An Interactive Annotated World Bibliography of Printed and Digital Works in the History of Medicine and the Life Sciences from Circa 2000 BCE to 2024 by Fielding H. Garrison (1870-1935), Leslie T. Morton (1907-2004), and Jeremy M. Norman (1945- ) Traditionally Known as “Garrison-Morton”

16058 entries, 14142 authors and 1947 subjects. Updated: November 9, 2024

Browse by Entry Number 1000–1099

117 entries
  • 1000

Sur le mécanisme de la formation du sucre dans le foie.

C. R. Acad. Sci. (Paris), 41, 461-69, 1855.

The culmination of Bernard’s work on the glycogenic function of the liver. He invented the term “internal secretion” and can be said to have started the scientific investigation of the internal secretions, although for 30 years the significance of his work was not generally realized. By his research on glycogen Bernard showed that the body can not only break down, but can also build up, complex chemical substances.



Subjects: GASTROENTEROLOGY › Anatomy & Physiology of Digestion, HEPATOLOGY › Hepatic Physiology
  • 1000.1

Mémoire sur le pancréas et sur le rôle du sue pancréatique dans les phénomènes digestifs.

Suppl. C. R. Acad. Sci. (Paris), 1, 379-563, 1856.

The most beautifully illustrated of all Bernard’s writings, which summed up the results of his work on the role of the pancreas in digestion. English translation as Memoir on the pancreas, and on the role of pancreatic juice in digestive processes, particularly in the digestion of neutral fat,  translated by John Henderson, reproducing the color plates in color. London, 1985.



Subjects: GASTROENTEROLOGY › Anatomy & Physiology of Digestion, HEPATOLOGY › Hepatic Anatomy, HEPATOLOGY › Hepatic Physiology
  • 1001

Sur une fonction peu connue du pancréas. La digestion des aliments azotés. 10 pts.

Paris: V. Masson, 18571863.

Corvisart showed that pancreatic proteolysis takes place at body temperature, in acid, alkaline, or neutral media.



Subjects: GASTROENTEROLOGY › Anatomy & Physiology of Digestion, HEPATOLOGY › Hepatic Physiology
  • 1002

Mémoire sur un point d’anatomie pathologique relatif à l’histoire de la cirrhose.

Mém. Acad. imp. Méd. (Paris), 23, 269-78, 1859.

“Sappey’s veins” in the falciform ligament of the liver.



Subjects: GASTROENTEROLOGY › Anatomy & Physiology of Digestion, HEPATOLOGY › Hepatic Anatomy
  • 1003

Beiträge zur Lehre von der Verdauung.

S.B.k. Akad. Wiss. Wien, math.-nat.Kl., 43, Abt.2, 601-23, 1861.


Subjects: GASTROENTEROLOGY › Anatomy & Physiology of Digestion
  • 1004

Ueber specifisch wirkende Körper des natürlichen und künstlichen pancreatischen Saftes.

Virchows Arch. path. Anat., 25, 279-307, 1862.

Discovery of trypsin.



Subjects: GASTROENTEROLOGY › Anatomy & Physiology of Digestion, HEPATOLOGY › Hepatic Physiology
  • 1005

Experimental researches into a new excretory function of the liver, consisting in the removal of cholesterine from the blood and its discharge from the body in the form of stercorine.

Amer. J. med. Sci., n.s. 44, 305-65, 1862.

Discovery, in the feces, of “stercorine” (coprosterol).



Subjects: GASTROENTEROLOGY › Anatomy & Physiology of Digestion, HEPATOLOGY › Hepatic Physiology
  • 1006

Ueber einen Plexus gangliosus myogastricus.

Jber. schles. Ges. vaterl. Cultur, (1862), 40, 103-04, 1863.

Auerbach’s plexus and ganglion. See also his book Ueber einen Plexus myentericus, Breslau, Morgenstern, 1862.



Subjects: GASTROENTEROLOGY › Anatomy & Physiology of Digestion
  • 1007

Ueber eine neue Methode den Dünndarm zu isolieren.

S.B.k. Akad. Wiss. Wien, math.-nat. Kl., Abt. I, 50, 77-96, 1865.

Thiry-Vella fistula. See also No. 1014.



Subjects: GASTROENTEROLOGY › Anatomy & Physiology of Digestion
  • 1008

Beiträge zur Lehre von der Speichelsecretion.

Stud, physiol. Inst. Breslau, 4, 1-124, 1868.


Subjects: GASTROENTEROLOGY › Anatomy & Physiology of Digestion
  • 1009
  • 1203

Beiträge zur mikroskopischen Anatomie der Bauchspeicheldrüse. Inaugural-Dissertation.

Berlin: Gustav Lange, 1869.

First account of the islets of Langerhans. In 1893 Édouard Laguesse attached the name of Langerhans to the structures. Langerhans did not suggest any function for them. The book was reprinted with an English translation by H. Morrison, Bull. Hist. Med., 1937, 5, 259-97.



Subjects: ANATOMY › 19th Century, Ductless Glands: Internal Secretion › Pancreas, GASTROENTEROLOGY › Anatomy & Physiology of Digestion, HEPATOLOGY › Hepatic Anatomy
  • 1010

Einige Versuche mit Fermenten, welche Stärke und Rohrzucker in Traubenzucker verwandeln.

Arch. Anat. Physiol. wiss. Med., 305-84, 1871.


Subjects: GASTROENTEROLOGY › Anatomy & Physiology of Digestion
  • 1011

Ueber die Wirkung einiger Gifte auf die Nerven der glandula submaxillaris.

Pflüg. Arch. ges. Physiol., 5, 309-18, 1872.

Study of the effect of poisons on the nerves of the submaxillary gland.



Subjects: GASTROENTEROLOGY › Anatomy & Physiology of Digestion, TOXICOLOGY › Neurotoxicology
  • 1012

Ueber das Trypsin.

Verh. naturh.-med. Ver. Heidelberg, n.F. 1, 194-98, 18741877.

Isolation of trypsin.



Subjects: GASTROENTEROLOGY › Anatomy & Physiology of Digestion
  • 1012.1

Ueber die Pepsinbildung in den Pylorusdrusen.

Pflüg. Arch. ges. Physiol., 18, 169-71, 1878.

Heidenhain pouch.



Subjects: ANATOMY › 19th Century, GASTROENTEROLOGY › Anatomy & Physiology of Digestion
  • 1013

Fisiologia del digiuni.

Florence: Sucessori Le Monnier, 1889.

Luciani distinguished three stages of starvation in man – hunger, physiological inanition, and pathological inanition. Digital facsimile from Google Books at this link.



Subjects: GASTROENTEROLOGY › Anatomy & Physiology of Digestion, NUTRITION / DIET, PHYSIOLOGY
  • 1014

Nuovo metodo per avere il succo enterico puro, e stabilime le proprietà fisiologiche.

Mem. r. Accad. Sci. Ist. Bologna, 2, 515-38, 1881.


Subjects: GASTROENTEROLOGY › Anatomy & Physiology of Digestion
  • 1015

Der Schluckmechanismus, seine Erregung und seine Hemmung.

Arch. Anat. Physiol., Physiol. Abt., Suppl.-Bd., 328-62, 1883.

An experimental study, by means of a balloon, of swallowing and of oesophageal contractions.



Subjects: GASTROENTEROLOGY › Anatomy & Physiology of Digestion
  • 1016

Ueber die nächsten Spaltungsproducte der Eiweisskörper.

Z. Biol., 19, 159-208, 1883.

Kühne and Chittenden isolated and named several new substances during their investigation of the products of digestion. See also the same journal, 1884, 20, 11-51; 1886, 22, 409-58; 1889, 25, 358-67.



Subjects: GASTROENTEROLOGY › Anatomy & Physiology of Digestion
  • 1017
  • 6340

Die Darmbakterien des Säuglings und ihre Beziehungen zur Physiologie der Verdauung.

Stuttgart: Ferdinand Enke, 1886.

Includes the first account of Bact. coli infection. The organism was later renamed Escherichia coli (E.coli).

 



Subjects: BACTERIOLOGY › BACTERIA (mostly pathogenic; sometimes indexed only to genus) › Gram-Negative Bacteria › Escherichia coli, GASTROENTEROLOGY › Diseases of the Digestive System, INFECTIOUS DISEASE › Food-Borne Diseases
  • 1018

D’une disposition à sphincter spéciale de l’ouverture du canal cholédoque.

Arch. ital. Biol., 8, 317-22, 1887.

“Sphincter of Oddi” of the bile duct, already known to Glisson in 1654. Reprinted as a pamphlet, Perugia, 1887.



Subjects: ANATOMY › 19th Century, GASTROENTEROLOGY › Anatomy & Physiology of Digestion
  • 1018.1

Quelques points de l’anatomie et de la chirurgie des voies biliaires.

Bull. Soc. anat. Paris, 5 sér., 5, 480-500., 1891.

“Hartmann’s pouch”, a dilatation of the neck of the gall-bladder.



Subjects: ANATOMY › 19th Century, GASTROENTEROLOGY › Anatomy & Physiology of Digestion
  • 1019

Neue Versuche liber die Aufsaugung im Dunndarm.

Pflüg. Arch. ges. Physiol., 56, 579-631, 1894.


Subjects: GASTROENTEROLOGY › Anatomy & Physiology of Digestion
  • 1020

Thierisches Leben ohne Bakterien im Verdauungskanal.

Hoppe-Seyl. Z. physiol. Chem., 21, 109-21; 22, 62-73; 23, 231-35, 18951896, 18961897.

Proof that healthy life and perfect digestion are possible without the presence of bacteria in the digestive tract.



Subjects: GASTROENTEROLOGY › Anatomy & Physiology of Digestion, MICROBIOLOGY › Microbiome
  • 1021

Zur Frage über den Bau des Darmkanals.

Arch. mikr. Anat., 49, 7-35, 1897.

The “cells of Kultschitzky” in the epithelium of the intestine, between the cells which line the gland of Lieberkühn.



Subjects: ANATOMY › 19th Century, GASTROENTEROLOGY › Anatomy & Physiology of Digestion
  • 1022

Lektsii o rabotie glavnikh pishtshevaritelnikh zhelyoz. [Lectures on the work of the principal digestive glands.]

St. Petersburg, Russia: I. N. Kushnereff, 1897.

Pavlov's classic study of the physiology of digestion. Especially notable was his method of producing gastric and pancreatic fistulae for the purpose of his experiments. The second published edition was a German translation by A. Walther, Wiesbaden, J.F. Bergmann, 1898. The work was translated into English in 1902, with a second edition appearing in 1910. A translation of Pavlov’s description of the stomach pouch devised by him is in J. F. Fulton’s Selected readings in the history of physiology, 2nd ed., 1966, pp. 192-93.

In 1904 Pavlov was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine "in recognition of his work on the physiology of digestion, through which knowledge on vital aspects of the subject has been transformed and enlarged."



Subjects: GASTROENTEROLOGY › Anatomy & Physiology of Digestion, NOBEL PRIZES › Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
  • 1023

On the topographical anatomy of abdominal viscera in man, especially the gastrointestinal canal.

J. Anat. Physiol., 33, 565-86, 1899.

“Addison’s transpyloric plane”. Addison was Britain’s first Minister of Health (1919-21).



Subjects: ANATOMY › 19th Century, ANATOMY › Topographical Anatomy, GASTROENTEROLOGY › Anatomy & Physiology of Digestion
  • 1024

The mechanism of pancreatic secretion.

J. Physiol. (Lond.), 28, 325-53, 1902.

Demonstration of the existence of secretin in the duodenal secretion. Preliminary note in Lancet, 1902, 1, 813.



Subjects: GASTROENTEROLOGY › Anatomy & Physiology of Digestion
  • 1025

Die Gesetze des Energieverbrauchs bei der Ernährung.

Leipzig: Franz Deuticke, 1902.

Rubner’s classic work on the influence of foodstuffs on metabolism. In it he introduced the term “specific dynamic action of the foodstuffs”.



Subjects: BIOCHEMISTRY › Metabolism, GASTROENTEROLOGY › Anatomy & Physiology of Digestion
  • 1026

The chemical mechanism of gastric secretion.

J. Physiol. (Lond.), 34, 133-44, 1906.

Gastric secretin (gastrin) was first described by Edkins. A preliminary communication is in Proc. roy. Soc. B, 1905, 76, 376.



Subjects: GASTROENTEROLOGY › Anatomy & Physiology of Digestion
  • 1027

The influence of inanition on metabolism.

Washington, DC: Carnegie Institution of Washington, 1907.


Subjects: BIOCHEMISTRY › Metabolism
  • 1028

Studien über die spezifische Anpassung der Verdauungssäfte. III. Mittheilung.

Hoppe-Seyl. Z. physiol. Chem., 68, 374-77, 1910.

Digital facsimile from ECHO at this link.



Subjects: GASTROENTEROLOGY › Anatomy & Physiology of Digestion, WOMEN, Publications by › Years 1900 - 1999
  • 1029

The mechanical factors of digestion.

London: E. Arnold & Co., 1911.

Summarized research begun in 1896. See No. 3519.



Subjects: GASTROENTEROLOGY › Anatomy & Physiology of Digestion
  • 1030

Contributions to the physiology of the stomach.

Amer. J. Physiol., 31, 151-68, 175-92, 212-22, 318-27; 32, 245-63, 19121913, 1913.

Carlson recorded stomach movements by means of a balloon inserted through a gastric fistula. Much of his important work on gastric physiology was summed up in his book published in 1916. See No. 1033.



Subjects: GASTROENTEROLOGY › Anatomy & Physiology of Digestion
  • 1031

Le mouvement de l’intestin en circulation artificielle (chez les vertébrés). Thèses présentées a la Faculté des sciences de Paris.

Paris: J.-B. Baillière et fils, 1913.

Cinematographic studies of the movements of the intestines in animals. Digital facsimile from the Internet Archive at this link.



Subjects: GASTROENTEROLOGY › Anatomy & Physiology of Digestion, IMAGING › Photography / Photomicrography
  • 1032

Die äussere Sekretion der Verdauungsdrüsen.

Berlin: Julius Springer, 1914.


Subjects: GASTROENTEROLOGY › Anatomy & Physiology of Digestion
  • 1033

The control of hunger in health and disease.

Chicago, IL: University Press, 1916.

Digital facsimile from the Internet Archive at this link.



Subjects: GASTROENTEROLOGY › Anatomy & Physiology of Digestion, Obesity Research
  • 1034

Physiologische und pharmakologische Versuche über die Dünndarmperistaltik.

Arch. exp. Path. Pharmak., 81, 55-129, 1917.

 "Trendelenburg preparation", a preparation used in determining the actions of pharmacological agents on peristalsis.



Subjects: GASTROENTEROLOGY › Anatomy & Physiology of Digestion, PHARMACOLOGY
  • 1035

The mechanics of the digestive tract.

New York: Paul B. Hoeber, 1922.

Includes (p. 111) his smooth diet for duodenal ulcer. Fourth edition entitled Introduction to gastro-enterology, 1950.



Subjects: GASTROENTEROLOGY › Anatomy & Physiology of Digestion
  • 1036

Basal metabolism in health and disease.

Philadelphia: Lea & Febiger, 1924.


Subjects: BIOCHEMISTRY › Metabolism, Metabolism & Metabolic Disorders
  • 1037

Contributions to the physiology of gastric secretion. The proof of a humoral mechanism. A new procedure for the study of gastric physiology.

Amer. J. Physiol., 74, 639-49, 1925.


Subjects: GASTROENTEROLOGY › Anatomy & Physiology of Digestion
  • 1038

Demonstration of the humoral agent in fat inhibition of gastric secretion.

Proc. Soc. exp. Biol. (N.Y.), 27, 890-91, 1930.

The work of Kosaka and Lim led to the discovery of a hormone inhibiting gastric secretion (“enterogastrone”).



Subjects: GASTROENTEROLOGY › Anatomy & Physiology of Digestion
  • 1038.1

Crystalline pepsin.

J. gen. Physiol., 13, 739-80, 1930.

Crystallization of pepsin and its identity as a protein. 

In 1946 Northrop shared half of the Nobel Prize in Chemistry with Wendell Meredith Stanley "for their preparation of enzymes and virus proteins in a pure form." The other half was awarded to James Bathcellor Sumner "for his discovery that enzymes can be crystallized."



Subjects: BIOCHEMISTRY, BIOLOGY › MOLECULAR BIOLOGY › Protein Structure, GASTROENTEROLOGY › Anatomy & Physiology of Digestion, NOBEL PRIZES › Nobel Prize in Chemistry (selected)
  • 1039

Ueber die pharmakodynamischen Wirkungen und chemischen Eigenschaften des Secretins.

Skand. Arch. Physiol., 70, 10-87, 1934.

Preparation of crystalline secretin.



Subjects: GASTROENTEROLOGY › Anatomy & Physiology of Digestion, PHARMACOLOGY › Pharmacodynamics
  • 1040

Radioactive iron absorption by gastro-intestinal tract. Influence of anemia, anoxia, and antecedent feeding distribution in growing dogs.

J. exp. Med., 78, 169-88, 1943.

An important contribution to the knowledge of iron absorption. With W. F. Bale, J. F. Ross, W. M. Balfour, and G. H. Whipple.



Subjects: GASTROENTEROLOGY › Anatomy & Physiology of Digestion
  • 1040.1

Pancreozymin, a stimulant of the secretion of pancreatic enzymes in extracts of the small intestine.

J. Physiol. (Lond.), 102, 115-25, 1943.


Subjects: GASTROENTEROLOGY › Anatomy & Physiology of Digestion
  • 1041

Human gastric function. An experimental study of a man and his stomach.

New York: Oxford University Press, 1943.

Important experiments on gastric function, made on “Tom”, a man who had a gastric fistula from the age of 9. Second edition in 1947.



Subjects: GASTROENTEROLOGY › Anatomy & Physiology of Digestion, PSYCHOSOMATIC MEDICINE
  • 1041.1
  • 597.1

Précis élémentaire de physiologie. 2 vols.

Paris: Méquignon-Marvis, 18161817.

The first modern physiology textbook, in which doctrine gave way to simple, precise descriptions of experimental facts. Vol. 2 contains Magendie’s classic demonstration of the importance of nitrogenous food, or protein, in the food supply of mammals. In the course of his experiments on dogs fed non-nitrogenous substances, Magendie also induced the first experimental cases of what would later be called an avitaminosis (specifically, lack of vitamin A.) Translated into English by John Revere as A summary of physiology, Baltimore, Edward J. Coale & Co., 1822.

Digital facsimile of the 1822 edition from wellcomecollection.org at this link.



Subjects: GASTROENTEROLOGY › Anatomy & Physiology of Digestion, NUTRITION / DIET › Vitamins, PHYSIOLOGY
  • 1042

Ueber die Bedeutung der anorganischen Salze für die Ernährung des Thiers.

Hoppe-Seyl. Z. physiol. Chem., 5, 31-39, 1881.

Working in Bunge’s laboratory, Lunin prepared synthetic milk diets and showed that they lacked an unknown factor necessary for animal growth, and that animals cannot live on a chemically pure (i.e. vitamin-free) diet. This was the starting point of modern research on vitamins.



Subjects: NUTRITION / DIET › Vitamins
  • 1043

Physiological economy in nutrition.

New York: F. A. Stokes Co., 1904.

Chittenden, founder of the first laboratory of physiological chemistry in the U.S.A., made many important experiments in nutrition, especially in connexion with the low protein diet advocated by him.



Subjects: NUTRITION / DIET
  • 1044

The analyst and the medical man.

Analyst, 31, 385-404, 1906.

Hopkins predicted the existence of vitamins as early as 1906. He fed animals a diet of zein which failed to maintain growth; however, the animals grew at once when casein was substituted. He concluded that “in the organs must appear special, indispensable active substances which the tissues can only make from special precursors in the diet”.



Subjects: NUTRITION / DIET › Vitamins
  • 1045

The elements of the science of nutrition.

Philadelphia: W. B. Saunders, 1906.

A classic exposition of respiratory and intermediary metabolism. Fourth edition, 1928. Reprint of Lusk’s personal annotated copy of the fourth edition, with biography and bibliography of his writings, New York, Johnson Reprint, 1976.



Subjects: BIOCHEMISTRY › Metabolism, NUTRITION / DIET
  • 1046

Versuche über Fütterung mit lipoidfreier Nahrung.

Biochem. Z., 22, 452-60, 1909.

Stepp discovered that removal of fat from the diet greatly reduced its nutritive value, but that substitution of pure fats did not replace the deficiency. He thus discovered the existence of fat-soluble vitamins, without fully realizing what he had discovered. For his later papers, see the Zeitschrift für Biologie, 1911, 57, 135; 1913, 62, 405.     



Subjects: NUTRITION / DIET, NUTRITION / DIET › Vitamins
  • 1047
  • 3744

On the chemical nature of the substance which cures polyneuritis in birds induced by a diet of polished rice.

J. Physiol., (Lond.), 43, 395-400, 19111912.

One of the earliest attempts to isolate what later became known as vitamin B1.See No. 1051.

Funk determined the chemical nature of the substance in rice polishings which could cure beriberi.



Subjects: NUTRITION / DIET › Deficiency Diseases › Beriberi, NUTRITION / DIET › Vitamins
  • 1048

Feeding experiments illustrating the importance of accessory factors in normal dietaries.

J. Physiol. (Lond.), 44, 425-60, 1912.

In 1929 Hopkins shared the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine with Eijkman "for his discovery of the growth-stimulating vitamins."



Subjects: NOBEL PRIZES › Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine , NUTRITION / DIET › Vitamins
  • 1049

The necessity of certain lipids in the diet during growth.

J. biol. Chem., 15,167-75, 1913.

Discovery of “fat-soluble A” (vitamin A). See also J. biol. Chem., 1915, 23,181-246, in which the same authors showed the necessity in diet for at least two factors – “fat-soluble A” and “water-soluble B”.



Subjects: NUTRITION / DIET › Vitamins, WOMEN, Publications by › Years 1900 - 1999
  • 1050

The relation of growth to the chemical constituents of the diet.

J. biol. Chem., 15, 311-26, 1913.

Like McCollum and Davis, Osborne and Mendel showed the necessity in diet of a factor which was later to be known as vitamin A.



Subjects: NUTRITION / DIET › Vitamins
  • 1051

Die Vitamine

Wiesbaden: J. F. Bergmann, 1914.

A pioneer work in the study of vitamins. Much of the previous literature is reviewed. Funk introduced the term “vitamine”, later changed to “vitamin”. In 1912 (J. State Med., 20, 341) he postulated his theory of the existence of unknown but essential factors in diet. See No. 1047.



Subjects: NUTRITION / DIET › Vitamins
  • 1052

The newer knowledge of nutrition.

New York: Macmillan, 1918.


Subjects: NUTRITION / DIET
  • 1053

Note on the role of the antiscorbutic factor in nutrition.

Biochem. J., 13, 77-80, 1919.

In 1920 Drummond suggested the term “vitamin”.



Subjects: NUTRITION / DIET › Deficiency Diseases › Scurvy, NUTRITION / DIET › Vitamins
  • 1054

Fat-soluble vitamine. VII. The fat-soluble vitamine and yellow pigmentation in animal fats with some observations on its stability to saponification.

J. biol. Chem., 47, 89-109, 1921.

Separation of vitamin A from vitamin D. With M. Sell and M. Van R. Buell.



Subjects: NUTRITION / DIET › Vitamins
  • 1054.1

Studies on experimental rickets. XXI. An experimental demonstration of the existence of a vitamin which promotes calcium deposition.

J. biol. Chem., 53, 293-312, 1922.

Discovery of vitamin D. with N. Simmonds, J. E. Becker, and P. G. Shipley.



Subjects: NUTRITION / DIET › Deficiency Diseases › Rickets, NUTRITION / DIET › Vitamins
  • 1055

On the existence of a hitherto unrecognized dietary factor essential for reproduction.

Science, 56, 650-51, 1922.

Discovery of vitamin E. See also their later paper in J. Amer. med. Ass.,1923, 81, 889-92.



Subjects: NUTRITION / DIET › Vitamins, WOMEN, Publications by › Years 1900 - 1999
  • 1056

Fat-soluble vitamin. XXVI. Antirachitic property of milk and its increase by direct irradiation and by irradiation of the animal.

J. biol. Chem., 66, 441-49, 1925.

Demonstration that the therapeutic properties of ultra-violet light could be effectively stored in foods and later released after consumption. With E. B. Hart, C. A. Hoppert, and A. Black.



Subjects: NUTRITION / DIET › Deficiency Diseases › Rickets, NUTRITION / DIET › Vitamins
  • 1057

A further study of butter, fresh beef, and yeast as pellagra preventives, with consideration of the relation of factor P-P of pellagra (and black tongue of dogs) to vitamin B.

U.S. publ. Hlth Rep., 41, 297-318, 1926.

Anti-pellagra vitamin (B2, riboflavine). With G. A. Wheeler, R. D. Lillie, and L. M. Rogers.



Subjects: NUTRITION / DIET › Deficiency Diseases › Pellagra
  • 1058
  • 3746

Antineuritische Vitamine.

Chem. Weekbl., 23, 1387-1409, 1926.

Isolation of vitamin B1 (aneurine, thiamine), lack of which is a cause of beri-beri.



Subjects: NUTRITION / DIET › Deficiency Diseases › Beriberi
  • 1058.1

The anti-rachitic properties of irradiated sterols.

Biochem. J., 20, 537-44, 1926.

Proof that the irradiation of ergosterol formed vitamin D.



Subjects: NUTRITION / DIET › Deficiency Diseases › Rickets, NUTRITION / DIET › Vitamins
  • 1059

Observations on the function of peroxidase systems and the chemistry of the adrenal cortex. Description of a new carbohydrate derivative.

Biochem. J., 22, 1387-1409, 1928.

Isolation of vitamin C, ascorbic acid.

In 1937 Szent-Györgyi was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine "for his discoveries in connexion with the biological combustion process with special reference to vitamin C and the catalysis of fumaric acid."



Subjects: NOBEL PRIZES › Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine , NUTRITION / DIET › Vitamins
  • 1060

The tripartite nature of vitamin B.

J. biol. Chem., 78, 311-22, 1928.

Vitamin B3.



Subjects: NUTRITION / DIET › Vitamins
  • 1061

The absorption spectrum of vitamin D.

Proc. roy. Soc. B, 94, 561-83, 1929.

See No. 1065. With C. Fischmann, R. G. C. Jenkins, and T. A. Webster.



Subjects: NUTRITION / DIET › Vitamins
  • 1062

Cholesterinstoffwechsel in Hühnereiern und Hühnchen.

Biochem. Z., 215, 475-92, 1929.

In 1943 Dam shared the Nobel Prize with Doisy "for discovery of vitamin K, the blood coagulating factor."



Subjects: NOBEL PRIZES › Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine , NUTRITION / DIET › Vitamins
  • 1063

On the nature and rôle of the fatty acids essential in nutrition.

J. Biol. Chem., 86, 587-621, 1930.

Demonstration of the need of the body for certain unsaturated fatty acids (vitamin F).



Subjects: NUTRITION / DIET › Vitamins, WOMEN, Publications by › Years 1900 - 1999
  • 1064

Maintenance nutrition in the adult pigeon and its relation to torulin (vitamin B1).

Biochem. J., 24, 1832-51, 1930.

Discovery of vitamin B5, probably identical with nicotinic acid. With H. W. Kinnersley and R. A. Peters.



Subjects: NUTRITION / DIET › Vitamins
  • 1065

The quantitative estimation of vitamin D by radiography.

London: H. M. Stationery Office, 1931.

Medical Research Council Special Report No. 158. R. B. Bourdillon, H. M. Bruce, C. Fischmann, R. G. C. Jenkins, and T. A. Webster isolated from irradiated ergosterol a crystalline compound, calciferol, which, weight for weight, has 400,000 times the anti-rachitic value of cod liver oil. See also No. 1061.



Subjects: › Rickets, NUTRITION / DIET › Vitamins
  • 1066

The vitamins.

London: Baillière, Tindall & Cox, 1931.


Subjects: NUTRITION / DIET › Vitamins, WOMEN in Medicine & the Life Sciences, Publications About
  • 1067

Crystalline vitamin D.

Proc. roy. Soc. B, 109, 488-506, 1932.

Written with R. B. Bourdillon, H. M. Bruce, R. K. Callow, J. St. L. Philpot, and T. A. Webster.



Subjects: NUTRITION / DIET › Vitamins
  • 1068

Synthese der d- und l-Ascorbinsäure (C-Vitamin).

Helv. chim. Acta, 16,1019-33, 1933.

T. Reichstein, A. Grüssner, and R. Oppenauer synthesized vitamin C.



Subjects: NUTRITION / DIET › Vitamins
  • 1068.1

“Pantothenic acid”, a growth determinant of universal biological occurrence.

J. Amer. chem. Soc., 55, 2912-27, 1933.

Discovery of pantothenic acid (vitamin B3). with C. M. Lyman, G. H. Goodyear, J. H. Truesdail, and D. Holaday.



Subjects: NUTRITION / DIET › Vitamins
  • 1069

The lyochromes: a new group of animal pigments.

Nature (Lond.), 133, 553-56, 1934.

Chemical formula of riboflavine (vitamin B2).



Subjects: NUTRITION / DIET › Vitamins
  • 1070

Vital need of the body for certain unsaturated fatty acids.

J. biol. Chem., 106, 431-50, 1934.

Isolation of vitamin F (linolenic acid). 



Subjects: NUTRITION / DIET › Vitamins
  • 1071

The isolation from wheat-germ oil of an alcohol, α-tocopherol, having the properties of vitamin E.

J. biol. Chem., 113, 319-32, 1936.

Isolation of vitamin E, named by Herbert M. Evans. 



Subjects: NUTRITION / DIET › Vitamins, WOMEN, Publications by › Years 1900 - 1999
  • 1071.1

Über das Bios-Problem. Darstellung von krystallisiertem Biotin aus Eigelb.

Hoppe-Seyl. Z. physiol. Chem., 242, 43-73, 1936.

Isolation of biotin (vitamin H).



Subjects: NUTRITION / DIET › Vitamins
  • 1072

Vitamin P: Flavonols as vitamins.

Nature (Lond.), 138, 27, 1936.

Discovery of vitamin P (“citrin”).



Subjects: NUTRITION / DIET › Vitamins
  • 1073
  • 3748

Synthesis of vitamin B1.

J. Amer. chem. Soc., 58, 1504-05, 1936.

Synthesis of aneurine.



Subjects: NUTRITION / DIET › Deficiency Diseases › Beriberi, NUTRITION / DIET › Vitamins
  • 1074

A crystalline vitamin A concentration.

Science, 85, 103, 1937.


Subjects: NUTRITION / DIET › Vitamins, WOMEN, Publications by › Years 1900 - 1999
  • 1075

Studies on vitamin E. The isolation of β-tocopherol from wheat germ oil.

Biochem. J., 31, 2257-63, 1937.

With F. Bergel and T. S. Work.



Subjects: NUTRITION / DIET › Vitamins
  • 1076

Further studies on the concentration of the antipellagra factor.

J. biol. Chem, 118, 693-99, 1937.

Chicken pellagra factor.



Subjects: › Pellagra, NUTRITION / DIET › Deficiency Diseases › Pellagra, NUTRITION / DIET › Vitamins
  • 1077
  • 3760

The isolation and identification of the anti-black tongue factor.

J. biol. Chem., 123, 137-49, 1938.

Isolation of nicotinic acid, the pellagra-preventing factor (Vitamin B3). With R. J. Madden, F. N. Strong, and D. W. Woolley.



Subjects: NUTRITION / DIET › Deficiency Diseases › Pellagra, NUTRITION / DIET › Vitamins
  • 1078

Vitamins and vitamin deficiencies. Vol. 1.

London: J.& A. Churchill, 1938.


Subjects: NUTRITION / DIET › Vitamins
  • 1079

α-Tocopherol.

Helv. chim. Acta, 21, 520-25, 1938.

P. Karrer, H. Fritzsche, B. H. Ringier, and H. Salomon synthesized vitamin E (α-tocopherol).



Subjects: NUTRITION / DIET › Vitamins
  • 1080

Isolierung des Vitamins K in hochgereinigter Form.

Helv. chim. Acta, 22, 310-313, 1939.

Isolation of vitamin K1 from alfalfa. It was isolated independently by R. W. McKee and his co-workers, J. Amer. chem. Soc., 1939, 61, 1295.



Subjects: NUTRITION / DIET › Vitamins
  • 1081

The isolation of vitamin K1.

J. biol. Chem., 130, 219-34, 1939.

Order of authorship in the original publication: Binkley, MacCorquodale, Thayer, Doisy.

In 1943 Doisy received half of  the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine  "for his discovery of the chemical nature of vitamin K."  Henrik Dam received the other half "for his discovery of Vitamin K." See also No. 1082.



Subjects: NOBEL PRIZES › Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine , NUTRITION / DIET › Vitamins
  • 1082

The constitution of vitamin K2.

J. biol. Chem., 133, 721-29, 1940.

Structural formula of vitamin K2.



Subjects: NUTRITION / DIET › Vitamins
  • 1083

Synthesis of vitamin K1.

J. Amer. chem. Soc., 61, 3467-75, 1939.


Subjects: NUTRITION / DIET › Vitamins
  • 1084

p-Aminobenzoic acid, a vitamin.

Science, 93, 164-65, 1941.

Recognition of β-amenobenzoic acid as a member of the vitamin-B complex.



Subjects: NUTRITION / DIET › Vitamins
  • 1085

A further note on the identity of vitamin H with biotin.

Science, 92, 609-10, 1940.

Isolation of β-biotin (formerly known as vitamin H). With D. B. Melville, P. György, and C. S. Rose.



Subjects: NUTRITION / DIET › Vitamins
  • 1086

Anemia in chicks caused by a vitamin deficiency.

J. biol. Chem., 132, 507-17, 1940.

Isolation of vitamin Bc (folic acid, pteroylglutamic acid). Preliminary communication in J. biol. Chem., 1939, 128, xlvi-xlvii.



Subjects: HEMATOLOGY › Anemia & Chlorosis, NUTRITION / DIET › Deficiency Diseases, NUTRITION / DIET › Vitamins
  • 1086.1

Observations on a substance in pancreas (a fat metabolizing hormone) which permits survival and prevents liver changes in depancreatized dogs.

Amer. J. Physiol., 117, 175-81, 1936.

Lipocaic. With J. Van Prohaska and H. P. Harms.



Subjects: HEPATOLOGY › Hepatic Physiology
  • 1087

The isolation of a new oxidation-reduction enzyme from lemon peel (vitamin P).

Science, 96, 302-03, 1942.

Isolation of vitamin P (hespendin chalcone).



Subjects: NUTRITION / DIET › Vitamins
  • 1088

Synthetic biotin.

Science, 97, 447-48, 1943.

Synthesis of biotin. With D. E. Wolf, R. Mozingo, and K. Folkers.



Subjects: NUTRITION / DIET › Vitamins
  • 1089

Zur Kenntnis des β-Biotins. 34. Mitteilung über pflanzliche Wachstumstoffe.

Hoppe-Seyl. Z. physiol. Chem., 279,140-52, 1943.

Isolation of α-biotin.



Subjects: NUTRITION / DIET › Vitamins
  • 1090

Unidentified growth factors for Lactobacillus lactis in refined liver extract.

J. biol. Chem., 169, 455-56, 1947.

Mary Shorb provided a method of biological assay of liver extracts that made possible the isolation of vitamin B12.



Subjects: NUTRITION / DIET › Vitamins, WOMEN, Publications by › Years 1900 - 1999
  • 1091

Crystalline vitamin B12.

Science, 107, 396-97, 1948.

With N. G. Brink, F. R. Koniuszy, T. R. Wood, and K. Folkers.



Subjects: NUTRITION / DIET › Vitamins
  • 1092

Presence of cobalt in the anti-pernicious anaemia factor.

Nature (Lond.), 162, 144-45, 1948.

Independently of Rickes et al., Lester Smith isolated vitamin B12 in Britain. See also Nature (Lond.), 1948, 161, 638.



Subjects: HEMATOLOGY › Anemia & Chlorosis, NUTRITION / DIET › Deficiency Diseases, NUTRITION / DIET › Vitamins
  • 1092.5

Bibliographical survey of vitamins 1650-1930, with a section on patents by M. H. Wodlinger.

Chicago, IL: M. H. Wodlinger, 1932.


Subjects: BIBLIOGRAPHY › Bibliographies of Specific Subjects, NUTRITION / DIET › History of Nutrition / Diet, NUTRITION / DIET › Vitamins, WOMEN, Publications by › Years 1900 - 1999
  • 1092.51

The Englishman’s food. A history of five centuries of English diet.

London: Jonathan Cape, 1939.

Revised edition, 1958.



Subjects: NUTRITION / DIET › History of Nutrition / Diet
  • 1092.52

A history of nutrition.

Boston, MA: Houghton Mifflin, 1957.


Subjects: NUTRITION / DIET › History of Nutrition / Diet
  • 1092.53

Das Vitaminbuch. Die Geschichte der Vitaminforschung.

Cologne: Kiepenheuer & Witsch, 1965.


Subjects: NUTRITION / DIET › History of Nutrition / Diet
  • 1092.54

Food: The gift of Osiris. 2 vols.

New York: Academic Press, 1977.

Extensively illustrated history of nutrition in ancient Egypt. 



Subjects: ANCIENT MEDICINE › Egypt › History of Ancient Medicine in Egypt, COUNTRIES, CONTINENTS AND REGIONS › Egypt, NUTRITION / DIET › History of Nutrition / Diet
  • 1093
  • 1139
  • 1228
  • 1538
  • 3668
  • 801

Opuscula anatomica.

Venice: V. Luchinas, 15631564.

Eustachius is credited with several anatomical discoveries, among them the tensor tympani muscle and the Eustachian tube, published in his chapter entitled De auditus organis. In the last respect, however, he was anticipated by Alcmaeon, about 500 BCE. Eustachius was the first to describe the chorda tympani as a nerve. Plate VIII illustrates the “Eustachian valve”, the valvula venae cavae in the right auricle. Eustachius recognized the thoracic duct in the horse and even detected some of its valves. His work on this structure was forgotten until Aselli’s description of the lacteals. This work includes first description of the adrenals. Several of the plates deal with the structure of the kidney.

Basing his work on the dissection of fetuses and newborn children, Eustachi was the first to study the teeth in any considerable detail. In his Libellus de dentibus attached to this work he provided an important description of the first and second dentitions and described the hard outer tissue and soft inner structure of the teeth. He also attempted an explanation of the problem of the sensitivity of the tooth’s hard structure. The Libellus has a separate title page dated 1563. It was reprinted with German translation, Wien, Urban & Schwarzenberg, 1951. It was translated into English by Joan H. Thomas and edited and introduced by David A. Chernin and Gerald Shlklar as as A little treatise on the teeth. The first authoritative book on dentistry (1563) (Canton, MA, 1999). Eustachi’s illustrations of the teeth were first published in his Tabulae anatomicae, edited by Giovanni Maria Lancisi (No. 391). For further information, including a discussion of the states of the Opuscula, see the entry at HistoryofInformation.com at this link.

Digital facsimile of the 1563 edition from the Internet Archive at this link.

 

 



Subjects: ANATOMY › 16th Century, ANATOMY › Anatomical Illustration, CARDIOLOGY › CARDIOVASCULAR PHYSIOLOGY, CARDIOLOGY › CARDIOVASCULAR PHYSIOLOGY › Anatomy of the Heart & Circulatory System, COMPARATIVE ANATOMY, DENTISTRY › Dental Anatomy & Physiology, Ductless Glands: Internal Secretion › Adrenals, Lymphatic System, NEPHROLOGY › Renal Anatomy, OTOLOGY › Physiology of Hearing
  • 1094

De lactibus sive lacteis venis.

Milan: apud Io. B. Bidellium, 1627.

Records the discovery of the lacteal vessels. While performing vivisection on a dog that had recently fed, Aselli noticed a network of vessels in the mesentery and along the peritoneal surface of the intestine. The vessels released a whitish fluid similar to milk when incised, so Aselli called them lacteas, sive albas venas. He made a systematic study of these vessels in different species of animals, noting the chronological relationship between their engorgement and the animal's last meal, and erroneously conjectured that the vessels led to the liver; it was not until Jean Pecquet's discovery of the thoracic duct and its continuity with the lacteal vessels that the process of absorption was clearly established.

De lactibus sive lacteis venis was posthumously published in Milan at the press of Giambattista Bidelli through the efforts of Nicolas Fabry de Peiresc. The work contains a beautiful engraved title page and a portrait of Aselli by the Milanese painter and engraver Cesare Bassano. The four folding chiaroscuro woodcuts in this work, printed in black, red and two shades of brown, were the first color-printed illustrations in a medical or anatomical work. They are unsigned and authorship of these has not been established.

 

 



Subjects: ANATOMY › 17th Century, ANATOMY › Anatomical Illustration, Lymphatic System, Medicine: General Works › Experimental Design › Vivisection / Antivivisection
  • 1095

Experimenta nova anatomica, quibus incognitum chyli receptaculum, et ab eo per thoracem in ramos usque subclavis vasa lactea deteguntur.

Paris: apud Sebastianum Cramoisy et Gabrielem Cramoisy, 1651.

Pecquet discovered the thoracic duct in dogs and its relation to the lacteals. Using a dog that was digesting, he described the thoracic duct, its entry into the subclavian veins, and the receptaculum chyli or chyle reservoir. The chyle reservoir had been sought after since Aselli’s discovery of the chyliferous vessels (lacteals) in the dog. English translation, London, 1653.



Subjects: ANATOMY › 17th Century, GASTROENTEROLOGY › Anatomy & Physiology of Digestion, Lymphatic System
  • 1096

De lacteis thoracicis in homine brutisque.

Copenhagen: M. Martzan, 1652.

Contains Bartholin’s discovery of the thoracic duct. English translation, 1653.



Subjects: ANATOMY › 17th Century, Lymphatic System
  • 1097

Vasa lymphatica.

Copenhagen: Petrus Hakius, 1653.

Bartholin disputed the claim of Rudbeck as to priority in the discovery of the intestinal lymphatics. Although anticipated in this by Rudbeck, there is no doubt that Bartholinus was the first to appreciate the significance of the lymphatic system as a whole. Facsimile edition, 1916.



Subjects: ANATOMY › 17th Century, Lymphatic System
  • 1098

Nova exercitatio anatomica, exhibens ductus hepaticos aquosos, et vasa glandularum serosa.

Vesteräs, Sweden: E. Lauringerus, 1653.

Rudbeck claimed to have discovered the intestinal lymphatics and their connexion with the thoracic duct in 1651, a claim disputed as to priority by Bartholin (Nos. 1096-97). This book was reproduced in facsimile in 1930. English translation in Bull. Hist. Med., 1942,11, 304-39.



Subjects: ANATOMY › 17th Century, Lymphatic System
  • 1098.1

Anatomia hepatis … subjiciuntur nonnulla de lymphae-ductibus nuper repertis.

London: Du-Gardianis, 1654.

Independently of Bartholin and Rudbeck, George Joyliffe (1621-58) observed the lymphatics. He communicated his discovery to Glisson early in 1652 and the latter included an account in the above work (Cap. xxxi). See No. 972.



Subjects: ANATOMY › 17th Century, Lymphatic System
  • 1099

Dilucidatio valvularum in vasis lymphaticis et lacteis.

The Hague: ex officina H. Gael, 1665.

First description of the valves of the lymphatics, discovered by Ruysch. Facsimile reprint, Niewkoop, De Graaf, 1964.



Subjects: ANATOMY › 17th Century, Lymphatic System