1937 ROLLESTON, John Davy (1873 – 1946)
The history of the acute exanthemata.
Smallpox, chicken pox, scarlet fever, measles and German measles. Rolleston was the brother of Sir Humphrey Davy Rolleston.
GMN 8751 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/10929
1937 BAUER, A. Robert
A combination resuscitator and incubator for new-born infants.
In 1931 Robert Bauer invented the first incubator to combine heat, oxygen, and humidity. Abstract: "The apparatus herein described was built in July 1931 to meet in a practical way the well established needs of the pr…
GMN 12185 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/14395
1938 CAMINOPETROS, J
Recherches sur l’anémie érythroblastique infantile des peuples de la Méditerranée orientale. Étude anthropologique, étiologique et pathogénique. La transmission héréditaire de la maladie.
First evidence that thalassemia is genetically determined. Earlier report in Kliniki, Athens, 1936, 12, No. 5.
GMN 3148.2 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/3993
1938 HIRO, Y; TASAKA, S
Die Röteln sind eine Viruskrankheit.
Successful transfer of rubella to children by means of filtered nasal washings.
GMN 5506.2 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/6497
1938 DARROW, Ruth Renter (1895 – 1956)
Icterus gravis (erythroblastosis) neonatorum.
Darrow was the first to identify the cause of hemolytic disease of the newborn (HDN). Three years prior to the discovery of antibodies against the Rh antigen, Darrow correctly hypothesized that the disease was caused …
GMN 14088 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/16399
1941 MARSHALL, Eli Kennerly Jr. (1889 – 1966); ET AL
Sulfanilylguanidine in the treatment of acute bacillary dysentery in children.
E. K. Marshall, A. C. Bratton, L. B. Edwards, and E. L. Walker were the first to use sulphaguanidine in the treatment of bacillary dysentery.
GMN 5096 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/6014
1942 TERRY, Theodore Lasater (1899 – 1946)
Extreme prematurity and fibroblastic overgrowth of persistent vascular sheath behind each crystalline lens. I. Preliminary report.
Retrolental fibroplasia first described. See also the same volume, pp. 1409-23, and Trans. Sect. Ophthal. Amer. med. Ass., 1942, 213-29, for later papers.
GMN 5989 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/7083
1943 SWAN, Charles Spencer (1912 – 1963)
Congenital defects in infants following infectious diseases during pregnancy.
Figures demonstrating that rubella in the first or second month of pregnancy always results in an abnormal infant. With A. L. Tostevin, B. Moore, H. Mayo, and G. H. B. Black.
GMN 5509 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/6503
1943 LEVINSON, Abraham (1888 – 1955)
Pioneers of pediatrics. 2nd ed.
GMN 6357 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/8201
1944 EWING, Irene Rosetta (1883 – 1959); EWING, Sir Alexander William Gordon (1896 – 1980)
The ascertainment of deafness in infancy and early childhood.
Tests of hearing in children.
GMN 3412.1 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/5226
1946 SPOCK, Benjamin McLane (1993 – 1998)
The common sense book of baby and child care.
One of the best-selling books of the twentieth century, selling 500,000 copies in the six months after its initial publication in 1946, and 50 million by the time of Spock's death in 1998. As of 2011, the book had bee…
GMN 11819 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/14021
1948 DIAMOND, Louis Klein (1902 – 1999)
Replacement transfusion as a treatment for erythroblastosis fetalis.
Exchange transfusion.
GMN 3107.1 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/3816
1948 SPITZ, Sophie (1910 – 1956)
Melanomas of childhood.
Spitz first defined the histologic criteria for the diagnosis of juvenile melanoma.
GMN 4154.1 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/5874
1948 DALLDORF, Gilbert Julius (1900 – 1979); SICKLES, Grace Mary (1898 – 1959)
An unidentified, filterable agent isolated from the feces of children with paralysis.
Isolation of the Coxsackie virus from the stool of a patient residing in Coxsackie, New York.
GMN 5545 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/6761
1949 BECK, Claude Schaeffer (1894 – 1971); ET AL
Revascularization of the brain through establishment of a cervical arteriovenous fistula. Effects in children with mental retardation and convulsive disorders.
With C. F. McKhann and W. D. Belnap.
GMN 4914 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/6009
1950 WILKINS, Lawson (1894 – 1963)
The diagnosis and treatment of endocrine disorders in childhood and adolescence.
The first textbook of pediatric endocrinology.
GMN 12821 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/15067
1953 APGAR, Virginia (1909 – 1974)
A proposal for a new method of evaluation of the newborn infant.
The Apgar score for summarizing the health of newborn children, based on skin color, pulse rate, reflex irritability, muscle tone, and respiratory effort. These form a backronym, referring back to the author: Appearan…
GMN 12184 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/14394
1954 MENKES, John Hans (1928 – 2008); ET AL
A new syndrome: progressive familial infantile cerebral dysfunction associated with unusual urinary substance.
Maple syrup urine disease described. With P. L. Hurst and J. M. Craig.
GMN 3924.3 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/5078
1955 GARDINER, Sir Alan Henderson (1879 – 1963)
The Ramesseum papyri. Edited by Sir Alan Gardiner. 2 vols.
A collection of ancient Egyptian medical documents from the early 18th century BCE, found in the temple of the Ramesseum. As with most ancient Egyptian medical papyri, these documents mainly concern ailments, diseases…
GMN 8391 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/10568
1956 GRIFFITHS, Margaret Isabel (1902 – 1996); GAISFORD, Wilfrid Fletcher (1902 – 1988)
Freeze-dried B.C.G. vaccination of newborn infants with a British vaccine.
Freeze-dried B.C.G. vaccine.
GMN 2353.1 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/3142
1956 TEMKIN, Oswei (1902 – 2002); EDELSTEIN, Ludwig (1902 – 1965); SORANUS OF EPHESUS (ΣΩΡΑΝΌΣ) (100 – 150); GUTTMACHER, Allan Frank (1898 – 1974); EASTMAN, Nicholson Joseph (1895 – 1973)
Soranus' Gynecology. Translated by Owsei Temkin with the assistance of Nicolson J. Eastman, Ludwig Edelstein, and Alan F. Guttmacher.
GMN 9367 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/11550
1958 –1959 BURKITT, Denis Parsons (1911 – 1993)
A sarcoma involving the jaws in African children.
Burkitt’s lymphoma (African lymphoma), first described in detail by Sir Albert Cook, a medical missionary, but not published by him.
GMN 2660.12 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/3397
1958 CREMER, Richard J.; PERRYMAN, P. W.; RICHARDS, D. H.
Influence of light on the hyperbilirubinaemia of infants.
In 1956 Sister Jean Ward of the Premature Unit of the Rochford General Hospital in Essex, England noted the benefit of phototherapy when she took infants outside because she assumed that fresh air had healing benefits…
GMN 12971 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/15219
1959 HENKLE, Hermann Henry (1900 – 1987)
Catalogue of the Clifford G. Grulee collection on pediatrics.
4404 entries. The rare books formerly in the John Crerar Library are now in the Regenstein Library at the University of Chicago.
GMN 6357.01 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/8203
1959 TANNER, James Mourilyan (1920 – 2010); WHITEHOUSE, R. H.
Standards for height and weight of British children from birth to maturity.
Tanner established "normal" parameters for ranking the height and weight of children by percentile during growth. (Thanks to Juan Weiss for this reference and its interpretation.)
GMN 12969 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/15217
1962 KEMPE, C. Henry (Karl Heinz Kempe) (1922 – 1984); SILVERMAN, Frederick N. (1914 – 2006); STEELE, Brandt F. (1908 – 2005); DROEGEMUELLER, William; SILVER, Henry K. (1918 – 1991)
The battered-child syndrome.
"In 1962, Dr. C. Henry Kempe and his colleagues led the identification and recognition of child abuse with the defining paper, The Battered Child Syndrome. This paper was regarded as the single most significant event …
GMN 8893 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/11071
1963 GUTHRIE, Robert (1916 – 1995); SUSI, Ada J. (1918 – 2002)
A simple phenylalanine method for detecting phenylketonuria in large populations of newborn infants.
Bacterial inhibition test for phenylketonuria.
GMN 3924.4 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/5084
1963 SALTER, Robert Bruce (1924 – 2010); HARRIS, W. Robert (1922 – 2005)
Injuries involving the epiphyseal plate.
Standard classification of growth plate fractures in children.
GMN 4435.6 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/6323
1964 NYHAN, William Leo (1926 – ); LESCH, Michael (1939 – 2008)
A familial disorder of uric acid metabolism and central nervous system dysfunction.
Lesch-Nyhan syndrome, a rare inherited disorder that affects about 1 in 380,000 live births. In their summary the authors described this as a new "syndrome consisting of hyperuricemia, mental retardation, choreoatheto…
GMN 14197 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/16513
1965 GRANJEL, Luis Sánchez (1920 – 2014)
Historia de la pediatría española.
GMN 7860 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/10032
1966 PEIPER, Albrecht (1889 – 1968)
Chronik der Kinderheilkunde. 4te. Aufl.
GMN 6357.1 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/8207
1967 KAWASAKI, Tomisaku (1925 – )
In Japanese: [Acute febrile mucocutaneous syndrome with lymphoid involvement with specific desquamation of the fingers and toes in children.]
Kawasaki first reported this disease in 1961 in a four-year-old child with a rash and fever at the Red Cross Hospital in Tokyo; by the time he wrote this paper he had seen 50 cases. The mysterious novel illness was ev…
GMN 12716 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/14962
1967 SEEGMILLER, Jarvis Edwin (1920 – 2006); ROSENBLOOM, F. M.; KELLY, W. N.
Enzyme defect associated with a sex-linked human neurological disorder and excessive purine synthesis.
Jay Seegmiller and his colleagues at NIH discovered that the rare genetic disease, Lesch–Nyhan syndrome, was due to a profound deficiency of an enzyme known as hypoxanthine guanine phosphoribosyltransferase, or HGPRT.…
GMN 14198 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/16514
1969 CRELIN, Edmund Slocum Jr. (1923 – 2004)
Anatomy of the newborn: An atlas.
Self-illustrated by Crelin, this was the first atlas of human infant anatomy. Crelin followed this with a synopsis of the atlas, Functional anatomy of the newborn (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1973).
GMN 10211 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/12400
1969 RICKHAM, Peter Paul (1917 – 2003); JOHNSTON, J. H.
Neonatal surgery.
Rickham founded the first neonatal surgical unit in the world, at Alder Hey Children's Hospital in Liverpool. This unit became the benchmark for similar units around the world. It brought about an improvement in the s…
GMN 11917 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/14122
1970 HIPPOCRATES, [Ἱπποκράτης; Hippocrates of Kos] (-460 – -370); JOLY, Robert (1922 – 2011)
Hippocrate, Oeuvres complètes, Tome XI: De la génération. De la nature de l'enfant. Des maladies IV. Du foetus de huit mois. Texte établi et traduit par Robert Joly.
Greek text with facing French translation and commentary of a group of treatises from the Hippocratic Collection about generation or considered to be about it: On generation, and On the nature of the child, both dated…
GMN 10689 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/12882
1971 CASH, Richard Alan (1941 – 2024); NALIN, David R. (1941 – )
Oral or nasogastric maintenance therapy in pediatric cholera patients.
GMN 14304 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/16629
1973 ZIMMERMAN, David R.
Rh: The intimate history of a disease and its conquest.
GMN 14089 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/16400
1974 KAWASAKI, Tomisaku (1925 – ); KOSAKI, Fumio; OKAWA, Sumio; ET AL
A new infantile acute febrile mucocutaneous lymph node syndrome (MLNS) prevailing in Japan.
The first report on Kawasaki Disease in English. By 1973, 6,000 cases of Kawasaki disease were reported in Japan. (Thanks to Juan Weiss for this reference and its interpretation.)
GMN 12717 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/14963
1974 KOBAYASHI, Noboru (1927 – 2019); MATSUYA, Shoji; YANAGISAWA, Masayoshi
Myocardial infarction due to coronary thromboarteritis following acute febrile mucocutaneous lymph node syndrome (MLNS) in an infant.
The authors reported the case of a 6 month old baby who died from a myocardiac infarction after "recovering" from Kawasaki disease. Autopsy showed that the baby died from classical coronary artery thrombosis accompani…
GMN 12718 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/14964
1975 COSSART, Yvonne E.; FIELD, A. M.; CANT, B.; ET AL
Parvovirus-like particles in human sera. Preliminary communication.
Order of authorship in the original paper: Cossart, Field, Cant. First description of Parvovirus B19, the first human parvovirus discovered. It is among the smallest DNA viruses and is most often known for causing dis…
GMN 11190 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/13387
1978 GANDEVIA, Bryan Harle (1925 – 2006)
Tears often shed. Child health and welfare in Australia from 1788.
GMN 6604.8 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/8539
1979 CONE, Thomas E. (1915 – )
History of American pediatrics.
GMN 6357.2 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/8208
1981 TANNER, James Mourilyan (1920 – 2010)
A history of the study of human growth.
GMN 197.1 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/8211
1983 ANDERSON, M. J.; JONES, S. E.; FISHER-HOCH, Susan P.; ET AL
Human parvovirus, the cause of erythema infectiosum (Fifth disease)?
This single page document was published as a Letter to the Editor of The Lancet. Order of authorship of the letter: Anderson, Jones, Fisher-Hoch.... Identification of human parvovirus as the cause of "Fifth disease". …
GMN 11191 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/13388
1987 FILDES, Valerie A.
Breasts, bottles and babies: A history of infant feeding.
GMN 9106 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/11285
1987 APPLE, Rima Dombrow (1944 – )
Mothers and medicine: A social History of infant feeding, 1890–1950.
GMN 10624 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/12817
1987 ANAND, Aditi; GRAY, Elizabeth S.; BROWN, Thomas
Human parvovirus infection in pregnancy and hydrops fetalis.
Demonstration of the devastating effect of human parvovirus B19 on the human fetus. (Thanks to Juan Weiss for this reference and its interpretation.)
GMN 11192 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/13389
1988 FILDES, Valerie A.
Wet nursing: A history from antiquity to the present.
GMN 9105 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/11284
1994 SPAULDING, Mary; WELCH, Penny; DRAKE, Theodore George Harwood (1891 – 1959)
Nurturing yesterday's child: A portrayal of the Drake collection of paediatric history.
Pediatric prints, paintings, and antiques collected by Theodore G. H. Drake.
GMN 8765 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/10943
![HIPPOCRATES, [Ἱπποκράτης; Hippocrates of Kos] (-460 – -370)](/media/portraits/50)
