1843 RILLIET, Frédéric (1814 – 1861); BARTHEZ, Antoine Charles Ernest (1811 – 1891)

Traité clinique et pratique des maladies des enfants. 3 vols.

Digital facsimile from Google Books at this link.

GMN 6333 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/8128

1845 HECKER, Justus Friedrich Karl (1795 – 1850)

Kinderfahrten, eine historisch-pathologische Skizze.

Digital facsimile from the Internet Archive at this link.

GMN 6517 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/8086

1848 WEST, Charles (1816 – 1898)

Lectures on the diseases of infancy and childhood.

In its day this was the best English work on the subject, and was translated into several languages. West was one of the founders of the Hospital for Sick Children, Gt. Ormond Street, London.

GMN 6334 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/8132

1850 –1853 BEDNAŔ, Alois (1816 – 1888)

Die Krankheiten der Neugebomen und Säuglinge. 4 vols.

Bednaŕ was a famous Viennese pediatrician. His description of aphthae of the palate in the newborn (“Bednaŕ’s aphthae”) is in vol. 1, p. 104 of his book.

GMN 6335 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/8135

1850 MEISSNER, Friedrich Ludwig (1796 – 1860)

Grundlage der Literatur der Pädiatrik.

An extensive bibliography of pediatric literature, containing about 7,000 references.

GMN 6351 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/8191

1854 DIDAY, Charles Joseph Paul Edouard (1812 – 1894)

Traité de la syphilis des nouveau-nés et des enfants à la mamelle.

An important work on congenital syphilis. English translation, 1859.

GMN 2383 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/3284

1857 DENUCÉ, Jean-Louis-Paul (1824 – 1889)

Berceau incubateur pour les enfants nés avant terme.

This brief notice, about 400 words long, citing no references, was the first published account of an incubator for premature infants. Denucé built a double-walled zinc tub in which the space between the walls was fill…

GMN 12966 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/15214

1860 TARDIEU, Auguste Ambroise (1818 – 1879)

Etude médico-légale sur les sévices et mauvais traitements exercés sur des enfants.

The first medical-legal study of child abuse, including sexual abuse, incest, and the "battered child" syndrome. Tardieu described 32 cases in detail, 18 of which resulted in death. Digital facsimile from Google Books…

GMN 8890 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/11068

1861 HENOCH, Eduard Heinrich (1820 – 1910)

Beiträge zur Kinderheilkunde.

GMN 6336 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/8136

1864 CORNIL, André Victor (1837 – 1908)

Mémoire sur les coincidences pathologiques du rhumatisme articulaire chronique.

First description of chronic arthritis in childhood.

GMN 4499 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/8883

1866 GRIESINGER, Wilhelm (1817 – 1868)

Ein Fall von Anaemia splenica bei einem Kinde

First reported case of (infantile) splenic anemia.

GMN 3119 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/4646

1866 DOWN, John Langdon Haydon (1828 – 1896)

Observations on an ethnic classification of idiots.

Langdon Down suggested that the physiognomical features of certain defectives enabled them to be arranged in ethnic groups; of these he differentiated Mongolian, Ethiopian, Caucasian, and American Indian. Such an ethn…

GMN 4936 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/6184

1867 GUERNSEY, Henry Newell (1817 – 1885)

The application of the principles and practice of homoeopathy to obstetrics, and the disorders peculiar to women and young children.

Digital facsimile from the Medical Heritage Library at the Internet Archive at this link.

GMN 6862 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/9026

1870 RITTERSHAIN, Gottfried von (1820 – 1883)

Dermatitis erysipelatosa; Gangraena; Enkephalitis.

First description of dermatitis exfoliativa neonatorum (“Rittershain’s disease”).

GMN 4060 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/5432

1875 ORTH, Johannes (1847 – 1923)

Ueber das Vorkommen von Bilirubinkrystallen bei neugebornen Kindern.

Kernicterus first described.

GMN 3067 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/3720

1876 WEIGERT, Carl (1845 – 1904)

Ueber eine Mykose bei einem neugeborenen Kinde (Bakterienfärbung mit Anilinfarben).

In this paper Weigert showed that methyl violet will reveal cocci in tissues.

GMN 2486 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/3098

1876 CHVOSTEK, František (1835 – 1884)

Beitrag zur Tetanie.

“Chvostek’s sign”, a reliable diagnostic sign in latent tetany in small children.

GMN 4833 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/3583

1876 DUZAN, J.

Du cancer chez les enfants.

Duzan's thesis was the first treatise exclusively on cancer in childhood. He was able to collect 182 cases. All 182 cases were of pediatric sarcoma: 70 of the eye, 45 of the kidney, 11 of the testicle, 8 of the prosta…

GMN 11161 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/13358

1877 –1893 GERHARDT, Carl Adolph Christian Jacob (1833 – 1902)

Handbuch der Kinderkrankheiten. Hrsg. von C. GERHARDT. 9 vols.

Gerhardt edited this great work, which was written by the foremost pediatricians of the time and which gives a close-up view of pediatric knowledge at the end of the 19th century.

GMN 6337 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/8144

1878 CHEADLE, Walter Butler (1836 – 1910)

Three cases of scurvy supervening on rickets in young children.

Infantile scurvy was confused with rickets until Cheadle differentiated between the two conditions.

GMN 3719 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/4486

1880 –1881 TAY, Waren (1843 – 1927)

Symmetrical changes in the region of the yellow spot in each eye of an infant.

Tay was the first to describe amaurotic familial idiocy, his paper dealing mainly with the ocular manifestations. The condition later became known as “Tay-Sachs’s disease” (see also No. 4705).

GMN 5918 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/6822

1881 CREDÉ, Carl Siegmund Franz (1819 – 1892)

Die Verhütung der Augenentzüngung der Neugeborenen.

Credé introduced the practice of instillation of silver nitrate into the eyes of all newborn children as a preventive measure against ophthalmia neonatorum. Separate expanded edition with the same title, Berlin: A. Hi…

GMN 5924 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/7555

1881 HENOCH, Eduard Heinrich (1820 – 1910)

Vorlesungen über Kinderkrankheiten.

Henoch, whose name is remembered for his description of purpura, initiated the modern concept of pediatrics. English translation, New York, 1882.

GMN 6339 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/8149

1881 DWIGHT, Thomas (1843 – 1911); QUINCY, Henry Parker (1833 – 1899)

Frozen sections of a child by Thomas Dwight. Fifteen drawings from nature by H. P. Quincy.

The first atlas of cross-sectional anatomy published in the United States. Digital facsimile from the Internet Archive at this link

GMN 7645 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/9817

1883 TARNIER, Étienne Stéphane (1828 – 1897); AUVARD, Pierre-Victor-Adolphe (Alfred) (1855 – 1941)

De la couveuse pour enfants. Part 5: Description d'une nouvelle couveuse.

Auvert described a new and improved closed incubator inspired by a bird/poultry incubator that Tarnier saw at a Paris zoo, and had adapted for human babies by the bird incubator's inventor, Dr. Martin. Tarnier used th…

GMN 12967 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/15215

1883 CRUMPLER, Rebecca Lee (1831 – 1895)

A book of medical discourse in two parts. Part first: Creating of the cause, prevention, and cure of infantile bowel complains, from birth to the close of the teething period, or till after the fifth year. Part second: Containing miscellaneous information concerning the life and growth of beings; the beginning of womanhood; also, the cause, prevention, and cure of many of the most distressing compains of women and youth of both sexes.

Crumpler was the first Black woman to receive a medical degree in the United States. Digital facsimile from the Internet Archive.

GMN 14145 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/16459

1884 ERB, Wilhelm Heinrich (1840 – 1921)

Ueber die juvenile Form der progressiven Muskelatrophie und ihre Beziehungen zur sogenannten Pseudohypertrophie der Muskeln.

Progressive muscular dystrophy (“Erb’s muscular atrophy”). Erb did much to establish the modern conception of the muscular dystrophies.

GMN 4747 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/1344

1885 STRÜMPELL, Ernst Adolf Gustav Gottfried (1853 – 1925)

Ueber die akute Encephalitis der Kinder (Polioencephalitis acuta, cerebrale Kinderlähmung).

“Strumpell’s disease” – polioencephalomyelitis.

GMN 4643 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/721

1885 GREVES, Edwin Hyla (1856 – 1932)

On a case of acute intestinal obstruction in a boy, with remarks upon the treatment of acute obstruction.

Abdominal section and ileostomy for intestinal obstruction; surgeon’s report on pp. 130-35.

GMN 3482.3 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/5698

1885 FRAENKEL, Eugen (1853 – 1925)

Bericht über eine bei Kindern beobachtete Endemie infectiöser Colpitis.

The gonococcus shown to be the cause of vulvovaginitis in children.

GMN 5210.1 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/7810

1886 HUTCHINSON, Sir Jonathan (1828 – 1913)

Congenital absence of hair and mammary glands with atrophic condition of the skin and its appendages in a boy whose mother had been almost wholly bald from alopecia areata from the age of six.

First description of progeria.

GMN 3790 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/4710

1886 SOXHLET, Franz von (1848 – 1926)

Ueber Kindermilch und Säuglings-Ernährung.

Soxhlet wrote on the nature of milk droplets, estimated the specific gravity of milk with his lactodensimeter, described an apparatus for the sterilization of milk, and devised a test for the estimation of fats in milk.

GMN 6341 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/8156

1887 –1888 HIRSCHSPRUNG, Harald (1830 – 1916)

Stuhlträgheit Neuegeborener in Folge von Dilatation und Hypertrophie des Colons.

Hirschsprung’s diseases (congenital megacolon).

GMN 3489 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/3886

1887 BOCKHART, Max (1883 – 1921)

Ueber die Aetiologie und Therapie der Impetigo, des Furunkels und der Sykosis.

First description of impetigo circumpilaris infantilis (“Bockhart’s impetigo”).

GMN 4089 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/5589

1887 –1888 COHN, Hermann Ludwig (1838 – 1906)

Die ärztliche Ueberwachung der Schulen zur Verhütung der Verbreitung der Kurzsichtigkeit.

Cohn was a pioneer in his advocacy of the routine examination of the eyes of schoolchildren.

GMN 5931 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/6863

1887 JACOBI, Abraham (1830 – 1919)

The intestinal diseases of infancy and childhood.

Jacobi was the first in the United States to specialize in the practice of pediatrics. In 1862 he founded the first pediatric clinic in the U.S., in New York. He wrote extensively on pediatrics.

GMN 6342 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/8159

1888 HIRSCHSPRUNG, Harald (1830 – 1916)

Fälle von angeborener Pylorusstenose, beobachtet bei Säuglingen.

Hirschsprung first made the medical world aware of congenital hypertrophic pyloric stenosis as a distinct clinical entity. In this paper he made no suggestions concerning therapy.

GMN 3489.1 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/3888

1889 JAKSCH, Rudolf von (1855 – 1947)

Ueber Leukaemia und Leukocytose im Kindesalter.

From this classic description of infantile pseudoleukemic anemia, the condition became known as “von Jaksch’s disease”.

GMN 3131 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/3932

1889 TSCHAMER, Anton

Ueber örtliche Rötheln.

First description of acute infectious erythema, “fifth disease”, called also “Sticker’s disease” after the latter’s description of it in Z. prakt. Aerzte, 1899, 8, 353.

GMN 5504 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/6481

1891 WERDNIG, Guido (1844 – 1919)

Zwei frühinfantile hereditäre Fälle von progressiver Muskelatrophie unter dem Bilde der Dystrophie, aber auf neurotischer Grundlage.

“Werdnig-Hoffmann muscular atrophy”, an infantile familial form of progressive muscular atrophy. Hoffmann independently described it (see No. 4756).

GMN 4755 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/1392

1891 –1893 HOFFMANN, Johann (1857 – 1919)

Ueber chronische spinale Muskelatrophie im Kindesalter, auf familiärer Basis.

“Hoffmann’s muscular atrophy” – independently described by Werdnig (No. 4755).

GMN 4756 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/1395

1894 PARINAUD, Henri (1844 – 1905)

Conjonctivite lacrymale à pneumocoques des nouveau-nés.

GMN 5939 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/6899

1894 HOLT, Luther Emmett (1855 – 1924)

The care and feeding of children: A catechism for the use of mothers and children's nurses.

A commonsense work written for parents and caretakers of children rather than for physicians. This brief book achieved a popular success unrivalled by any previous American medical publication. It was the forerunner o…

GMN 6342.1 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/8161

1894 GUTZMANN, Hermann Senior (1865 – 1922)

Des Kindes Sprache und Sprachfehler.

Hermann Gutzmann Sr. founded phoniatrics as a medical specialty. Digital facsimile from Google Books at this link.

GMN 13235 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/15500

1896 –1897 STILL, Sir George Frederic (1868 – 1941)

On a form of chronic joint disease in children.

“Still’s disease”, chronic articular rheumatism in children. See also Nos. 4499 and 6356.

GMN 4503 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/98

1896 KOPLIK, Henry (1858 – 1927)

The diagnosis of the invasion of measles from a study of the exanthema as it appears on the buccal mucous membrane.

Koplik, American pediatrician, was the first to note and report on “Koplik’s spots”, the buccal spots which are an important early diagnostic sign in measles.

GMN 5444 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/7480

1897 GILFORD, Hastings (1861 – 1941)

On a condition of mixed premature and immature development.

Hastings Gilford gave progeria its name; it was first fully reported by him in Practitioner, 1904, 73, 188-217. Digital facsimile of the 1897 paper from PubMedCentral at this link.

GMN 3792 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/4716

1897 HOLT, Luther Emmett (1855 – 1924)

The diseases of infancy and childhood.

The first really complete and authoritative American text on the subject.

GMN 6342.2 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/8164

1897 FOX, George Henry (1846 – 1937)

Skin diseases of children. With twelve photogravure and chromographic plates, and sixty illustrations in the text.

Digital facsimile from the Internet Archive at this link.

GMN 10597 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/12790

1897 OSLER, Sir William (1849 – 1919)

Sporadic cretinism in America.

In 1893 Osler was among the first American physicians to use thyroid extract to treat myxedema or cretinism. He made a special study of the disease, corresponding with physicians across America to try to determine its…

GMN 11272 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/13469