1684 LEEUWENHOEK, Antonie van (1632 – 1723)
An abstract of a letter…Sep. 17, 1683. Containing some microscopical observations, about animals in the scurf of the teeth.
Records discovery of bacteria in the mouth, with the first illustrations of the basic types – what were much later called cocci (round or oval), bacilli (rod-shaped) and spiriillum (spiral) forms. Although Leeuwenhoek…
GMN 2464.1 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/5444
1892 DÖDERLEIN, Albert Siegmund Gustav (1860 – 1941)
Das Scheidensekret und seine Bedeutung für das Puerperalfieber.
Döderlein's study of the vaginal secretion in relation to puerperal fever includes the first description of “Döderlein’s bacillus” (Lactobacillus). Döderlein introduced the concept of normal body bacteria or "normal b…
GMN 6279 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/7999
1895 –1896 NUTTALL, George Henry Falkiner (1862 – 1937); THIERFELDER, Hans (1858 – 1930)
Thierisches Leben ohne Bakterien im Verdauungskanal.
Proof that healthy life and perfect digestion are possible without the presence of bacteria in the digestive tract.
GMN 1020 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/902
1897 KRÖNIG, Claus Ludwig Theodor Bernhard (1863 – 1918); MENGE, Karl (1864 – 1945)
Bakteriologie des weiblichen Genital-Kanales. 2 vols.
GMN 6106 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/7541
1906 METCHNIKOFF, Élie [MECHNIKOV] (1845 – 1916)
Quelques remarques sur le lait aigri.
Metchnikoff researched the effect of lactic acid produced by Lactobacilli on other non-desirable bacteria in the digestive tract. He thus expanded Döderlein's (No. 6279) concept of "normal flora" beyond the vagina. Tr…
GMN 2563 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/3690
1925 GRATIA, André (1893 – 1950)
Sur un remarquable example d'antogonisme entre deux souches de colibacille.
Discovery of bacteriocins. Gratia called his discovery a colicine because bacteriocins killed E. coli.
GMN 11479 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/13678
1958 EISEMAN, Ben (1917 – 2012); BASCOM, George S. (1927 – 1993); SILEN, W.; ET AL
Fecal enema as an adjunct in the treatment of pseudomembranous enterocolitis.
Order of authorship in the original publication: Eiseman, Silen, Bascom.... Report of the first "fecal transplant / fecal therapy," also known as "faecal microbiota transplanation," for recurrent / resistant C. diffic…
GMN 11458 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/13657
2005 FREDRICS, David N.; FIEDLER, Tina N.; MARRAZZO, Jeanne M.
Molecular identification of bacteria associated with bacterial vaginosis.
Order of authorship in the original publication: Fredricks, Fiedler, Marrazzo. Using molecular methods, the authors confirmed that absence or greatly reduced number of Lactobacilli was associated with vaginosis. They …
GMN 11396 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/13595
2005 SONNENBURG, Justin L.; XU, Jian; LEIP, Douglas D.; ET AL
Glycan foraging in vivo by an intestine adapted bacterial symbiont.
Order of authorship in the original publication: Sonnenberg, Xu, Leip....The authors showed that complex plant carbohydrates (glycans), which the human body cannot digest, provide food for benign bacteria in the micro…
GMN 11481 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/13680
2007 CORR, Sinéad Cristin; LI, Yin; REIDEL, Christian U.; HILL, Colin; ET AL
Bacteriocin production as a mechanism for the antiinfective activity of Lactobacillus salivarius UCC118.
Order of authorship in the original publication: Corr, Li, Reidel...Hill. The authors discovered that Lactobacilli produce a bacteriocin, a peptidic toxin that inhibits the growth of similar or closely related bacteri…
GMN 11478 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/13677
2013 NOOD, Els van; VRIEZE, Anne; NIEUWDORP, Max; ET AL
Duodenal infusion of donor feces for recurrent Clostridium difficile.
Order of authorship in the original publication: Nood, Vrieze, Nieuwdorp....This research provided convincing evidence that fecal donation (faecal microbiota transplantation) is more effective therapy for virulent C. …
GMN 11459 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/13658
2018 STEWART, Christopher James; AJAMI, Nadim J.; O'BRIEN, Jacqueline L.; ET AL
Temporal development of the gut microbiome in early childhood from the TEDDY study.
Order of authorship in the original publication: Stewart, Ajami, O'Brien....This study confirmed that "breastfeeding was associated with higher levels of Bididofacterium species" (a very desirable organism), and that …
GMN 11461 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/13660
2018 PIEWNGAM, Pipat; ZHENG, Yue; NGUYEN, Thuan H.; ET AL
Pathogen elimination by probiotic Bacillus via signaling interference.
Order of authorship in the original publication: Piewngam, Zheng, Nguygen....The authors discovered a mechanism by which probiotics help maintain a healthy microbiome. They showed that Bacillus subtilis can produce a …
GMN 11480 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/13679
2019 SHAO, Yan; FORSTER, Samuel C.; TSALIKI, Evdokia; ET AL
Stunted microbiota and opportunistic pathogen colonization in caearian-section birth.
Order of authorship in the original publication: Shao, Forster, Tsaliki....The authors used whole genome sequencing to characterize the microbiota of caesarian babies, demonstrating that caesarian babies were not colo…
GMN 11460 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/13659
2019 ALMEIDA, Alexandre; MITCHELL, Alex L.; BOLAND, Miguel; ET AL
A new genomic blueprint of the human gut microbiota.
Order of authorship in the original publication: Almeida, Mitchell, Boland.... Abstract: "The composition of the human gut microbiota is linked to health and disease, but knowledge of individual microbial species is n…
GMN 11462 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/13661
2019 INTEGRATIVE HMP RESEARCH NETWORK CONSORTIUM
The integrative human microbiome project.
Results from this large research consortium show the influence of the microbiome on preterm birth, inflammatory bowel disease, including Crohn's and ulcerative colitis, and prediabetes leading to type II diabetes. (Th…
GMN 11477 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/13676
2019 ZIMMERMANN, Michael B.; SIMMERMAN-KOGADEEVA, Maria; WEGMANN, Rebekka; ET AL
Mapping human microbiome drug metabolism by gut bacteria and their genes.
Order of authorship in the original publication: Zimmermann, Simmerman-Kogadeeva, Wegmann....The authors looked at 271 drugs and 68 different species from the main taxonomic microbiome groups. Of the 271 drugs, 176 un…
GMN 11482 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/13681
2021 WHO IMMEDIATE KMC STUDY GROUP
Immediate "kangaroo mother care" and survival of infants with low birth weight.
This study demonstrated that "vulnerable infants have a better chance of survival if they start receiving 'kangaroo mother care'--which calls for babies to spend as much time as possible in direct contact with a caref…
GMN 13477 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/15751
