Montanus became a professor of practical medicine at Ferrara and at the University of Padua in 1539. His greatest innovation was to introduce clinical medicine into the curriculum as a way to integrate medical theory and practice. At Padua Montanus introduced autopsies as a means of acquiring anatomical data, and established the first permanent anatomical theater where Vesalius, Falloppio, Fabricius and others carried out studies. Students of Montanus included John Caius, Digital facsimile from Google Books at this link.

A distinctively published work illustrated stereoscopically with color View-Master slides, and incorporating the View-Master "reels" and a View-Master viewer in a box along with the conventional bound text.

Order of authorship in the original publication: Weller, Enders, Robbins. In this paper the authors describe their improved method for culturing poliomyelitis viruses in "normal kidney tissue." 

Followed by Robbins, Weller, Enders, "Studies on the cultivation of poliomyelitis viruses in tissue culture II. The propagation of the poliomyelitis viruses in roller-tube cultures of various human tissues", J. Immunol., 69, 1952, 673-691. 

Publication of these techniques was instrumental in allowing Jonas Salk to develop the first polio vaccine.

(Thanks to Juan Weiss for these references and their interpretation.)

The authors showed that the heat resistant bacteria Thermus aquaticus discovered by Thomas Brock contained a vital polymerase enzyme that had
evolved in this bacteria to allow it to metabolize and survive in exceptionally high temperatures.

Roughly 10 years after this discovery its implications for molecular biology and biotechnology were recognized. According to Paul Rabinow, Making PCR (1996) “By June 1986 the Taq [Thermus aquaticus] Polymerase had been purified” in Kerry Mullis's lab and became a key element in the polymerase chain reaction.

(Thanks to Juan Weiss for this entry and its interpretation.)

The disk diffusion test, or agar diffusion test, or Kirby–Bauer test (disc-diffusion antibiotic susceptibility test, disc-diffusion antibiotic sensitivity test, KB test), for the antibiotic sensitivity of bacteria. 

(Thanks to Juan Weiss for this reference and its interpretation.)

Order of authorship in the original publication: Yarchoan, Weinhold, Lyerly. The first antiviral AIDS drug, later named "Retrovir"/ Zidovudine/AZT.

(Thanks to Juan Weiss for this reference and its interpretation.)

The earliest separately printed treatise on gout by the physician/humanist grandfather of the Dominican friar Girolamo Savonarola. Giovanni Savonarola emphasized the dietary causes of gout, and the dangers of eating rich food. He discussed recommended moderation in diet, and discussed the nutritional aspects of various foods.

Extensively annotated Greek & Latin edition of this Byzantine treatise on anatomy and physiology, edited by William Alexander Greenhill. Digital facsimile from the Internet Archive at this link.

First edition of the Greek text of the works of Alexander of Tralles, together with an edition of Rhazes on the plague. Both texts were edited by Jacques Goupil. The work was issued by the distinguished scholar printer, Robert Estienne. Digital facsimile from Bayerische StaatsBibliothek at this link.

An elegantly published and illustrated monograph with extensive historical material.

This is probably the most beautiful book published on the wide range of William Hunter's collecting that forms the Hunterian Museum and the Hunterian Collection in Glasgow University Library. 

Text reproduced in facsimile (15 leaves), transliteration and English translation. Digital facsimile from the Hathi Trust at this link.

This work was issued in parts over nearly 20 years. Parts concerned specific subjects and were sold separately. Digital facsimile from Google Books at this link, and at this link.

Digital facsimile from the Internet Archive at this link.

Digital facsimile from the Internet Archive at this link.  Selections were translated , with annotations by T. C. Minor as The Evil that has been said of doctors: Extracts from early writers. (Cincinnati: Reprint from the Lancet-Clinic, 1889). Digital facsimile of the translation from the Internet Archive at this link.

Digital facsimile from the Internet Archive at this link.

A spectacular color photo-illustrated book on the Mütter Museum.

Digital edition from Gutenberg.org at this link.

“The first scientific paper on paralysis in children was published in 1827 by Jean Baptiste Cazauvieilh, who […] noted that congenital hemiplegia was associated with cerebral atrophy and differentiated those due to ‘l’agenèse cérébrale’ (congenital cerebral agenesis) from ’l’atrophie consecutive’ (acquired cerebral atrophy)" (Ashwall, Founders of child neurology, 16, 20).

As one of his last works Charcot published this 38-page pamphlet on faith healing.

At the age of 17, Dellon, who is sometimes referred to as Gabriel Dellon, embarked as second surgeon aboard the ship La Force. He arrived at Darman, in the Portuguese Indies, in 1673, where he was doctor to Luis de Mendonça Furtado, a member of the government council, then viceroy. Dellon was denounced to the Inquisition, arrested and taken to Goa, before being taken to Lisbon three years later and released. Back in France, he finished his studies and became a doctor to the Prince de Conti.

Dellon's work is divided into 12 chapters: vomiting; scurvy or sore ear; colic from Madagascar; venereal disease in Isle Dauphine; diseases of the Indies, fevers; smallpox; snake bites; what the Portuguese call Bicho. Dellon deals with the main diseases observed and Pandite doctors, "people without study, without science" having received only a certain number of precepts but whose "long experience they have of the country that they often succeed better than the foreigners ". Delon reports the remedies used in India, to which he sometimes resorted. He cites the "weird" treatment of burning the feet (at the most calloused place) with a hot iron and using a pepper-based diet in the disease called mordechi (probable food poisoning). Dellon advocates, before Lind, the consumption of lemon juice to prevent scurvy: "Individuals should, if possible, make provision of lemon juice."

Dellon's book was translated into English in 1698 as A voyage to the East-Indies giving an account of the Isles of Madagascar, and Mascareigne, of Suratte, the coast of Malabar, of Goa, Gameron, Ormus : as also A treatise of the distempers peculiar to the eastern countries : to which is annexed an abstract of Monsieur de Rennefort's History of the East-Indies, with his propositions for the improvement of the East-India Company / written originally in French by Mr. Dellon ...

Digital facsimile from Google Books at this link.

Concerns physicians, surgeons and pharmacists who served in the French navy.

A handsome folio volume of some seven hundred pages, well printed on fine paper and beautifully illustrated, the book is a tribute to the printer's art as well as to the scientist's efforts. Of special interest is the excellent historical introduction, as well as the section on prophylaxis and leprosaria, with its many illustrations. Digital facsimile from the Internet Archive at this link.

Considered the most beautiful book on autopsies. Digital facsimile from BnFgallica at this link.

The first work on psychiatric illnesses of women during and after pregnancy. Marcé provided extensive clinical descriptions of syndromes, with 79 case examples, and summarized etiological theories and treatments characteristic of his era and place. This work was based on cases that he personally evaluated and on other reported cases, drawn from a wide range social and economic backgrounds. Marcé showed an appreciation of epidemiological evidence and a critical approach to the conventional pathophysiological and therapeutic views of his time. His work anticipated modern rediscovery of the high risk of depression in pregnancy and of both acute mood disorders and psychoses, postpartum. 

Digital facsimile from BnFgallica at this link.

Proust performed the first radical perineal prostatectomy. He was the younger brother of the writer Marcel Proust. Digital facsimile from BnFgallica at this link.

The earliest French work on dermatology, and one of the earliest works in dermatopathology, including tumors of the skin. Digital facsimile of the 1768 second edition from Google Books at this link.

"We were impressed with the magnitude and depth of the work by Eycleshymer and Schoemaker, A Cross-Section Anatomy, published by D. Appleton Company in 1911, and now out of print. As a consequence, our goal was to produce an "in-depth" reference book to fill the gap left by Eycleshymer and Schoemaker, thereby extending the important contribution made by these authors." (Preface).

Digital edition from anatomyatlases.org at this link.

A recent edition is Bergman's Comprehensive encyclopedia of human anatomic variation edited by R. Shane Tubbs, Mohammadali M. Shoja, and Marios Loukas. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley Blackwell, 2016.

https://www.anatomyatlases.org/

"About Us

1. • Curate a comprehensive digital library of anatomy information for patients and providers.
   • Maximize the impact of this digital library by enhancing awareness among potential users at local, national, and international levels.
   • Ensure an optimal educational experience through simplicity and clarity in design.
   • Lead the way to a better understanding of digital libraries through a process of on-going evaluation.What is Anatomy Atlases and what is its purpose?

     Mission
     Anatomy Atlases is an anatomy digital health sciences library that has been uniquely committed since 2006 and through its predecessors since 1995:

     • To educate patients, healthcare providers, and students in a free and anonymous manner;
     • For the purpose of improving patients' care, outcome, and lives;
     • Using current, authoritative, trustworthy health information;
     • While serving as a platform for research into the challenges facing world-wide information distribution.

     Goals

2. What population is Anatomy Atlases intended for?

   Anatomy Atlases addresses the continuum of anatomy education and may be of use primarily to three distinct populations. It is written for and intended primarily for use by Medical Students, Residents, Fellows, or Attending Physicians studying anatomy. Other Health Care Providers studying anatomy should find it useful. Finally, Patients (including patient's family members or friends) may find it helpful. 

3. 1. The learner will acquire knowledge of the anatomic discipline
   2. The learner will improve his/her analytical thinking skills
   3. The learner will analyze his/her own learning needs for needed improvement
   4. The learner will use evidence from scientific studies to answer the questions posed
   5. Some learners will use this information to facilitate the learning of others including patients, families, and health care providersWhat are the Educational Objectives of Anatomy Atlases?

      AnatomyAtlases.org's Educational Objectives are based upon the ACGME General Competencies:

4. Who curates Anatomy Atlases?

   AnatomyAtlases.org is curated by Ronald A. Bergman, Ph.D.

   Dr. Bergman has taught anatomy for nearly half a century. He holds B.S., M.S., and Ph.D. degrees from the University of Illinois and was a fellow at the Karolinska Institute in Stockholm, Sweden. He has held faculty appointments at the Johns Hopkins University Medical School and the American University of Beirut. He joined the University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine faculty in 1980, and retired from there in 1997. Always the teacher, Dr. Bergman continues to reach new generations of students through Anatomy Atlases

5. Sum it all up?

   "Variability is the law of life, and as no two faces are the same, so no two bodies are alike..." - Sir William Osler

6. Further Questions?

   See our Frequently Asked Questions

"Burnett in 1816 described an epidemic of a short term fever occurring among the Naval Forces engaged in the Siege of Malta in 1799, and this fever was almost certainly phlebotomus" (Coulter, The Royal Naval Medical Service: Administration, p. 230). Digital facsimile from Google Books at this link.

This exceptionally long and comprehensive (246pp., 39 text illustrations) thesis was the first French work on hand surgery. Digital facsimile from Google Books at this link.

Digital facsimile from BnFgallica at this link.

Digital facsimile from Google Books at this link.

Detailed catalogue, illustrated by photography, of the Musée Dupuytren, a museum of gross pathology. When this catalogue was published the museum contained about 6000 items.

Kobelt provided the first comprehensive and accurate description of the function of the clitoris.Digital facsimile from digi.ub.uni-heidelberg at this link.

“The first successful operation for rectal cancer was performed by Lisfranc in 1826. This consisted of excising the anus and rectum via the perineum, which resulted in the functional equivalent of a perineal colostomy” (Warren, History of Excision of the Rectum, Proc R Soc Med. 1957, 50, 599-600).

“In the pre-anesthetic era Jacques Lisfranc (1790-1847) of Paris was the first to perform a planned operation for cancer of the rectum. Lisfranc's operation was a limited excision of the lower end of the rectum from a perineal approach and was first performed in 1826. A few years later in a paper read before the Académie Royale de Médecine, he reported the results in 9 patients, 6 of whom survived and were more or less continent” (Tebala, History of colorectal surgery, Int J Colorectal Dis, 2015, 30, 723-748).

Digital facsimile from Google Books at this link.

Published as Vol. 1 of Oeuvres de Docteur Jules Guerin, of which this work was all published. Digital facsimile from Google Books at this link.

Relative to the suffering of Napoleon's soldiers during the bitter cold of Russian winters, includes methodology of resucitation of victims of freezing. Digital facsimile of thesis issue of the 1817 edition from the Internet Archive at this link. The same publisher also issued a trade issue in 1817.

Translated into English by John Clendinning as A treatise on the effects and properties of cold, with a sketch, historical and medical, of the Russian campaign. With an appendix by the translator. Edinburgh: Machlachlan & Stewart, 1826. Digital facsimile of the translation from Google Books at this link.

The first French monograph on osteopathy.

Plumbe was one of the most outspoken critics of Willan and Bateman’s morphological system of skin disease classification. In his Practical Treatise he was the first dermatologist to attempt to produce a classification of skin diseases based on etiology. [Plumbe] "attempted to organize his material according to the ‘constitutional causes’ of each disease, along with ‘due consideration of the organic structure and physiology of the part of the skin on which it is seated’ . . . Along with the conflicts between the champions of the morphologic and etiologic approaches to the study of skin diseases, another development of the future was anticipated in the work of Samuel Plumbe—the introduction of anatomic evidence on the macroscopic level in the support of theories of pathogenesis . . . In the next decade [Plumbe’s] anatomic methods and habits of thought were picked up by Erasmus Wilson, improved and incorporated into the British dermatologic ethos well enough to allow the transition to the cellular theories of disease to be made more smoothly in Britain than it was in France, where efforts of the same nature on the part of Pierre Rayer were ignored” (Crissy and Parrish, pp. 34-36). Plumbe was the first to perform manual epilation (hair removal) as part of the treatment for diseases of the scalp. The frontispiece of the Practical Treatise illustrates Plumbe’s division of skin diseases into five major categories; the engraved image is printed in reddish ink with other colors added by hand. Crissy and Parrish, The Dermatology and Syphilology of the Nineteenth Century, pp. 34-37. 

Digital edition available from https://library.uab.edu/images/reynolds-finley/collections/otolaryngology/pappas-annotated-bibliography.pdf

Gilchrist recommended sea voyages as treatment for pulmonary tuberculosis and other diseases. Digital facsimile from Google Books at this link. Much expanded French translation by Edme-Claude Bourru as Utilité des voyages sur mer pour la cure des différentes maladies et notamment de la consomption. 2 vols., Paris: Didot jeune, 1770. The translator added a recommendation of therapeutic pneumothorax in the treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis. Digital facsimile of the 1770 also from Google Books at this link.

The first complete textbook of pediatric neurosurgery. Ingraham, a protegé of Harvey Cushing, established the first pediatric neurosurgery unit at Peter Bent Brigham Hospital in 1929.

Digital facsimile from BnFgallica at this link.

Duzan's thesis was the first treatise exclusively on cancer in childhood. He was able to collect 182 cases. All 182 cases were of pediatric sarcoma: 70 of the eye, 45 of the kidney, 11 of the testicle, 8 of the prostate, and the remainder divided among the bones, tongue, abdomen, brain and dura mater, lung, pancreas, liver, tonsils, rectum and stomach. 
Digital facsimile from wellcomecollection.org at this link.

Digital facsimile from the Internet Archive at this link.

Poincaré reviewed 105 industries.  He was the father of mathematician Henri Poincaré. Digital facsimile from BnFgallica at this link.

Digital edition available at https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK230742/ .

"Social welfare policy in the United States has gone from controversy in the 1930s, to consensus at mid-century, and back to controversy and confusion in the late twentieth century. In America's Welfare State, Edward Berkowitz offers a concise and informative historical overview of this costly and often frustrating area of domestic policy" (publisher).

"The Medical Follow-up Agency is a national treasure for veterans and for long-term studies of health. Its data resources provide incomparable opportunities to follow very important populations and to ask creative questions about their well-being as well as the occurrence and significance of illness. The Twin Registry provides an opportunity to understand the impact of heredity on health and disease in a population of more than 16,000 pairs of twins (i.e., 32,000 veterans).

"The Medical Follow-up Agency is a living tribute to the vision, energy, and effectiveness of Michael E. DeBakey, M.D. Dr. DeBakey created the idea for the agency, obtained the appropriate approvals, staffed its initial creation, and 50 years later, spoke on the occasion of its golden anniversary. This sequence of events must be unique in the history of veterans' health and medical research" ([publisher).

Digital edition is available from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK230837/.

Published in the US as Adventures in the Orgasmatron: How the sexual revolution came to America. New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 2011.

"The popularity and practice of alternative medicine continues to expand at astonishing rates. In Healing Traditions, Bonnie Blair O'Connor considers the conflicts that arise between the values and assumptions of Western, scientific medicine and those of unconventional health systems. Providing in-depth examples of the importance and benefits of alternative health practices--including the extraordinarily extensive and sophisticated HIV/AIDS alternative therapies movement--O'Connor identifies ways to integrate alternative strategies with orthodox medical treatments in order to ensure the best possible care for patients.

"In spite of the long-standing prediction that, as science and medicine progressed--and education became more generally available--unconventional systems would die out, they have persisted with undiminished vitality. They have, in fact, experienced a reinvigoration and expansion during the last fifteen to twenty years. In the United States, this renewal is fueled by people representing a wide cross-section of American society, and most of them also use conventional medicine. This eclecticism can result in conflicts between the values and assumptions of Western, scientific medicine and those of unconventional health systems" (publisher).

Though the title might be translated as a library of medical writings, the set is an extensive bio-bibliographical dictionary of medical writers. Digital facsimile from Google Books at this link.

A compilation of mostly complete surgical treatises, representing what Manget considered an essential surgical library of then-modern as well as classical texts-- a surgical library in 4 large volumes. Digital facsimile from Google Books at this link.

With reproductions of the original engraved plates, Bibliotheca anatomica was the most extensive compilation of anatomical treatises published in the 17th century. It was an extensive anatomical library in 2 thick volumes. Digital facsimile from Google Books at this link.

A library of chemical and alchemical works, including various alchemical works (some illustrated) that were already rare by Manget's time. Digital facsimile from the Internet Archive at this link.

First edition of Leoniceno's collected works edited by Andreas Leennius, about whom little is known. Digital facsimile from Google Books at this link.

"The first work devoted to the staged, embryonic human brain."

Digital facsimile from Universitätsbibliothek Heidelberg at this link.

Digital facsimile from embyrology.med.unsw.edu at this link . 

https://embryology.med.unsw.edu.au/embryology/index.php/Historic_Embryology_Papers#Introduction

"Introduction

The linked papers are intended to give some historic background to Embryology. Historically, say pre-20th century, Embryology was not easily separated from Medicine, Anatomy and Physiology and other biological sciences. At the turn of last century the detailed study and attempts to standardise development of human embryos began. Just a few key embryo collections formed the basis of many of the human published literature. The development of animals models were also standardised into developmental stages.

'This page also links to full versions of some of these historic embryology papers. These papers are often included in the Historic links section of each system notes.

Digital facsimile of the much-enlarged 1692 second edition from the Internet Archive at this link.

Dandy was the first surgeon to directly clip an intracranial aneurysm.

Cushing's most extensive contribution to pediatric neurosurgery concerned his operative experience with these tumors (often benign) that most frequently occur in childhood.

Revised and best third edition, Park Ridge, IL: American Association of Neurological Surgeons, 1993. This includes a photographic essay, with extensive captions, by Richard Upjohn Light.

Order of authorship in the original paper: Cossart, Field, Cant. First description of Parvovirus B19, the first human parvovirus discovered. It is among the smallest DNA viruses and is most often known for causing diseases in children, though it can also affect adults.

(Thanks to Juan Weiss for this reference and its interpretation.)

This single page document was published as a Letter to the Editor of The Lancet. Order of authorship of the letter: Anderson, Jones, Fisher-Hoch.... Identification of human parvovirus as the cause of "Fifth disease".  [The Lancet also designates the volume number as 321.]

(Thanks to Juan Weiss for this reference and its interpretation.)

Demonstration of the devastating effect of human parvovirus B19 on the human fetus. (Thanks to Juan Weiss for this reference and its interpretation.)

Order of authorship in the original paper: Taylor, Makunde, McGarry.... The authors treated infection by the parasitic worm Wuchereria bancrofti, cause of elephantiasis (lymphatic filariasis), by killing the Wolbachia bacteria inside the worm with the antibiotic doxycycline. Since the worm requires the Wolbachia (a symbiont) to live, killing the Wolbachia bacteria eliminates the worm and cures the disease.

(Thanks to Juan Weiss for this reference and its interpretation.)

Order of authorship in the original paper: Schooley, Biswas, Gill .... Successful experimental treatment of a highly antibiotic resistant Acinetobacter baumannii infection by bacteriophage therapy.

"In 2016, while serving as the Head of the Division of Infectious Diseases at the UC San Diego School of Medicine, Schooley was approached by his colleague, Dr. Steffanie Strathdee, to help save her husband's life by using bacteriophages (phages). Strathdee's husband, Dr. Tom Patterson, was suffering from a life-threatening multi-drug resistant Acinetobacter baumannii infection, that he had acquired while on vacation in Egypt. Schooley, acting as the primary infectious disease physician, along with Strathdee and a team of researchers and physicians from Texas A&M University, Adaptive Phage Therapeutics, the US Navy, UC San Diego School of Medicine, and San Diego State University, worked together to source, purify and administer phages that were active against the strain of bacteria with which Patterson was infected. Schooley was responsible for successfully navigating the Food and Drug Administration's emergency investigational new drug process, to obtain approval to administer the experimental therapy. After multiple phage cocktail administrations, provided from the partnering laboratories and companies, Patterson was cured of his infection and eventually made a full recovery" (Wikipedia article on Robert T. Schooley).

Steffanie Strathdee and Thomas L. Patterson published a book on this case and its cure: The perfect predator: A scientist's race to save her husband from a deadly superbug. New York: Hachette Books, 2019.

Digital facsimile of the 2017 paper from PubMedCentral at this link.

(Thanks to Juan Weiss for this reference and its interpretation.)

"Purveyors of spiritualized medicine have been legion in American religious history, but few have achieved the superstar status of Dr. John Harvey Kellogg and his Battle Creek Sanitarium. In its heyday, the 'San' was a combination spa and Mayo Clinic. Founded in 1866 under the auspices of the Seventh-day Adventist Church and presided over by the charismatic Dr. Kellogg, it catered to many well-heeled health seekers including Henry Ford, John D. Rockefeller, and Presidents Taft and Harding. It also supported a hospital, research facilities, a medical school, a nursing school, several health food companies, and a publishing house dedicated to producing materials on health and wellness. Rather than focusing on Kellogg as the eccentric creator of corn flakes or a megalomaniacal quack, Brian C. Wilson takes his role as a physician and a theological innovator seriously and places his religion of 'Biologic Living' in an on-going tradition of sacred health and wellness. With the fascinating and unlikely story of the 'San' as a backdrop, Wilson traces the development of this theology of physiology from its roots in antebellum health reform and Seventh-day Adventism to its ultimate accommodation of genetics and eugenics in the Progressive Era" (publisher). 

This was my first effort as a publisher. I was responsible for the illustrations, the captions, and for chosing the appendices - JMN.

Richard Golden issued an Addenda to this bibliography in 1997.

This is the definitive edition of a bibliography originated by Sir Geoffrey Keynes. It contains a new introduction by Whitteridge, taking account of then-recent research, particularly on Harvey’s manuscript works. Editions of Harvey’s works published since the second edition of the bibliography issued in 1953 were added, the details of locations of copies were updated, and the census of copies of the first edition of De motu cordis was revised. Norman Publishing was the co-publisher of this title.

An extensively annotated bibliography of all of Virchow's medical writings, but not including his many contributions to anthropology