Called, "the breakthrough in computational de novo protein design." This was the proof of concept paper that computers and AI could be used to predict protein structures accurately and much faster than with conventional cryoEM or crystallography. In 2024 Baker shared half of the Nobel Prize in Chemistry with Demis Hassabis and John Jumper for "revealing protein's secrets through computing and artificial intelligence."

Order of authorship in the original publication: Kuhlman, Dantas, Ireton, Varani...Baker. 

(Thanks to Juan Weiss for this reference and its interpretation.)

The authors cloned and generated the sequence of the lin-14 gene. They discovered that a
segment in lin-14 mRNA (messenger RNA), was necessary for its inhibition by lin-4.

Ruvkun and Ambros (No. 14010) then compared results and shared the sequences of lin-4 and lin-14 genes and noticed that the short lin-4 mRNA matched complementarity sequences in the critical segment of the lin-14 mRNA. Both performed further experiments showing that the lin-4 microRNA turns off the lin-14 by binding to the complementary sequences of its mRNA thus blocking the production of lin-14 protein.

Ambros and Ruvkun concurrently discovered a novel principle of gene regulation,
mediated by a previously unknown type of RNA that they named "microRNA."
Initially the scientific community considered their data a peculiarity of the C.
elegans worm and likely irrelevant to humans and other more complex animals. 

In 2024 Ruvkun and Ambros shared the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for "the discovery of microRNA and its role in post-transcriptional gene regulation."

Order authorship in the original publication: Wightman, Ha, Ruvkun.

(Thanks to Juan Weiss for this reference and its interpretation.)

Working with the let-7 gene, the authors led by Ruvkun showed that microRNA encoded by the let-7 gene was highly conserved, and present throughout the animal kingdom, proving that gene regulation by microRNA is universal among unicellular organisms on Earth. This paper, published seven years after the initial discovery (No. 14301) provided the evidence to convince skeptics of the existence of microRNA.

Order of authorship in the original publication: Pasquinelli, Reinhart, Slack, Ruvkun.

(Thanks to Juan Weiss for this reference and its interpretation.)

Abstract:
"An oral solution containing glucose, sodium chloride, sodium bicarbonate, and potassium chloride or citrate was used as maintenance therapy for acute cholera. In comparison with control patients who received only intravenous replacement of their stool losses, the patients who received the oral solution required 80% less intravenous fluids for cure. This reduction in requirements for intravenous fluids could make therapy for acute cholera in adults more widely available."

Order of authorship in the original publication: Nalin, Cash, Islam, et al, Phillips.

In 1972 Anfinsen shared half of the Nobel Prize in Chemistry with Stanford Moore and William H. Stein for "for his work on ribonuclease, especially concerning the connection between the amino acid sequence and biologically active conformation."  Anfinsen's discovery became known as Anfinsen's dogma.

Order of authorship in the original publication: Epstein, Goldberger, Ainfinsen.

(Thanks to Juan Weiss for this reference and its interpretation.)

In 1959 Moore and Stein announced the first determination of the complete amino acid sequence of an enzyme, ribonuclease.

In 1972 Moore and Stein shared half of the Nobel Prize in Chemistry with Christian B. Anfinsen "for their contribution to the understanding of the connection between chemical structure and catalytic activity of the active centre of the ribonuclease molecule."

Outstanding color photographs.