The most ambitious 19th century English anatomy illustrated by lithography. Some copies were issued with hand-colored plates.  The five volumes, containing a total of 201 plates, describe the muscles, blood vessels, nerves, viscera, and bones and ligaments. Wilson designed the plates for this work, and signed some of them, but the plates were actually drawn by other artists, including J. Walsh and William Bagg, a portrait painter in London. Wilson also co-edited the second through fifth volumes. The section on the anatomy of the nerves is especially notable, with thirty-eight plates, including ten elegant colored plates of the brain and spinal cord, and a stunning colored plate showing the distribution of the eighth pair of nerves.

Some copies were issued with the plates hand-colored. Digital facsimile of a black & white copy from Google Books at this link.

"The drawings of Maclise for Quain's Anatomy of the arteries and for his own Surgical anatomy are indeed done, as Quain wrote, with spirit and effect. These figures of anatomical dissection seem lifelike; in many plates the figure is shown as a torso, or a bust, or as a full-or half-length figure. The faces seem to be a gallery of portraits, perhaps of visitors to the 1851 Great Exhibition. They are mostly young men with fine hair-bearded, clean-shaven, or mustachioed, with or without sideburns; occasionally there are remarkably handsome black men. Many appear god-like. This is indeed 'high' art, only incidentally of an anatomical subject. If the analogy is not too far-fetched, Maclise's drawing may be compared with the work in different media of the English Romantic poets or of the composer Berlioz. The same comparisons have been made in relation to the work of the Victorian artist Daniel Maclise (1806-70), Joseph Maclise's older brother. They remained close, traveling in Italy together, and sharing houses in Bloomsbury and Chelsea" (Roberts & Tomlinson p. 564) Digital facsimile from the Internet Archive at this link.

Treats the most prominent issues in medical ethics in the twentieth century, such as abortion, artificial insemination, organ transplantation, euthanasia, as discussed by Muslim religious scholars, physicians and jurists.

One of the more comprehensive American works on popular medicine from the mid-19th century, frequently reprinted. The author, who published the work himself from his address in New York City, describes himself as A.M., M.D. The book includes useful information on diseases of occupations, including printers and typesetters, some useful information on birth control, as well as the then standard misconceptions that masturbation was a disease. The illustrations include several cartoon-like efforts to explain medical concepts to laymen. Digital facsimile from the Hathi Trust at this link.

The earliest treatise on Western medicine published in Chinese for the use of Chinese medical staff. The work primarily concerns anatomy and physiology, with most illustrations derived from Cheselden's Anatomy of the human body and his Osteographia. In his “Note to the Foreign Reader” Hobson stated: “This is an humble attempt to put the interesting and well established truths of Human Physiology into Chinese and illustrate them to a small extent by Comparative anatomy. The work is divided into three parts… The last chapter contains a short account of the history of man, varieties of colour, height &c. and concludes with remarks upon his moral nature, and proofs of the unity, wisdom, and design of God in creation […] The diagrams, taken from various sources, have been drawn in transfer paper (the greater part by a kind friend) and lithographed and printed at the press attached to the Hospital […] The work is printed from wooden blocks after the Chinese style, and can throw off several thousand impressions. The first issue is 1200.” 

Anderson trained at the Royal College of Surgeons in Edinburgh, emigrated to America in 1820 and, after delivering a series of anatomical lectures in New York under the patronage of Valentine Mott, became affiliated with the Vermont Academy of Medicine (see Kelly, American Medical Biographies,1920). This work, intended to supplement his anatomical lectures, is notable for the nine anatomical plates, all engraved by A.B. [Asher Brown] Durand, including four engraved from Durand's original illustrations. These are quite early works by Durand, who achieved his first prominence as the engraver of John Trumbull's edition of the Declaration of Independence (1823) and later great renown as a landscape painter of the Hudson River School.

"This book represents the first comparative study of how health policy is made in leading industrial nations. Using detailed case histories of the UK, the US and Germany, it shows that health care systems and modern states are indissolubly bound together. The author explains how the health care state originated before the rise of democracy, and demonstrates that it has had to confront the twin pressures of democratic politics and competitive capitalism. It focuses on three important arenas of health care politics--the government of consumption, the government of doctors, and the government of medical technology--and illustrates how these three arenas intersect" (publisher).

Waddington coined the term epigenetics: "For the purpose of a study of inheritance, the relation between phenotypes and genotypes [...] is, from a wider biological point of view, of crucial importance, since it is the kernel of the whole problem of development. Many geneticists have recognized this and attempted to discover the processes involved in the mechanism by which the genes of the genotype bring about phenotypic effects. The first step in such an enterprise is – or rather should be, since it is often omitted by those with an undue respect for the powers of reason – to describe what can be seen of the developmental processes. For enquiries of this kind, the word 'phenogenetics' was coined by Haecker [1918, Phänogenetik]. The second and more important part of the task is to discover the causal mechanisms at work, and to relate them as far as possible to what experimental embryology has already revealed of the mechanics of development. We might use the name 'epigenetics' for such studies, thus emphasizing their relation to the concepts, so strongly favourable to the classical theory of epigenesis, which have been reached by the experimental embryologists. We certainly need to remember that between genotype and phenotype, and connecting them to each other, there lies a whole complex of developmental processes. It is convenient to have a name for this complex: 'epigenotype' seems suitable."

According to Senator Mack's report, the economic costs of illness in the U.S. were approximately $3 trillion annually, representing 31% of the nation’s GDP. This included “direct” costs of public and private health care spending of $1.3 trillion, and “indirect” illness costs from reduced ability to work and premature death of $1.7 trillion. Available from faseb.org at this link.

Maldonado de Puga, a member of the Order of San Juan Hospitalier founded in 1572, reported on the introduction and practice of Western medicine in the Philippines, the foundation of hospitals and the relationship between medicine and the Church in the Spanish colony.

Biographies of more than one thousand exiled veterinarians, dentists, clinicians, and pharmacists who, like Guerra, left Spain after the Civil War of 1936-39.

Ruiz, a Spanish pharmacist and botanist, was appointed director of the Expedición Botánica al Virreinato del Perú, during which he traveled extensively through Chile and Peru along with botanists José Pavón and Joseph Dombey. In 1801 Ruiz co-authored a supplementary work on a new species of cinchona with José Pavón: Suplemento a la quinología: en el qual [sic] se aumentan las especies de quina nuevamente descubiertas en el Perú por Don Juan Tafalla y la quina naranjada de Santa Fe con su estampa:añádese la respuesta a la memoria de las quinas de Santa Fe que insertó Don Francisco Zea en los Anales de Historia Natural, y la satisfación a los reparos o dudas del ciudadano Jussieu sobre los géneros del pródromo de la flora del Perú y Chile.  Digital facsimile of the 1792 work from Google Books at this link, and of the Suplemento at this link

Digital facsimile from Biodiversity Heritage Library at this link.

The authors originally intended this work resulting from their researches conducted during the Expedición Botánica al Virreinato del Perú to be published in 8 vols., and by later design in 12. However, only the first 3 volumes were published, the others remaining in manuscript; the 100 plates to accompany v. 4 and also some for v. 5 were prepared. The manuscript of the entire work is preserved in the Jardin botánico de Madrid. cf. Colmeiro.

The text and plates for v. 4-5 were published in Anales del Instituto Botánico A.J. Cavanilles, v. 12-16, 1954-1959--Stafleu. Digital facsimile of the 3 vols. originally published and plates 1-325 from Biodiversity Heritage Library at this link.

"Lambert acquired a number of significant herbarium collections including those of Johann Reinhold Forster, Archibald Menzies and Henry de Ponthieu.^[2] He also amassed a large collection of specimens and drawings from Australia in the era immediately following the arrival of the First Fleet. Contributors included Governor Arthur Phillip, Surgeon-General John White, Colonel William Paterson, Major Robert Ross, Major Francis Grose and Philip Gidley King.^[3]

"Lambert's collection of 50,000 preserved plant specimens,^[1] along with his extensive library, was consulted by authors and botanists including Robert Brown, De Candolle, Martius, George Don and David Don.^[1] It was auctioned following his death in 317 lots and specimens can be found in botanical collections around the world" (Wikipedia article on Alymer Bourke Lambert, accessed 7-2021).

Digital facsimile from jstor at this link.

The author was assistant superintendent of Massachusetts Memorial Hospitals in Boston and Assistant Professor of Tropical Diseases at Boston University School of Medicine. His book is part travelogue and part memoir of his experiences as a western physicians treating patients in China. Powell's book was probably the first work by a physician to concern the Chinese practice of foot binding.

Trotter, a surgeon, also contributed to social psychology. In this work he popularized in English the concept, first developed by French sociologist, Gustave Le Bon, of an instinct over-riding the will of the individual in favor of the group. Digital facsimile from the Internet Archive at this link.

"Le Bon theorised that the new entity, the "psychological crowd", which emerges from incorporating the assembled population not only forms a new body but also creates a collective "unconsciousness". As a group of people gather together and coalesces to form a crowd, there is a "magnetic influence given out by the crowd" that transmutes every individual's behaviour until it becomes governed by the "group mind". This model treats the crowd as a unit in its composition which robs every individual member of their opinions, values and beliefs; as Le Bon states: "An individual in a crowd is a grain of sand amid other grains of sand, which the wind stirs up at will".

"Le Bon detailed three key processes that create the psychological crowd: i) Anonymity, ii) Contagion and iii) Suggestibility. Anonymity provides to rational individuals a feeling of invincibility and the loss of personal responsibility. An individual becomes primitive, unreasoning, and emotional. This lack of self-restraint allows individuals to "yield to instincts" and to accept the instinctual drives of their "racial unconscious". For Le Bon, the crowd inverts Darwin's law of evolution and becomes atavistic, proving Ernst Haeckel's embryological theory: "ontogeny recapitulates phylogeny". Contagion refers to the spread in the crowd of particular behaviours and individuals sacrifice their personal interest for the collective interest. Suggestibility is the mechanism through which the contagion is achieved; as the crowd coalesces into a singular mind, suggestions made by strong voices in the crowd create a space for the racial unconscious to come to the forefront and guide its behaviour. At this stage, the psychological crowd becomes homogeneous and malleable to suggestions from its strongest members. "The leaders we speak of," says Le Bon, "are usually men of action rather than of words. They are not gifted with keen foresight... They are especially recruited from the ranks of those morbidly nervous excitable half-deranged persons who are bordering on madness" (Wikipedia article on Gustav Le Bon, accessed 7-2021).

In one of the first dissociation-reaggregation experiments Wilson demonstrated that mechanically dissociated sponge cells can reaggregate and self-organize to generate a whole organism. Digital facsimile from zenodo.org at this link.

Order of authorship in the original publication: Mathé, Jammet, Pendic et al. Mathé performed the first bone marrow graft between unrelated donors and hosts in order to save six Yugoslavian nuclear researchers who had been accidentally irradiated. That event made him aware of the possibility and necessity of developing active and adoptive immunotherapy and applying it to the treatment of cancers.

Order of authorship in the original publication: Sato, de Vries, .... Clevers. Clevers and postdoc Toshiro Sato took adult stem cells from the mouse intestine and created the first mini-guts they called organoids—three-dimensional organized clusters of cells.

Abstract:
"The intestinal epithelium is the most rapidly self-renewing tissue in adult mammals. We have recently demonstrated the presence of about six cycling Lgr5⁺ stem cells at the bottoms of small-intestinal crypts¹. Here we describe the establishment of long-term culture conditions under which single crypts undergo multiple crypt fission events, while simultanously generating villus-like epithelial domains in which all differentiated cell types are present. Single sorted Lgr5⁺ stem cells can also initiate these crypt-villus organoids. Tracing experiments indicate that the Lgr5⁺ stem-cell hierarchy is maintained in organoids. We conclude that intestinal crypt-villus units are self-organizing structures, which can be built from a single stem cell in the absence of a non-epithelial cellular niche."

Digital facsimile from Google Books at this link.

Digital facsimile from BnF Gallica at this link.

A comprehensive work, with a difficult and verbose title. The second printing, also published in 1855, included a frontispiece and an elaborate engraved title not illustrated in the BnF copy. Digital facsimile from BnF Gallica at this link.

"Ammon's Scleral Prominence - prominence of the postero-external aspect of the globe of the eye of the foetus which appears at the third month of foetal life." Jessie Dobson, eponyms, 2nd. Ed. (1962), p.13 . The article includes 207 text illustrations on 12 lithographed plates. Separate edition: Berlin: Hermann Peters, 1858. Translated into French by A. van Biervliet and published in Annales d'oculistique and in a separate edition as Histoire du développement de l'oeil humain, Brussels: V. J. van Beggenhoudt, 1860.

Self-published. Arabic text with relatively brief commentary. Digital facsimile from Google Books at this link.

Includes a biography and bibliography of Ben Miled as well as a reprint of his thesis, L'école médicale de Kairouan aux x^e et xi^e siècles (1933). The 2012 work was originally published in Arabic as Ṭibb al-ʻArabī al-Tūnisī fī ʻasharat qurun̄. Tunis: Déméter, 1980.

Digital facsimile from Google Books at this link.

La Brosse founded the Jardin des Plantes (originally Jardin du Roi), the first botanical garden in Paris. It was the second garden of this type in France, after the Jardin des plantes de Montpellier founded in 1593. Digital facsimile from BnF Gallica at this link.

The first catalogue of medicinal plants in the Jardin des plantes de Montpellier, founded by Richer de Belleval in 1593. This was the first medical botanical garden in France.  Reprinted in Opuscules de Pierre Richer de Belleval....Nouvelle édition  d'après les exemplaires de la Bibliothèque du Roi par M. Broussonet (Paris, 1785). Digital facsimile of the 1785 edition from the Internet Archive at this link.

Digital facsimile from Google Books at this link. Edited English translation by Roger L. Williams as "On the establishment of the principal gardens of botany: A bibliographical essay by Jean-Philippe-François Deleuze," Huntia, 14 (2011) 147-176. Digital fracsimile from huntbotanical.org at this link.

Digital facsimile from BnF Gallica at this link.

Digital facsimile from Google Books at this link.

First catalogue of the Orto botanico di Padova, the oldest academic botanical garden that remains in its original location., Digital facsimile from fc.cab.unipd.it at this link.

Cabot advocated the group practice of medicine and for budgeted prepayment systems for healthcare.

Though not credited on the title page, Thomas Bell was superintendent of the plates and the intended author of this work. James de Carle Sowerby created the original paintings. Edward Lear drew the plates on stone.

Forty of the plates first appeared in Thomas Bell's A monograph of the testudinata, London: Samuel Highley, [1832-1836]. Only the first eight parts of that work were issued due to the publisher's bankruptcy, causing the introduction to end in mid-sentence. Henry Sotheran eventualy bought the unsold parts and remaining plates, and in 1872 reissued them with 20 additional, previously unpublished plates by Sowerby and Lear. Because Bell did not wish to write a text for the additional plates, John Edward Gray provided the additional text for the 1872 edition.

Digital facsimile of the incomplete first edition from Biodiversity Heritage Library at this link. Digital facsimile of the 1872 edition from Biodiversity Heritage Library at this link.

For this work Lear drew portraits of mostly live specimens directly on stone, creating artistic masterpieces that established his reputation as a natural history painter. Lear issued only 175 copies and ran out of funds after completing 12 of the 14 parts, selling only 125 subscriptions, and selling the remaining 50 copies and the rights to the plates to John Gould. Concerning this work see the exceptionally informative Wikipedia article at this link. Digital facsimile from Biodiversity Heritage Library at this liink.

Digital facsimile from biusante.parisdescartes.fr at this link.

The date of this undated work has been inferred. The 40-page pamphlet issued during the early stages of the French expedition to the island, provided instructions by the chief medical officers of the army for medical personel in hospitals and in the field, concerning the external and internal diseases of the troops in Saint-Domingue, and their treatment.

Vol. 2, pp. 169-208 contains a comprehensive chronological account of medical publications printed in Haiti, or about medicine in Haiti, from the earliest imprints to 1941. Digital facsimile from ufdc.ufl.edu at this link.

Digital facsimile from BnF Gallaica at this link.

Digital facsimile from Google Books at this link.

One of the earliest medical publications printed in Haiti. Duvivier, Bibliographie générale et méthodique d'Haiti, 2, p. 197.

One of the earliest medical publications printed in Haiti. Duvivier, Bibliographie générale et méthodique d'Haiti, 2, p. 206.

Date inferred from reference on p. 14.  Arthaud was "médecin breveté par le Roi au Cap, associé de la Société philosophique de Philadelphie, correspondant de la Société royale de médecin de Paris, de la Société des sciences de Montpellier et de l'Académie royal de chirugie."

"Osler became a 'despairing optimist' after World War I, in which he lost his son. He closed his last public address, given in May 1919 on “The Old Humanities and the New Science,” with the hope that through the Hippocratic combination of philanthropia (love of humanity) and philotechnia (love of science and technology), humankind might somehow find the wisdom (philosophia) to survive and flourish. Those words became his valedictory, as he died later that year from complications of pneumonia" (Charles S. Bryan). American edition with an extensive introduction by Harvey Cushing, Boston and New York: Houghton Mifflin, 1920. Digital facsimile of the 1920 edition from Google Books at this link.

Documents the power and impact of nearly 200 examples of AIDS posters from around the world and the social activism that continues to bring awareness to a disease without vaccine or a cure. Selected from the 8000 posters concerning AIDS collected by Edward Atwater.

Fitzpatrick Lectures 1915-16. Originally published in Lancet , 94, 59–65, 117–23.

"M. F. Cuvier est chargé de la direction générale de l'ouvrage."  Digital facsimile from commons.wikipedia.org at this link.

The printed dust jacket reads differently from the title page:  "Marie Stopes: A preliminary checklist of her writings together with some biographical notes."

"Chapter by Pierre Najac, “L’Institut de science sexuelle à Berlin”; includes numerous illustrations from the archives of Magnus Hirschfeld’s Institute for Sexual Science in Berlin, as well as Najac’s eyewitness description of the vaginoplasty surgery performed on Rudolf Z./Dorchen Richter, the second recipient of male-to-female gender confirmation surgery under the auspices of the institute" (Gerald Koskovich).

"Third sex" was Hirschfeld's provisional term for gays and lesbians. Translated into English by James J. Conway as Berlin's third sex, Berlin: Rixdorf Editions, 2017.

Includes the first printing of the memoirs of "Alexina B" a French intersex person whose actual name was Herculine Barbin. Digital facsimile of the revised second edition (1874) from Google Books at this link. Translated into English with an introduction and supporting documents by Michel Foucault as Herculine Barbin: Being the recently discovered memoirs of a nineteenth-century French hermaphrodite, New York: Pantheon Books, 1980. Foucault's introduction appears only in the English language edition.

Digital facsimile from BnF Gallica at this link.

Digital facsimile from BnF Gallica at this link.

Digital facsimile from Google Books at this link.

Digital facsimile from the Internet Archive at this link.

Includes an account of the Prussian intersex man, Karl Dürrge (also known as Maria Dorothea Derrier: 1780–1835). With two hand-colored plates of hermaphroditic genitalia.  Digital facsimile from Google Books at this link.

Among other things, Krafft-Ebing introduced the terms sadism and masochism in this work. Digital facsimile from wellcomecollection.org at this link.

When he delivered this presentation Cardozo was Chief Judge of the New York Court of Appeals. In 1832 President Herbert Hoover appointed Cardozo to the U.S. Supreme Court to succeed Oliver Wendell Holmes, Jr.

The diagrams in this pioneering work in information graphics were printed in red and black; a variety of other colors were applied by hand. Digital facsimile from digital.sciencehistory.org at this link.

Digital facsimile from digitale-sammlungen.de at this link. Followed by Erster Nachtrag zu der Beschreibung des botanischen Gartens der Universität zu Halle (1801). Digital facsimile of the 1801 Nachtrag from bab-muenchen.de at this link.

Miller was chief gardener and curator (or 'Hortulanus') at the Apothecaries' (later Physic) Garden in Chelsea. Besides covering methods of cultivation, Miller's Dictionary provided a systematic botanical compendium of all wild-growing and cultivated plants then known in Britain. Digital facsimile of the 8th and last edition edited by Miller, expanded into 3 vols. from Biodiversity Heritage Library at this link.

Catalogue of plants in the Oxford Botanic Garden, the oldest botanic garden in Great Britain. Digital facsimile from Google Books at this link.

Folkman reported that solid tumors are angiogenesis-dependent. He hypothesized that there was an unknown "factor" that tumors secreted to help increase their blood supply, and that if that factor could be blocked, tumors would wither and die. 

Isolation of the first angiogenic tumor factor. Digital text from PubMedCentral at this link.