1478 CELSUS, Aulus Aurelius Cornelius (-25 – 50); FONTE, Bartolomeo della (Bartholomaeus Fontius) (1446 – 1513)
De medicina. Ed: Bartholomaeus Fontius.
De Medicina is the oldest Western medical document after the Hippocratic writings. Written about 30 CE, it remains the greatest medical treatise from ancient Rome, and the first Western history of medicine. Celsus’s s…
GMN 20 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/4660
1562 MARINELLO, Giovanni
Gli ornamenti delle donne: Tratti dalle scritture d'una reina greca per m. Giovanni Marinello et diuisi in quattro libri.
A comprehensive manual by a physician on female hygiene, beauty and adornment, containing hundreds of recommendations, advice on cosmetics, and more than two dozen recipes for dyes to bleach hair blond. Marinello reco…
GMN 11404 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/13603
1587 MERCURIALE, Girolamo (1530 – 1606); TAGLIACOZZI, Gaspare (1545 – 1599)
De decoratione liber…Additi nunc primum duo tractatus, alter, de varicibus, alter de reficiendo naso.
This work on cosmetics contains Tagliacozzi’s first publication on rhinoplasty – De reficiendo naso – a letter written to Mercuriale in response to inaccurate statements about Tagliacozzi's methods made by Mercuriale …
GMN 5733.52 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/6514
1594 GUILLEMEAU, Jacques (1550 – 1613)
La chirurgie françoise recueillie des antiens médecins et chirurgiens.
Guillemeau was Paré’s son-in-law. His splendidly illustrated work is of special importance for dentistry and for surgery for cleft lip. It describes pyorrhea alveolaris for the first time and is also the first work to…
GMN 3669 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/5428
1597 TAGLIACOZZI, Gaspare (1545 – 1599)
De curtorum chirurgia per insitionem.
Tagliacozzi of Bologna became famous for his work on rhinoplasty, but Paré and Fallopius both abused him and his work, and the Church (which regarded such operations as meddling with the work of God) exhumed his body …
GMN 5734 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/6517
1668 MEEKEREN, Job Janszoon van (1611 – 1666)
Heel- en geneeskonstige aanmerkingen.
Van Meekeren was first to record a bone graft. He states (Chap. 1) that he read a report of it in a letter received by the Rev. Engebert Sloot of Slooterdijk from John Kraanwinkel, a missionary in Russia, where the op…
GMN 5735 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/6519
1766 MORAND, Sauveur-François (1697 – 1773)
Sur un enfant auquel il manquoit les deux clavicules, le sternum et les cartilages, qui dans l’état naturel l’attachent aux côtes.
First description of cleido-cranial dysostosis.
GMN 4302.2 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/5465
1794 LONGMATE, Barak (1768 – 1836)
Article on Indian rhinoplasty.
The first report published in Europe on the so-called Indian or Hindu method of rhinoplasty using a forehead flap, accompanied by an engraving of the patient, Cowasjee, with a restored nose and showing the stages of t…
GMN 5735.1 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/6521
1804 BARONIO, Giuseppe (1759 – 1811)
Degli innesti animali.
Baronio was among the first to attempt transplantation and experimental surgery in animals. He successfully carried out full-thickness skin grafts after detachment from the body, and the first purely scientific resear…
GMN 5736 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/6523
1816 CARPUE, Joseph Constantine (1764 – 1846)
An account of two successful operations for restoring a lost nose from the integuments of the forehead.
Carpue revived the Hindu method of rhinoplasty (see No. 5735.1), and reported two successful cases. Facsimile edition, with biography of Carpue by Frank C. McDowell and bibliography of his writings, Birmingham, Classi…
GMN 5737 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/6527
1818 GRÄFE, Karl Ferdinand von [Graefe] (1787 – 1840)
Rhinoplastik, oder die Kunst den Verlust der Nase organisch zu ersetzen.
Von Graefe revived rhinoplasty in Germany with this survey of what he called the three methods: the Italian, the Indian, and the “German” method, his own variation on the Italian method. On p. 13 he described the firs…
GMN 5738 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/6529
1819 ROUX, Philibert Joseph (1780 – 1854)
Observation sur une division congénitale du voile du palais et de la luette guérie au moyen d’une opération analogue à celle de bec-de-liévre.
Report of Roux’s operation on Stephenson (No. 5740). English translation in No. 5768.2. Roux recorded it more fully in his Quarante années de pratique chirurgicale, vol. 1. Paris, Masson, 1854. See No. 5741.2.
GMN 5739.1 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/6535
1820 GRÄFE, Karl Ferdinand von [Graefe] (1787 – 1840)
Die Gaumennath, ein neuentdecktes Mittel gegen angeborene Fehler der Sprache.
Graefe devised an operation for the treatment of congenital cleft palate. He reported his first closure of a cleft in the soft palate to the Med.-Chir. Gesellschaft, Berlin, on 27 December 1816 (see J. pract Heilk., 1…
GMN 5739 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/6531
1820 STEPHENSON, John (1797 – 1842)
Dissertatio chirurgo-medica inauguralis de velosynthesi.
Stephenson, a medical student from Montreal, was the first to be operated upon by Roux (No. 5739.1) for the repair of cleft of the soft palate. He described the operation in his graduation thesis. Stephenson later fou…
GMN 5740 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/6538
1820 –1847 FRORIEP, Robert Friedrich (1804 – 1861); FRORIEP, J. J. Ludwig Friedrich von (1779 – 1847)
Chirurgische Kupfertafeln. 4 vols.
This collection of 417 plates on surgical procedures, instruments, and bandages, with 4 pages of explanatory text, was published in 96 parts between 1820 and 1847. Fifty-two of the plates were issued hand-colored. The…
GMN 12750 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/14996
1821 CLOQUET, Jules Hippolyte (1787 – 1840)
Osphrésiologie, ou traité des odeurs, du sens et des organes de l’olfaction. 2me. éd.
An exhaustive work which discusses olfaction, diseases of the nose, membranous occlusion of the nostrils, deviations of the septum, rhinoplasty, coryza, vasomotor rhinitis, rhinorrhoea, etc. The first edition was enti…
GMN 3253 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/3919
1822 BÜNGER, Christian Heinrich (1782 – 1842)
Gelungener Versuch einer Nasenbildung aus einem völlig getrennten Hautstück aus dem Beine.
First well-documented full-thickness skin graft, used for a rhinoplasty on a patient whose nose and forehead had been destroyed by uncontrolled lupus. English translation in No. 5768.2.
GMN 5740.1 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/6540
1822 DIEFFENBACH, Johann Friedrich (1792 – 1847)
Nonnula de regeneratione et transplantatione.
Dieffenbach’s thesis for the M.D., Würzburg.
GMN 5741 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/6541
1823 –1828 DELPECH, Jacques Mathieu (1777 – 1832)
Chirurgie clinique de Montpellier. 2 vols.
Delpech's work includes the first account of rhinoplasty in France. On 4 June 1823, Delpech performed the first of six cases of rhinoplasty by the Indian forehead flap method, and one (unsuccessful) with a flap from t…
GMN 4312 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/6544
1825 ROUX, Philibert Joseph (1780 – 1854)
Mémoire sur la staphyloraphie, ou la suture du voile du palais.
Roux’s first detailed paper on his operation for cleft of the soft palate in which he first proposed the name, “staphylorrhaphy”. The greatly expanded edition in book form, Paris, Chaudé, 1825, was translated into Ger…
GMN 5741.2 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/6546
1828 WARREN, John Collins (1778 – 1856)
On an operation for the cure of natural fissure of the soft palate.
Operation in May 1824 – the first staphylorraphy in America – performed without direct knowledge of Roux’s operations. Nathan Smith (1762-1829) published an earlier paper on staphylorrhaphy in America: Am. med. Rev., …
GMN 5742 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/6548
1829 –1834 DIEFFENBACH, Johann Friedrich (1792 – 1847)
Chirurgische Erfahrungen besonders über die Wiederherstellung zerstörter Theile des menschlichen Körpers nach neuen Methoden. 3 vols. [in 4] and atlas.
Dieffenbach was Professor of Surgery in Berlin. He was a pioneer in the field of plastic and orthopedic surgery, performing tenotomy and skin-grafting successfully. English translation of the section on rhinoplasty, w…
GMN 5743 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/6553
1831 DUPUYTREN, Guillaume, Le Baron (1777 – 1835)
De la rétraction des doigts par suite d’une affection de l’aponévrose palmaire, opération chirurgicale qui convient dans ce cas.
Dupuytren devised an operation for the treatment of contracture of the palmar fascia (“Dupuytren’s contracture”). Reprinted, with translation, in Med. Classics, 1939, 4, 127-50. The condition was first mentioned by Pl…
GMN 4317 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/5532
1836 BLANDIN, Philippe-Frédéric (1798 – 1849)
Autoplastie, ou restauration des parties du corps, qui ont été détruites, à la faveur d’un emprunt fait à d’autres parties plus ou mains éloigneés.
The first treatise on plastic surgery in general, criticised by Zeis (No. 5743.4) for its bias against the achievements of German surgeons. This is the first commerical edition. The work was published slightly earlier…
GMN 5743.1 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/6555
1837 MUTTER, Thomas Dent (1811 – 1859)
Case of deformity of the mouth, from a burn, successfully treated by Dieffenbach’s method.
Mutter was probably the first in America to perform plastic operations to correct deformities.
GMN 5743.2 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/6558
1837 WARREN, Jonathan Mason (1811 – 1867)
Rhinoplastic operation.
The first rhinoplasty reported in the United States. For this Warren used the Hindu method, grafting the flap from the forehead of the patient. Warren reported the first use of the Italian or Tagliacotian method (graf…
GMN 5743.3 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/6561
1838 ZEIS, Eduard (1807 – 1868)
Handbuch der plastischen Chirurgie. Nebst einer Vorrede von J.F. Dieffenbach.
In this work Zeis introduced the term “plastic surgery”. The first half of the work covers the general principles of plastic surgery, and the first history of the subject. The second half describes the special operati…
GMN 5743.4 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/6566
1840 BRETT, Frederick Harrington
A practical essay on some of the principal surgical diseases of India.
Includes a discussion of the Hindu method of rhinoplasty and other plastic operations. Digital facsimile from the Internet Archive at this link.
GMN 8465 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/10642
1842 AMMON, Friedrich August von (1799 – 1861)
Die plastische Chirurgie.
GMN 5744 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/6569
1842 –1843 WARREN, Jonathan Mason (1811 – 1867)
Operations for fissure of the hard and soft palate (palatoplastie).
Warren devised the first operation for closure of complete clefts of the palate.
GMN 5745 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/6571
1844 –1850 SUŚRUTA, (Sushruta); HESSLER, Franz (1799 – 1890)
Suśrutas. Áyruvédas. Id est medicinae systema a venerabili d'hanvantare demonstratum a Suśruta discipulo compositum. Nunc primum ex Sanksríta in Latinum sermonem vertit, introductionem, annotationes et rerum indicem adjecit Dr. Franciscus Hessler. 3 vols.
First translation of the Suśruta Samhitā into Latin, and the first publication of this text in the West. Suśruta is said to have lived in the 6th or 5th centuries, BCE. The principal medical contribution of the ancien…
GMN 11 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/35
1844 MALGAIGNE, Joseph François (1806 – 1865)
Nouvelle méthode pour l’opération du bec-de-lièvre.
Malgaigne’s two-flap method for repair of cleft lip. English translation by R. Ivy in No. 5768.2.
GMN 5746 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/6574
1844 MIRAULT, Germanicus (1796 – 1879)
Lettre (Deuxième lettre) sur l’opération du bec-de-lièvre, considérée dans ses divers états de simplicité et de complication.
Mirault modified Malgaigne’s technique for cleft lip repair by discarding the medial flap and bringing the lateral flap of mucosa across. Abridged English translation by R. Ivy in No. 5768.2.
GMN 5746.1 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/6578
1844 PANCOAST, Joseph (1805 – 1882)
A treatise on operative surgery.
Pancoast was Professor of Anatomy and Surgery at Jefferson Medical College. He was a fine operator and devised a number of new surgical operations and instruments. This was work contains 80 fine lithographed plates, a…
GMN 5598 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/7087
1845 FRITZE, Hermann Eduard (1811 – 1866); REICH, O. F. G.
Die plastische Chirurgie.
Fritze and Reich studied under Dieffenbach. This is the first extensively illustrated general treatise on plastic surgery published in Europe. Some copies have the plates hand-colored.
GMN 5746.4 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/6586
1845 –1848 DIEFFENBACH, Johann Friedrich (1792 – 1847)
Die operative Chirurgie. 2 vols.
Dieffenbach’s most comprehensive work, covering in addition to reconstructive procedures, virtually all other types of procedures including amputations, paracentesis, laparotomy, hysterectomy, dental extractions, etc.
GMN 5598.1 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/7090
1847 DIEFFENBACH, Johann Friedrich (1792 – 1847)
Die Aether gegen den Schmerz.
First application of ether anesthesia for plastic operations. Dieffenbach made his first use of the anesthetic in reconstructing a nose. He modified Morton’s inhaler. Dieffenbach’s work helped bring about the early ac…
GMN 5659.1 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/7302
1852 –1855 HESSLER, Franz (1799 – 1890)
Commentarii et annotationes in Suśruta Āyurvedam. 2 vols.
Hessler, editor and translator of the first edition of Suśruta published in the West (3 vols., 1844-50) followed that edition with two separate volumes of commentary.
GMN 7168 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/9335
1854 HAMILTON, Frank Hastings (1813 – 1886)
Elkoplasty, or anaplasty applied to the treatment of old ulcers.
Hamilton was among the first to treat ulcers by skin-grafting. He made the flap smaller than the space which it was intended to fill, “trusting to growth and expansion of the graft to complete the cure”. Also publishe…
GMN 5747 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/6590
1857 SZYMANOWSKI, Julius Alfons Nikolai (1829 – 1868)
Adnotationes ad Rhinoplasticen. Commentatio quam consensu et auctoritate ....ad veniam legendi.
Digital facsimile of the 1847 edition from dspace.ut.ee at this link. Szymanoski's dissertation was translated into German as "Zur plastischen Chirurgie," Vierteljahrschrift für die praktische Heilkunde, 60 (1858) 127…
GMN 11701 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/13902
1862 LANGENBECK, Bernard Rudolf Conrad von (1810 – 1887)
Die Uranoplastik mittelst Ablösung es mucös-periostalen Gaumenüberzuges.
Langenbeck has several operations named after him, one of the most important being that for cleft palate. Abridged English translation in No. 5768.2.
GMN 5748 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/6593
1863 ZEIS, Eduard (1807 – 1868)
Die Literatur and Geschichte der plastichen Chirurgie.
A history of plastic surgery and an annotated bibliography of its literature prior to 1860. Nachträge, 1864. Reprint, including Nachträge, Bologna, 1963. The main bibliography has 2008 references, the supplement 275 m…
GMN 5767 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/6755
1868 HAESER, Heinrich (1811 – 1884); MIDDELDORPF, Albrecht Theodor (1824 – 1868); PFOLSPEUNDT, Heinrich von [Pfolsprundt] (1440 – )
Pfolspeundt: Buch der Bündth-Ertznei. Hrsg. von H. Haeser und A. Middeldorpf.
Although not printed until 1868, this treatise was written about 1460, and is the first work of the early German surgeons. Pfolspeundt was a Bavarian army surgeon; his book includes the first allusion to the extractio…
GMN 5558 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/7429
1868 SIMON, Gustav (1824 – 1876)
Mittheilungen aus der chirurgischen Klinik des Rostocker Krankenhauses während der Jahre 1861-65. I. Abtheilung: Summarische Berichte. Chirurgische Mittheilungen mit Beschreibung interessanter Krankheitsfälle. (Separat-Abdruck aus der 'Deutschen Klinik' vom Jahre 1866 und 1867.) II. Abtheilung. Beiträge zur plastischen Chirurgie, vorzugsweise zu den plastischen Operationen an den Wandungen der zugängigen Körperhölen. Separat-Abdruck aus der 'Prager Viertelhahrschrift für prakt. Heilkunde' vom J. 1866 u. 1867.
Subtitle of II Abtheilung: ..."zugängigen Körperhöhlen: des Mundes, der Scheide und des Mastdarmes verbunden mit einem Berichte über meine plastischen Operationen von Ostern 1861 - Ostern 1866." Simon was the first to…
GMN 5749 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/7436
1869 FORT, Joseph-Auguste Aristide (1835 – 1920)
Des difformités congénitales et acquises des doigts et des moyens d’y remédier. Thèse présentée au concours pour l’agrégation (section de chirurgie).
This exceptionally long and comprehensive (246pp., 39 text illustrations) thesis was the first French work on hand surgery. Digital facsimile from Google Books at this link.
GMN 11144 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/13341
1870 REVERDIN, Jacques-Louis (1842 – 1929)
Greffe épidermique. Expérience faite dans le service de M. le docteur Guyon à l’hôpital Necker.
Reverdin’s work on the transplantation of free skin, as contrasted with the previous method of pedunculated flaps, attracted much attention. English translation in No. 5768.2.
GMN 5750 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/6597
1870 SZYMANOWSKI, Julius Alfons Nikolai (1829 – 1868); UHDE, Carl Wilhelm Ferdinand (1813 – 1885)
Handbuch der operativen Chirurgie von Julius von Szymanowski. Deutsche Ausgabe von dem Verfasser und ... C.W. F. Uhde. Ester Theil (All Published.)
The author, who died of testicular cancer at the age of 39 two years before this posthumous publication, is one of the forgotten pioneers of plastic surgery. Many of the techniques described by later authors without c…
GMN 11702 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/13903
1871 POLLOCK, George David (1817 – 1897)
Cases of skin-grafting and skin-transplantation.
Pollock used Reverdin’s skin-grafting technique in the treatment of burn contractures.
GMN 2248.1 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/2772
1871 LAWSON, George (1831 – 1903)
On the transplantation of portions of skin for the closure of large granulating surfaces.
Lawson, surgeon to the Middlesex Hospital, London, was the first successfully to transplant sizeable areas of skin, as compared with the small grafts of Reverdin, and of whole thickness skin as well. Reprinted in No. …
GMN 5751 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/6599
1872 OLLIER, Louis Xavier Édouard Léopold (1830 – 1900)
Greffes cutanées ou autoplastiques.
First description of intermediate thickness skin grafts. Ollier used large grafts and carried out complete excision of scar tissue and its replacement with skin.
GMN 5752 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/6601
