was unfinished at his death. See No. 1809.1. Digital facsi…
GMN 1807 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/1964
1541 GESNER, Conrad [Konrad Gessner] (1516 – 1565)
Libellus de lacte, et operibus lactariis, philologus pariter ac medicus; cum Epistola ad Iacobum Avienum de montium admiratione.
The first book on Alpinism and mountaineering. Digital facsimile from the Hathi Trust at this link. English translation by H. B. D. Soulé as Conrad Gesner: On the admiration of mountains; the prefatory letter addresse…
GMN 13142 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/15400
1542 FUCHS, Leonhart (1501 – 1566)
De historia stirpium commentarii.
Illustrated with full-page woodcut illustrations drawn by Albrecht Meyer, copied onto the blocks by Heinrich Füllmaurer and cut by Veit Rudolf Speckle; the artists' self-portraits appear on the final leaf. Describing …
GMN 1808 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/1969
1544 DIOSCORIDES, Pedanius [Πεδάνιος Διοσκουρίδης] (40 – 90); MATTIOLI, Pietro Andrea Gregorio (Matthiolus) (1500 – 1577)
Di Pedacio Dioscoride Anazarbeo Libri cinque della historia, et materia medicinale tradotti in lingua volgare italiana da M. Pietro Andrea Matthiolo Sanese Medico, con amplissimi discorsi, et comenti, et dottissime annotationi, et censure del medesimo interprete.
Mattioli's translation and commentary on Dioscorides provided much new botanical information. As Mattioli continued to expand the commentary, adding new botanical and pharmacological information, through editions in L…
GMN 7820 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/9992
1548 TURNER, William (1508 – 1568)
The names of herbes in Greke, Latin, English, Duche & Frenche wyth the commune names that herbaries and apotecaries use.
A much-expanded English translation of Turner’s Libellus (No. 1805). That and the above work mark the beginning of scientific botany in England. They contain the first records of the occurrence of some 238 species of …
GMN 1810.2 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/1987
1551 –1568 TURNER, William (1508 – 1568)
A new herball. 3 vols.
The first original scientific herbal written by an Englishman, and the first scientific herbal published in the English language. The illustrations were taken from the blocks cut for the 8vo edition of Fuchs (1546). T…
GMN 1811 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/1999
1553 BELON, Pierre [Pierre Belon du Mans; Petrus Bellonius Cenomanus] (1517 – 1564)
De arboribus coniferis, resiniferis, aliis quoque nonnullis sempiterna fronde virentibus, cum earundem iconibus ad viuum expressis. Item de melle cedrino, cedria, agarico, resinis, & iis quae ex coniferis proficiscuntur.
One of the first treatises on conifers and other evergreen plants. Digital facsimile from Google Books at this link.
GMN 8983 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/11162
1554 DODOENS, Rempert [DODONAEUS] (1517 – 1585)
Cruÿdeboeck.
Dodoens was the first Belgian botanist of international repute. Drawing on the illustrations of Fuchs, but preparing his own text, Dodoens improved on the alphabetical Fuchs organization scheme by grouping plants acco…
GMN 1812 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/2012
1555 LAGUNA DE SEGOVIA, Andrés [LACUNA] (1499 – 1559); DIOSCORIDES, Pedanius [Πεδάνιος Διοσκουρίδης] (40 – 90)
Acerca de la materia medicinal, y de los venenos mortiferos, traduzido de lengua griege, en la vulgar castellana, & illustrado con claras y substantiales annotationes, y con las figuras de innumeras plantas exquisitas y raras, por el Doctor Andres de Laguna....
Laguna' translation of Dioscorides into Spanish included commentaries and additions that double the original text. It included very beautiful botanical woodcuts of plants and animals, and is considered one of the best…
GMN 13125 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/15381
1555 GESNER, Conrad [Konrad Gessner] (1516 – 1565)
De raris et admirandis herbis, qvae sive qvod noctv luceant, siue alias ob causas, Lvnariae nominantur, Commentariolus : & obiter de alijs etiam rebus quae in tenebris lucent. Inseruntur & Icones quaedam herbarum nouae. Eivsdem descriptio Montis Fracti, siue Montis Pilati, iuxta Lucernam in Helvetia. His accedunt Io. Dv Chovl G. F. Lugdunensis, Pilati Montis in Gallia Descriptio. Io. Rhellicani Stockhornias, qua Stockhornus mons altissimus in Bernensium Helvetiorum agro, versibus Heroicis describitur.
Contains Gesner's second work on mountaineering, his description of the Riven Mountain, commonly called Mount Pilatus, Eivsdem descriptio Montis Fracti, siue Montis Pilati, iuxta Lucernam in Helvetia. Digital facsimil…
GMN 13141 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/15399
1558 BELON, Pierre [Pierre Belon du Mans; Petrus Bellonius Cenomanus] (1517 – 1564)
Les remonstrances sur le default du labour et culture des plantes, et de la cognoissance d'icelles, contenant la maniere d'affranchir et appriuoiser les arbres sauuages.
The first work on agriculture written in French. As an apothecary, Belon was especially interested in the pharmaceutical value of plants. Having learned about them on his travels, he introduced numerous foreign plants…
GMN 8984 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/11163
1561 DIOSCORIDES, Pedanius [Πεδάνιος Διοσκουρίδης] (40 – 90); GESNER, Conrad [Konrad Gessner] (1516 – 1565); CORDUS, Valerius (1515 – 1544)
In hoc volumine continentur Valerii Cordi ... Annotationes in Pedacii Dioscoridis Anazarbei De medica materia libros V : longè aliae quàm ante hac sunt evulgatae. Ejusdem Val. Cordi Historiae stirpium Lib. IIII. posthumi, nunc primùm in lucem editi, adjectis etiam stirpium iconibus, & brevissimus annotatiunculis. Sylva, qua rerum fossilium in Germania plurimarum, metallorum, lapidum & stirpium aliquot rariorum notitiam brevissimè persequitur, nunquam hactenus visa. De artificiosis extractionibus liber. Compositiones medicinales aliquot, non vulgares. His accedunt Stocc-Hornii et Nessi in Bernatium Helvetiorum ditione montium, & nascentium in eis stirpium, descriptio Benedicti Aretii ... Item Conradi Gesneri De hortus Germaniae, liber recens, unà cum descriptione tulipae turcarum, chamaecerasi montani, chamaemespili, chamaenerii, & conozoidis ... Omnia summa studio atque industria ... Conr. Gesneri ... collecta, & praefationibus illustrata.
This work not only updated the species listed by Dioscorides, but also listed about 500 new species of plants. Published posthumously, the work was carefully edited by Conrad Gesner. Cordus was the inventor of phytogr…
GMN 1814 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/2022
1565 MONARDES, Nicolás Bautista (1493 – 1588)
Dos libros. El uno trata de todas las cosas que traen de nuestras Indias Occidentales, que sirven al uso de medicina, y como se ha de usar dela rayz del Mechoacan, purga excelentissima. El otro libro, trata de dos medicinas maravillosas que son contra todo veneno, la piedra Bezaar, y la yerva Escuerçonera. Con la cura de los venenados. Do veran muchos secretos de naturaleza y de medicina, con grandes experiencias.
The first treatise on Central and South American medicinal plants, and for many years the most important work on the medicinal plants of the New World. Working from Seville, Spanish doctor Nicolás Monardes managed to …
GMN 1817 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/2068
1567 ARIAS DE BENEVIDES, Pedro (1505 – )
Secretos de chirurgia, en especial de la enfermedades de morbo-galico y lamparones, y asimismo la manera como se curan los indos las llgas y heridas, y otras pasiones en las Indias, muy útil y provechoso par España, y otros muchos secretos de chirugia hasta ahora no escritos.
Arias de Benevides travelled to the New World where he observed native remedies and reported them in this book. In the book he also described his performance in Mexico City (1561) of the first neurosurgical interventi…
GMN 9053 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/11232
1578 ACOSTA, Cristóbal [Cristóvão da Costa; Christophorus Acosta Africanus] (1540 – 1599)
Tractado de las drogas, y medicinas de las Indias Orientales, con sus plantas debuxadas al bivo.
This is mainly a translation of Garcia d’Orta’s Coloquios (No. 1815) with the addition of some illustrations. Acosta, a Portuguese Jesuit physician and surgeon, travelled to India where he met Garcia d’Orta. Acosta pi…
GMN 1819 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/2084
1578 LÓPEZ DE HINOJOSOS, Alonso (1535 – 1597)
Summa y recopilacion de cirugia, con un arte para sangrar, muy util y provechosa.
Second edition, Mexico, 1595: Summa y recopilacion de cirugia, con un arte para sangrar, y examen de barberos ... va añadido en esta segunda impresion el origen ... de las reumas. López de Hinojos was a barber-surge…
GMN 8023 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/10199
1579 FARFAN, Agustin (1531 – 1604)
Tractado breve de anathomia y chirurgia.
Includes some of the first studies of the plants and botanic remedies of the New World. Second edition, Tractado breve de medicina (1592). This is an abridgement of manuscripts left in Mexico by Francisco Hernández. S…
GMN 1819.1 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/2088
1582 RAUWOLF, Leonhard (1535 – 1596)
Aigentlich Beschreibung der Raiss, so er vor diser Zeit gegen Auffgang inn die Morgenländer, fürnemlich Syriam, Iudaeam, Arabiam, Mesopotamiam, Babyloniam, Assyriam, Armeniam etc....
Rauwolf provided the first modern descriptions of the flora of the area east of the Levantine coast. He was also the first to describe the riparian flora of the Euphrates, and the first European to publish an account …
GMN 7327 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/9498
1582 L'ÉCLUSE (L'ESCLUSE), Charles de (Carolus Clusius) (1526 – 1609)
Aliquot notae in Garciae aromatum historiam. Eiusdem descriptiones nonnullarum stirpium, & aliarum exoticarum rerum, que à generoso viro Franciso Drake quite Anglo, & his obseruatae sunt, qui eum in long illa nauigatione, qu proximis annis vniuersum orbem circumiuits ....
Botany of the circumnavigation of Sir Francis Drake. Digital facsimile from Google Books at this link.
GMN 7565 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/9737
1583 CESALPINO, Andrea [CAESALPINUS] (1525 – 1603)
De plantis libri XVI.
Cesalpino developed the first scientific classification system for flowering plants. "Unlike the "herbals" of that period, it contains no illustrations. The first section, including thirty pages of the work, is the pa…
GMN 8940 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/11118
1586 –1587 DALÉCHAMPS, Jacques (1513 – 1588)
Historia generalis plantarum. In libros XVIII. per certas classes artificiose digesta, Haec, plusquam mille imaginibus plantarum locupletior superioribus, omnes propemodum quae ab antiquis scriptoribus Graecis, Latinis, Arabibus, nominantur : necnon eas quae in Orientis atque Occidentis partibus, ante seculum nostrum incognitis, repertae fuerunt, tibi exhibec. Habes etiam earundem plantarum peculiaria diuersis nationibus nomina: habes amplas descriptiones, è quibus singularum genus, formam, vbi crescant & quo tempore vigeant, natiuum temperamentum, vires denique in medicina proprias cognosces. Adiecti sunt Indices, non solùm Graeci et Latini, sed aliarum quoque linguarum, locupletissimi. 2 vols.
The "most complete botanical compilation of its time and the first to descrbie much of the flora peculiar to the region around Lyons" (DSB). Digital facsimile from Bibloteca digital, Real Jardín Botanico at this link.
GMN 13118 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/15372
1588 CAMERARIUS, Joachim the Younger (1534 – 1598)
Hortus medicus et philosophicus: In quo plurimarum stirpium breves descriptiones, novae icones non paucae, indicationes locorum natalium, observationes de cultura earum peculiares, atque insuper nonnulla remedia euporista, nec non philologicae quadame continenteur. Item sylva Hercynia: sive catalgus plantarum sponte nascentium in montibus & locis plerisque.
Digital facsimile from Google Books at this link.
GMN 13350 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/15621
1590 ACOSTA, José de (1539 – 1600)
Historia natural y moral de las Indias.
One of the earliest detailed and realistic descriptions of the New World. Acosta hypothesized that the indigenous peoples of Latin America had migrated from Asia. He also divided the native peoples into three barbaria…
GMN 2244 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/3843
1591 CORTUSO, Giacomo Antonio (Cortusi) (1513 – )
L'horto dei semplici di Padova, oue si vede primieramente la forma di tutta la pianta con le sue misure: & indi i suoi partimenti distinti per numeri in ciascuna arella, intagliato in rame.
First catalogue of the Orto botanico di Padova, the oldest academic botanical garden that remains in its original location., Digital facsimile from fc.cab.unipd.it at this link.
GMN 13351 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/15622
1596 GERARD, John (Gerarde) (1545 – 1612)
Catalogus arborum, fruticum, ac plantarum tam indigenarum, quam exoticarum, in horto Johannis Gerardi civis et chirurgi Londinensis nascentium.
This was the catalogue of John Gerarde's garden at Holborn, where he introduced exotic trees, fruits, and plants from the New World, and also grew widely available English plants. The text was very basic, being essent…
GMN 12003 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/14211
![DIOSCORIDES, Pedanius [Πεδάνιος Διοσκουρίδης] (40 – 90)](/media/portraits/2028)
![GALEN, [Κλαύδιος Γαληνός; Galen of Pergamon] (129 – 216)](/media/portraits/21)
![BELON, Pierre [Pierre Belon du Mans; Petrus Bellonius Cenomanus] (1517 – 1564)](/media/portraits/9632)
