1465 SABUNCUOGLU (OTTOMAN TURKISH: شرف الدّین صابونجی اوغلی), Şerafeddin (1385 – 1468)
Cerrahiyyetu'l-Haniyye (Imperial Surgery)
In 1465, at the age of 80, Ottoman surgeon and physician Şerafeddin Sabuncuoğlu published in manuscript an illustrated atlas of surgery and dentistry. This was also the first medical textbook written in Turkish, proba…
GMN 6819 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/8982
1478 CELSUS, Aulus Aurelius Cornelius (-25 – 50); FONTE, Bartolomeo della (Bartholomaeus Fontius) (1446 – 1513)
De medicina. Ed: Bartholomaeus Fontius.
De Medicina is the oldest Western medical document after the Hippocratic writings. Written about 30 CE, it remains the greatest medical treatise from ancient Rome, and the first Western history of medicine. Celsus’s s…
GMN 20 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/4660
1478 GUY DE CHAULIAC, (Guido de Cauliaco) (1298 – 1368); PANIS, Nicolaus
Chirurgia [French]. Translated by Nicolaus Panis.
Guy de Chauliac studied medicine and surgery in Montpellier and Paris, and served as the personal physician to Popes Clement VI, Innocent VI and Urban V. His Chirurgia magna, written in the early 1360s, remained a sta…
GMN 3666.83 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/5376
1480 D'ARGELATA, Pietro (Petrus de Argellata) ( – 1423); MORETUS, Matthaeus
Chirurgia. Edited by Matthaeus Moretus.
Argelata was a pupil of Guy de Chauliac, and professor at Bologna. He is supposed to have done the autopsy on Pope Alexander V, who died suddenly on May 3, 1410. ISTC No. ia00951000. Digital facsimile from U.S. Nation…
GMN 12984 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/15232
1493 RHAZES [MUHAMMAD IBN ZAKARIYĀ AL-RĀZĪ (PERSIAN: محمد زکریای رازی ] (854 – 925); ARCOLANI, Giovanni [Arculanus] (1390 – 1460); SURIANUS, Hieronymus (Girolamo Suriano) ( – 1522); SANSEVERINUS, Elyanorus
Practica. IN: Liber nonus ad Almansorem (cum expositione Joannis Arculani). Ed: Hieronymus Surianus and Elyanorus Sanseverinus.
Arcolani's Practica, published in this edition of Rhazes with Arcolani's commentary, includes the first documentation for the use of gold for filling diseased teeth. There are also several chapters on diseases of the …
GMN 3666.84 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/5385
1500 –1501 ABULCASIS (ABU AL-QASIM KHALAF IBN AL-ABBAS AL-ZAHRAWI; أبو القاسم خلف بن العباس الزهراوي), [Albucasis] (936 – 1013); GUY DE CHAULIAC, (Guido de Cauliaco) (1298 – 1368); GERARD OF CREMONA, (Gerardus Cremonensis) (1114 – 1187); IBN 'ISÃ AL-KAHHAL, Ali (Jesu Occulist) (980 – ); AMMAR AL MAWSILĪ, Abu'l -l Kāsim (1050 – ); MARROCHINUS, Dominicus ( – 1300); CANAMUSALI DE BALDACH (1220 – )
Chirurgia cum formis instrumentorum (Tr: Gerardus Cremonensis). IN: Guy de Chauliac: Chirurgia parva. Add: Albulcasis: Chirurgia cum formis instrumentorum. Jesus filius Hali: De oculis (Tr: Dominicus Marrochinus). Canamusali de Baldach: De oculis.
The surgical section of Albucasis’s Altasrif, the first rational, complete and illustrated treatise on surgery and surgical instruments. The author was an Arab Muslim physician and surgeon who lived in Al-Andalus. Dur…
GMN 3666.82 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/5371
1510 BRUNO DA LONGOBURGO (1200 – 1286)
La cyrogia di Miastro Bruno: Expertissimo in quella. Tradutta in vulgare.
Bruno da Longoburgo studied surgery in Bologna or possibly Padua, and practiced in the latter city, where he helped found the University of Padua. His Chirurgia magna, completed in 1252, antedates those of Lanfranch, …
GMN 11034 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/13230
1514 VIGO, Giovanni da (1460 – 1525)
Practica in arte chirurgica copiosa… continens novem libros.
The first complete system of surgery after that of Guy de Chauliac. In 1503 Vigo became the personal surgeon to Pope Julius II. His Practica in arte chirurgia copiosa was completed in 1514 and first published in Latin…
GMN 5559.1 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/6916
c. 1520 ALEXIS, Guillaume (1450 – 1525)
Sesuyt le debat de l'home et de la femme; avec une ioyeuse medecie pour les dentz.
The last of the three poems in this collection may not be by Guillaume Alexis. It may be translated as "A joyful medicine for the teeth". Assuming that it was printed about 1520, it is the first printed text on dental…
GMN 12772 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/15018
1525 THOMAEUS, Nicholas Leonicus (Niccolò Leonico Tomeo) (1456 – 1531)
Opuscula nuper in lucem aedita quorum nomina proxima habentur pagella.
Thomaeus's commentary on Aristotle's Mechanica includes an explanation of the action of a dental forceps illustrated with two small woodcut illustrations on page XXXXI. This was the first printed dental illustration. …
GMN 12773 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/15019
1528 PAUL OF AEGINA (ΠΑΥ͂ΛΟΣ ΑἸΓΙΝΉΤΗΣ; PAULUS AEGINETA) (625 – 690)
In principio singulorum librorum omnia indicantur, quae in eo libro continentur. [Title in Greek and Latin].
Paul of Aegiina was the most famous physician and surgeon in the Byzantine Empire during the seventh century, and probably thereafter. According to Eugene F. Rice, "Paulus Aegineta", Catalogus translationum et comment…
GMN 36 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/8760
1530 ANONYMOUS
Artzney Buchlein, wider allerlei Kranckeyten und Gebrachen der Tzeen: Getzogen auss dem Galeno, Auicenna, Mesue, Cornelio Celso vnd andern mehr der Artzney Doctorn seher nützlich zu lesen.
The first book on dentistry, probably intended for the general public. The unidentified writer confined himself to extracts from the works of ancient and recent writers on the subject. The woodcut on the title page wa…
GMN 3667 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/5389
1530 GOEUROT, Jean (1500 – 1551)
Lentretenement de vie, summairement compose par maistre Jehan Goeurot docteur en medicine... Contenant les remedes de medicine & cyrurgie, contre toutes maladies survenantes quotidiannement es corps humains. Lesquelles il a approuvees, & en ce petit livre inserees a la requeste de madame, pour la sante utilite & proffit de tout le monde...Item une régime singulier contre peste approuve sur plusieurs. Item une table pour plus facilement trouver le contenu dudict livre.
Concerns medical and surgical treatment of the diseases of the head, ears, eyes, chest, heart, liver, and intestines, and plague. Also includes treatments for tooth aches, bad breath, and how to whiten teeth. The Lyon…
GMN 12774 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/15020
1544 PHAER, Thomas [PHAYER; PHAYR] (1510 – 1560); GOEUROT, Jean (1500 – 1551)
A new booke entyteled the regiment of lyfe.
Translation by John Phaer of a book by Jehan Goeurot published in 1530. Garrison states that it is a version of the Regimen Sanitatis.
GMN 1590 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/1688
1548 RYFF, Walther Hermann [RYF, REIFF, REIF, RUEFF, RUFF] (1500 – 1548)
Nützlicher bericht wie man die Augen und das Gesicht wo das selbig magelhafft blöde dunckel oder befinstert. Scherpfen gesundt erhalten stercken und bekrefftigen soll…Mit weitterer unterrichtung. Wie man den Mundt die Zän und Biller…
This popular guide to health includes the first monograph on dentistry for the layman, encouraging the practice of oral hygiene and simple dental care. The first part of the book deals with the eyes, the second with t…
GMN 3667.1 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/5402
1557 MARTINEZ DE CASTRILLO, Francisco (1520 – 1585)
Coloquio breve y compendioso. Sobre la materia de la dentadura, y maravillosa obra de la boca, contiene muchos remedios y avisos necesarios y la orden de curar y aderezar los dientes.
The first Spanish book on dentistry.
GMN 3668.2 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/5420
1561 FALLOPPIO, Gabriele [FALLOPPIUS] (1523 – 1562)
Observationes anatomicae.
Observationes anatomicae, a work of 232 leaves printed in the comparatively small octavo format, with no illustrations, was the only work Fallopio published before his death from tuberculosis at age thirty-nine, and i…
GMN 1208 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/562
1563 –1564 EUSTACHI, Bartolomeo [EUSTACHIUS] (1510 – 1574)
Opuscula anatomica.
Eustachius is credited with several anatomical discoveries, among them the tensor tympani muscle and the Eustachian tube, published in his chapter entitled De auditus organis. In the last respect, however, he was anti…
GMN 1093 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/159
1564 PARÉ, Ambroise (1510 – 1590)
Dix livres de la chirurgie avec le magasin des instruments necessaires à icelle.
Paré’s first general treatise on surgery, and the most comprehensive of his treatises before his collected works (1575). Dix livres included Paré's first description of the use of the ligature in amputations, one of h…
GMN 3668.1 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/6937
1570 MARTINEZ DE CASTRILLO, Francisco (1520 – 1585)
El Tratado breve y compendioso sobre la maravillosa obra de la boca y dentadura.
Martinez de Castrillo's second book on dentistry was based on richer clinical and therapeutic experience, and had a great influence in Spain for almost a century. It was partially copied or summarized by doctors, surg…
GMN 12610 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/14850
1575 PARÉ, Ambroise (1510 – 1590)
Les oeuvres de M. Ambroise Paré.
Paré was the greatest of the army surgeons before Larrey. Born in poor circumstances, he became the most famous surgeon in France. He is particularly remembered for his abandonment of boiling oil and the cautery (No. …
GMN 5565 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/6944
1577 FERRARI, Ognibene (Omnibonus Ferrarius) ( – 1599)
De arte medica infantium libri quatuor. Quorum duo Priores de tuenda eorum sanitate, posteriores de curandis morbis agunt.
An early illustrated work on pediatrics. The three parts of his book deal with the management of the nurse and her milk, the care and feeding of the new-born, and diseases of children, including skin diseases, and cha…
GMN 7990 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/10166
1582 HÉMARD, Urbain (1548 – 1616)
Recherche de la vraye anathomie des dents, nature et propriété d’icelles.
The first French book on dentistry.
GMN 3668.3 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/5423
1594 GUILLEMEAU, Jacques (1550 – 1613)
La chirurgie françoise recueillie des antiens médecins et chirurgiens.
Guillemeau was Paré’s son-in-law. His splendidly illustrated work is of special importance for dentistry and for surgery for cleft lip. It describes pyorrhea alveolaris for the first time and is also the first work to…
GMN 3669 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/5428
1603 INGRASSIA, Giovanni Filippo (Ioannis Philippi Ingrassiae) (1510 – 1580)
In Galeni librum de ossibus.
Ingrassia is by some accredited with the discovery of the stapes; he also observed the sound-conducting capacity of the teeth.
GMN 1541 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/2864
1622 GILLES, Arnaud
La fleur des remèdes contre le mal des dents.
Digital facsimile of the second editiion "reveue corrigée & augmentée de nouveau" also printed in 1622 from BnF Gallica at this link. Translated into English by Jacques R. Fouré, edited by Milton B. Asbell as The flow…
GMN 12529 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/14764
1632 D'AMATO, Cintio
Nuoua, et vtilissima prattica di tutto quello ch'al diligète barbiero s'appartiene: E particolarmente del cauar sangue ....
An extensively llustrated manual published specifically for barber surgeons, published in the vernacular, and instructing them in the art of bloodletting and phlebotomy, embalming dead bodies, curing headaches, and va…
GMN 12780 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/15026
1634 CARDANO, Girolamo [Gerolamo; Hieronymus Cardanus] (1501 – 1576)
Opuscula medica senilia in quatuor libros tributa, quorum I. De dentibus. II. De rationali curandi ratione. III. De facultatibus medicamentorum, praecipud purgantium. IV. De morbo regio. Omnia nunc primum ex MS. Bibliotheca Romana in lucem data: ad singulare philiatrorum, omniumque sane philosophantium emolumentum, adiectis indicibus necessariis.
GMN 12611 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/14851
1651 HIGHMORE, Nathaniel (1613 – 1685)
Corporis humani disquisitio anatomica.
Highmore is remembered for his description of the maxillary sinus, known eponymically as the “antrum of Highmore” (already noticed by Casserius and figured by Leonardo da Vinci), the seminal ducts and the epididymis. …
GMN 382 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/581
1655 SCHULTES, Johannes [SCULTETUS] (1595 – 1645)
Χειροπλοθήκη seu armamentarium chirurgicum.
Scultetus is famous for his illustrations of surgical procedures and both surgical and dental instruments. With respect to dentistry he describes and illustrates stomatological operations and includes fine illustratio…
GMN 3669.1 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/6982
1679 MARTIN, Bernardin (1629 – 1682)
Dissertation sur les dents.
The third publication in French on dentistry, primarily plagiarized from Martinez (No. 3668.2). Martin was apothecary to Louis I, Prince of Condé, a prominent Huguenot general and founder of the House of Condé. He was…
GMN 7208 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/9375
1680 –1681 BORELLI, Giovanni Alfonso (1608 – 1679)
De motu animalium. 2 pts.
Borelli originated the neurogenic theory of the heart’s action and first suggested that the circulation resembled a simple hydraulic system. He was the first to insist that the heart beat was a simple muscular contrac…
GMN 3669.3 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/1749
1682 TRYON, Thomas (1634 – 1703)
A treatise of cleanness in meats and drinks of the preparation of food, the excellency of good airs and the benefits of clean sweet beds also of the generation of bugs and their cure : to which is added, a short discourse of the pain in the teeth shewing from what cause it does chiefly proceed, and also how to prevent it.
Digital text from Early English Books Online at this link.
GMN 12612 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/14852
1684 LEEUWENHOEK, Antonie van (1632 – 1723)
An abstract of a letter…Sep. 17, 1683. Containing some microscopical observations, about animals in the scurf of the teeth.
Records discovery of bacteria in the mouth, with the first illustrations of the basic types – what were much later called cocci (round or oval), bacilli (rod-shaped) and spiriillum (spiral) forms. Although Leeuwenhoek…
GMN 2464.1 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/5444
1685 ALLEN, Charles ( – 1695)
The operator for the teeth shewing how to preserve the teeth and gums from all the accidents they are subject to: With particular directions for childrens teeth: As also the description and use of the polican, never published before.
The first separate British publication on dentistry, a pamphlet of 22pp. Editions were also published in Dublin, 1686, and London, 1687. The 1685 edition was reprinted by Dawson, 1969, and the Dublin edition was repri…
GMN 3670 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/5449
1689 GAGLIARDI, Domenico (1660 – 1745)
Anatome ossium novis inventis illustrata.
Gagliardi, a papal physician, fiirst described the lamellar structure of the bones. He also carried out some tests and comparative research between human and calf bones, and probably first described a case of bone tub…
GMN 12782 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/15028
1705 PETIT, Jean Louis (1674 – 1750)
L’art de guérir les maladies des os. Ou l'on traite des luxations & des fractures, avec les instrumens necessaires & une machine de nouvelle invention pour les reduire: ensemble des exostoses & des caries, des anchyloses, des maladies des dents, & de la charte ou rachitis, maladie ordinaire aux enfans.
Petit was the first director of the Académie de Chirurgie, Paris. He is particularly remembered for his work on bone diseases. He invented the screw tourniquet, gave the first account of osteomalacia, and was first to…
GMN 4300 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/5454
1707 COWPER, William (1666 – 1709); DRAKE, James (1667 – 1707)
Anthropologia nova; or, a new system of anatomy. Describing the animal oeconomy, and a short rationale of many distempers incident to human bodies.
In his preface Drake credited the surgeon, anatomist and artist, William Cowper, for valuable aid in both the text and illustrations this work. Drake also included a chapter, "Of the Nose" written by Cowper which desc…
GMN 3670.1 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/5558
1714 EUSTACHI, Bartolomeo [EUSTACHIUS] (1510 – 1574)
Tabulae anatomicae.
A romantic history attaches to this fine collection of plates, drawn by Eustachius himself and completed in 1552. They remained unprinted and forgotten in the Vatican Library until discovered in the early 18th century…
GMN 1312 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/631
1728 FAUCHARD, Pierre (1678 – 1761)
Le chirurgien dentiste, ou traité des dents. 2 vols.
Pierre Fauchard has been called the “Father of Dentistry”; his comprehensive and scientific account of all that concerned dentistry in the 18th century is one of the greatest books in the history of the subject. The s…
GMN 3671 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/5468
1737 GERAUDLY, Claude Jaquier de
L’Art de conserver les dents. Ouvrage utile & nécessaire, non seulement aux jeunes gens qui se destinent à la profession de chirurgien-dentiste, mais encore à toutes les personnes qui veulent avoir les dents belles & nettes.
The first significant French book on dentistry after Fauchard. Geraudly's "book...contributed to the diffusion of dental knowledge relative to dental prophylaxis and therapeutics, but apart from this brought no increm…
GMN 12930 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/15177
1742 HURLOCK, Joseph
A practical treatise upon dentition; or, the breeding of teeth in children.
The first English book on children’s teeth. Reprinted, Dawson, 1966. Digital facsimile from Google Books at this link.
GMN 3672 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/5472
1743 BUNON, Robert (1702 – 1748)
Essai sur les maladies des dents, où l'on propose les moyens de leur procurer une bonne conformation dès la plus tendre enfance...
The first book incorporating specialized odontological research. Dissatisfied with the incomplete coverage of dental problems that he found in the works of Fauchard and Gerauldy, Bunon addressed such issues as dental …
GMN 3672.1 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/5476
1746 MOUTON, Claude ( – 1760)
Essai d’odontotechnie, ou dissertation sur les dents artificielles.
The first specialized book on dental prosthetics.
GMN 3672.2 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/5480
1746 BUNON, Robert (1702 – 1748)
Experiences et demonstrations faites à l'Hôpital de la Salpêtriere, & à S. Côme en présence de l'Académie Royale de Chirurgie. Pour servir de suite & de preuves a l'Essai sur les maladies des dents, & c. Et une pharmacie odontalogique, ou Traité des médicamens, simples & composés propres aux maladies des dents, & des différentes parties de la bouche, à l'usage des dentistes.
In this follow-up to his book published in 1743 Bunon proved the assertions of his earlier Essai through a series of dental researches conducted on patients at the Salpêtrière and at the hospital of St. Côme--the firs…
GMN 12928 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/15175
1754 LÉCLUSE DU THILLOY, Louis (1711 – 1792)
Nouveaux élémens d’odontologie, contenant l’anatomie de la bouche ou la description de toutes les parties qui la composent et de leur usage; et la pratique abrégée du dentiste.
Lecluse treated in a succinct but correct manner the anatomy of the mouth; invented some and perfected other instruments, the most important of which is the elevator that still bears his name, and . . . he frequently …
GMN 12848 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/15095
1756 PFAFF, Philipp (1716 – 1780)
Abhandlung von den Zähnen des menschlichen Körpers und deren Krankheiten.
The first important German manual of dentistry. Pfaff, dentist to Frederick the Great, was the first to describe the taking of dental impressions and the casting of models for false teeth. This book ranks in importanc…
GMN 3673 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/5485
1757 BOURDET, Étienne (1722 – 1789)
Recherches et observations sur toutes les parties de l’art du dentiste. 2 vols
“Probably the most significant [French dental] author after Fauchard” (Hoffmann-Axthelm). Bourdet’s greatest contributions were to dental prosthetics. He also described severe periodontoclasia and his treatment of the…
GMN 3673.1 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/5490
1768 BERDMORE, Thomas (1740 – 1785)
A treatise on the disorders and deformities of the teeth and gums.
Earliest English dental textbook. Berdmore was the first to mention the use of the microscope for the study of the minute structure of teeth.
GMN 3674 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/5494
1770 –1773 PORTAL, Antoine (1742 – 1832)
Histoire de l’anatomie et de la chirurgie. 6 vols.
A biobibliographical survey to 1755, including dentistry.
GMN 437.1 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/1091
![CARDANO, Girolamo [Gerolamo; Hieronymus Cardanus] (1501 – 1576)](/media/portraits/7679)
