1984 MONTAGNIER, Luc Antoine (1932 – ); BARRÉ-SINOUSSI, Françoise (1947 – ); DAUGUET, C.; ET AL
A new type of retrovirus isolated from patients presenting with lymphadenopathy and acquired immune deficiency syndrome: Structural and antigenic relatedness with equine infectious anemia virus.
Order of authorship in the original publication: Montagnier, Dauguet,... Barré-Sinoussi. In this paper Montagnier and colleagues showed that, contrary to the views of Gallo and his group, LAV (Lymphadenopathy Associat…
GMN 11059 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/13255
1984 HAUSEN, Harald zur (1936 – ); GISSMANN, Lutz (1949 – ); IKENBERG, Hans (1954 – ); BOSHART, M.; KLEINHEINZ, A.; SCHEURLEN, W.
A new type of papillomavirus DNA, its presence in genital cancer biopsies and in cell lines derived from cervical cancer.
Zur Hausen and colleagues discovered HPV18 as a cause of cervical cancer. With the discovery of HPV18, and HPV16, which zur Hausen and team discovered in 1983, zur Hausen discovered the viruses causing about 75% of hu…
GMN 12664 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/14908
1985 KANKI, Phyllis J.; BARIN, Francis; M'BOUP, Souleymane; ET AL
Serological evidence for virus related to Simian T-Lymphotropic retrovirus III in residents of West Africa.
First report of the discovery of what became known as HIV-2 by the U.S. research group led by Kanki. This group published before the French group, but the French group had reported their data one day prior to the U.S.…
GMN 10789 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/12985
1985 KANKI, Phyllis J.; ESSEX, Myron Elmer "Max" (1939 – ); MCLANE, M. F.; ET AL
Serologic identification and characterization of a macaque T-lymphotropic retrovirus closely related to HTLV-III.
Order of authorship in the original paper: Kanki, McLane... Essex. This paper was followed in the issue of Science by: Daniel, M., Letvi, N. L., King, N.W., "Isolation of T-cell tropic HTLV-3 - like retrovirus from ma…
GMN 10965 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/13161
1986 NAHMIAS, André J. (1930 – ); WEISS, Juan E. (1952 – ); YAO, X.; KANKI, Phyllis J.; ESSEX, Myron Elmer "Max" (1939 – )
Evidence for human infection with an HTLV III/LAV-like virus in Central Africa, 1959.
Order of authorship in the original paper: Nahmias, Weiss, Yao...Kanki, Essex. The authors presented evidence for the first or earliest infection with HIV in a human. This paper reported on a patient from Kinshasa, Za…
GMN 9331 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/11513
1986 CLAVEL, François; GUÉTARD, D.; BRUN-VEZINET, François; ET AL
Isolation of a new human retrovirus from West African patients with AIDS.
HIV-2 was discovered essentially simultaneously by French and U.S. teams. This was the first publication by the French team. Order of authorship of the original publication was Clavel, Guettard, Brun-Vezinet. See thei…
GMN 10788 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/12984
1986 MCDOUGAL, J. S.; MADDON, P. J.; DALGLEISH, A. G.; ET AL
The T4 glycoprotein is a cell-surface receptor for the AIDS virus.
Order of authorship in the original paper: McDougal, Maddon, Dalgleish. The authors discovered that the T4 lymphocyte cell has an outer glycoprotein on its surface that specifically acts as the receptor for HIV. Witho…
GMN 11042 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/13238
1986 YARCHOAN, Robert (1950 – ); WEINHOLD, Kent James; LYERLY, Herbert Kim; ET AL
Administration of 3'-Azido-3'-Deoxythmymidine, an inhibitor of HTLV-III/LAV replication, to patients with AIDS or AIDS-related complex.
Order of authorship in the original publication: Yarchoan, Weinhold, Lyerly. The first antiviral AIDS drug, later named "Retrovir"/ Zidovudine/AZT. (Thanks to Juan Weiss for this reference and its interpretation.)
GMN 11106 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/13302
1987 ANAND, Aditi; GRAY, Elizabeth S.; BROWN, Thomas
Human parvovirus infection in pregnancy and hydrops fetalis.
Demonstration of the devastating effect of human parvovirus B19 on the human fetus. (Thanks to Juan Weiss for this reference and its interpretation.)
GMN 11192 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/13389
1988 FENNER, Frank John (1914 – 2010); GIBBS, Adrian J.
Portraits of viruses: A history of virology.
Well-documented essays on specific families of viruses by expert researchers, reprinted from Intervirology, 1979, 11-1986, 26.
GMN 2581.13 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/4361
1988 FENNER, Frank John (1914 – 2010); HENDERSON, Donald Ainslie (1928 – 2016); ARITA, Isao (1926 – ); JEŽEK, Zdenēk (1932 – 2019); LADNYJ, Ivan Danilovich ( – 1987)
Smallpox and its eradication.
The definitive archival history in 1460 pages. In 2016 a PDF of this entire book could be downloaded from the W.H.O. at this link.
GMN 7549 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/9721
1989 CENTERS FOR DISEASE CONTROL AND PREVENTION (CDC); VIRGINIA DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH
Ebola virus infection in imported primates - Virginia, 1989.
Also published with same title in Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, 38 (1989) 831, 832-837. Discovery of the "Ebola Reston" strain of the Ebola virus. The strain is lethal in monkeys; it turned out to be non-path…
GMN 10926 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/13122
1989 HOUGHTON, Michael; CHOO, Qui-Lim; KUO, George Ching-Hung; BRADLEY, Daniel W. (1941 – ); OVERBY, Lacy Rasco (1920 – 1994); WEINER, A. J.
Isolation of a cDNA clone derived from a blood-borne non-A, non-B viral hepatitis genome.
In this paper Houghton and colleagues named “hepatitis C” for the first time. They cloned and isolated the viral RNA genome and demonstrated that a patient who had high antibodies to a ‘native/wild strain’, reacted sp…
GMN 12653 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/14896
1991 GRAFE, Alfred (1922 – )
A history of experimental virology. Translated by Elvira Reckendorf.
GMN 9851 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/12039
1994 CHANG, Yuan (1959 – ); MOORE, Patrick S. (1956 – ); CESARMAN, Ethel; PESSIN, Melissa S.; ET AL
Identification of herpesvirus-like DNA sequences in AIDS-associated Kaposi's sarcoma.
Dated December 16, 1994. Order of authorship in the original paper was Chang, Cesarman, Pessin,...Moore. The authors reported a new human herpesvirus associated with Kaposi's sarcoma, and gave it the descriptive name …
GMN 10880 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/13076
1995 CHANG, Yuan (1959 – ); MOORE, Patrick S. (1956 – )
Detection of herpesvirus-like DNA sequences in Kaposi's sarcoma in patients with and those without HIV infection.
Dated May 4, 1995. Order of authorship in the original publication was Moore, Chang. That the virus causing Kaposi's sarcoma appeared in healthy as well as HIV patients suggested that this virus causes cancer only in …
GMN 10881 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/13077
1995 CHANG, Yuan (1959 – ); MOORE, Patrick S. (1956 – ); CESARMAN, Ethel; ET AL
Kaposi's Sarcoma-associated herpesvirus-like DNA sequences in AIDS-related body-cavity-based lymphomas.
Chang, Moore and colleagues showed that the virus causing Kaposi's Sarcoma also causes body cavity lymphomas and lymphomatous effusions in humans. (Thanks to Juan Weiss for this reference and its interpretation.)
GMN 10914 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/13110
1996 BIGONI, B.; DOLCETTI, Riccardo; DE LELLIS, L.; ET AL
Human herpesvirus 8 Is present in the lymphoid system of healthy persons and can reactivate in the course of AIDS.
Dated June 22, 1995. Order of authorship in the original paper was Bigoni, Dolcetti, de Lellis....By this time Kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) was also known as human herpesvirus-8 (HHV-8). The authors wr…
GMN 10882 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/13078
1997 RICE, Charles Moen (1952 – ); KOLYKHALOV, Alexander M; AGAPOV, Eugene V.; ET AL
Transmission of hepatitis C by intrahepatic inoculation with transcribed RNA.
Rice and colleagues constructed a viral RNA genome with the 3’ region and a consensus region to exclude potential inactivating mutations, which was then injected into the liver of chimps. That RNA, specifically encode…
GMN 13541 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/15818
1998 OLDSTONE, Michael B. A.
Viruses, plagues & history: Past, present, and future.
Revised and updated edition, 2010.
GMN 7960 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/10135
1999 CENTERS FOR DISEASE CONTROL AND PREVENTION (CDC)
Outbreak of West Nile-like viral encephalitis -- New York, 1999.
On October 1, 1999 the CDC reported a cluster of human encephalitis cases; prior to these cases many crows had been dying. The "sentinel event" in this outbreak was the report to the New York Health Dept. by Dr. D. As…
GMN 10953 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/13149
1999 ANDERSON, John F.; ANDREADIS, Theodore G.; VOSSBRINCK, Charles R.
Isolation of West Nile virus from mosquitoes, crows, and a Cooper's hawk in Connecticut.
First definite identification of the West Nile virus in the Western hemisphere. This paper was immediately followed in the same issue of Science by Lanciott, R.S., Roehrig, J.T., Deubet, V. et al, "Origin of the West …
GMN 10954 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/13150
1999 HARRISON, Bryan Desmond (1931 – ); WILSON, T. M. A.
Tobacco mosaic virus: Pioneering research for a century. A theme issue edited by B. D. Harrison and T. M. A. Wilson.
GMN 11071 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/13267
2001 CREAGER, Angela N. H. (1963 – )
The life of a virus: Tobacco mosaic virus as an experimental model, 1930-1965.
Tobacco mosaic virus was the first virus isolated and crystallized.
GMN 9337 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/11519
2002 DERISI, Joseph L.; WANG, David; COSCOY, Laurent; ZYLBERBERG, Maxine; ET AL
Microarray-based detection and genotyping of viral pathogens.
First publication of DeRisi's microarray assay for the detection and genotyping of viral pathogens. "To address the limitations of existing viral detection methodologies, we have developed a genomic approach to virus …
GMN 12439 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/14671
2003 PEIRIS, Joseph Sriyal Malik (1949 – ); POON, Lit Man Leo; LAI, S. T.; ET AL
Coronavirus as a possible cause of severe acute respiratory syndrome.
Dated April 19, 2003, this paper identified and reproduced microscopic images of the novel viral agent. It was the first official journal publication on SARS. Order of authorship in the published paper was Peiris, Lai…
GMN 10860 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/13056
2003 KSIAZEK, Thomas F.; ERDMAN, Dean; GOLDSMITH, Cynthia S.; ET AL
A novel coronavirus associated with severe acute respiratory syndrome.
Ksiazek and over 40 co-authors around the world published the lead article in the May 15, 2003 issue of the New England Journal of Medicine that was nearly entirely devoted to SARS. Order of authorship in the publishe…
GMN 10861 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/13057
2003 ROTA, Paul A.; OBERSTE, M. Steven; MONROE, Stephan S.; DERISI, Joseph L.; ET AL
Characterization of a novel coronavirus associated with severe acute respiratory syndrome.
Dated May 30, 2003. Rota and team at the CDC determined the sequence of the complete genome of SARS-CoV, and characterized the viral genome. Order of authorship in the published paper was Rota, Oberste, Monroe....DeRi…
GMN 10862 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/13058
2003 MARRA, Marco A. (1966 – ); JONES, Steven J. M.; ASTELL, Caroline R.
The genome sequence of the SARS-associated coronavirus.
Dated May 30, 2003 and published immediately after No. 10862 in the same issue of Science, this reported the work of Marco Marra and his team in Canada. Order of authorship in the published paper was Marra, Jones, Ast…
GMN 10863 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/13059
2003 CRAWFORD, Dorothy H.
The invisible enemy: A natural history of viruses.
GMN 11347 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/13545
2003 LI, Wenghui; MOORE, Michael J.; VASILIEVA, Natalya
Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 is a functional receptor for the SARS coronavirus.
The authors showed that the angiontensin-converting enzyme 2, abbreviated ACE2, is the obligative cell receptor for the SARS coronavirus (SARS-CoV). (Thanks to Juan Weiss for this reference and its interpretation.)
GMN 12009 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/14217
2004 BARRY, John M. (1947 – )
The great influenza: The epic story of the greatest plague in history.
GMN 9974 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/12163
2005 LI, Wendong; SHI, Zhengli (1964 – ); YU, Meng; ET AL
Bats are natural reservoirs of SARS-like coronaviruses.
Dated October 28, 2005, roughly two years after the outbreak of SARS, the natural reservoirs of this class of coronaviruses was discovered. (Thanks to Juan Weiss for this entry and its interpretation.)
GMN 10864 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/13060
2005 LEROY, Eric M.; KUMULUNGUI, Bruce; POURRUT, Xavier; ET AL
Fruit bats as reservoirs of Ebola virus.
Order of authorship in the original paper: Leroy, Kumulungui, Pourrut. The authors showed that fruit bats, while asymptomatic, act as reservoirs and potential carriers of Ebola virus in Africa. These bats are eaten by…
GMN 10927 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/13123
2005 TAUBENBERGER, Jeffery K. (1961 – ); TUMPEY, Terence M.; BASLER, Christopher F.; AGUILAR, Patricia V.; ET AL
Characterization of the reconstructed 1918 Spanish Influenza Pandemic virus.
Order of authorship in the original publication: Tumpey, Basler, Aguilar... Taubenberger. Reconstruction of the genome of the 1918 Spanish Influenza virus from frozen tissue samples from a mass grave of victims of the…
GMN 11335 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/13533
2005 WOLFE, Nathan D. (1970 – ); CARR, Jean K.; HENIENE, Walid; BIRX, Deborah Leah (1956 – ); ET AL
Emergence of unique primate T-lymphotropic viruses among central African bushmeat hunters.
Order of authorship in the original publication: Wolfe, Heniene, Carr ...Birx.... "As of 2016, 301 terrestrial mammals were threatened with extinction due to hunting for bushmeat including primates, even-toed ungulate…
GMN 12113 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/14322
2005 ALLANDER, Tobias; TAMMI, Martti T.; ERIKSSON, Margareta; ET AL
Cloning of a human parvovirus by molecular screening of respiratory tract samples.
Discovery of the first Human Bocavirus (HBoV1), a new virus species associated with lower respiratory infection almost always in children. (Order of authorship in the original publication: Allander, Tammi, Eriksson). …
GMN 12720 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/14966
2005 KARIKÓ, Katalin (1955 – ); WEISSMAN, Drew; BUCKSTEIN, Michael; NI, Houping
Suppression of RNA recognition by toll-like receptors: The impact of nucleoside modification and the evolutionary origin of RNA.
Karikó and Weissman discovered the nucleoside modifications that suppress the immungenicity of RNA, leading to their patents for the application of non-immunogenic, nucleoside-modified RNA (modRNA). This technology wa…
GMN 13622 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/15902
2007 NENE, Vishvanath M.; WORTMAN, Jennifer Russo; LAWSON, Daniel; ET AL
Genome sequence of Aedes aegypti, a major arbovirus vector.
Order of authorship in the original publication: Nene, Wortman, Lawson.... Sequence of the genome of the mosquito that transmits Zika, Yellow fever, Dengue, Chikungunya, etc. (Thanks to Juan Weiss for this reference a…
GMN 11338 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/13536
2007 CRAWFORD, Dorothy H.
Deadly companions: How microbes shaped our history.
GMN 11348 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/13546
2008 GREENWOOD, David (1935 – 2015)
Antimicrobial drugs: Chronicle of a twentieth century medical triumph.
Concerns the history of all anti-infectives, including antibacterial, antiviral, antifungal, antiprotozoal and anthelminthic agents.
GMN 9683 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/11870
2009 HENDERSON, Donald Ainslie (1928 – 2016)
Smallpox--the death of a disease: The inside story of eradicating a worldwide killer.
GMN 7548 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/9720
2009 HOLMES, Edward Charles (1965 – )
The evolution and emergence of RNA viruses.
"This impressive monograph by Edward Holmes opens with a quotation from La Peste, by Albert Camus: “Everyone knows that pestilences have a way of recurring in the world; yet somehow we find it hard to believe in ones …
GMN 12118 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/14327
2009 FRAZER, Ian Hector (1953 – ); ZHOU, Jian (1957 – 1999)
Papillomavirus vaccines. US Patent US7476389B1.
Frazer and Zhou invented and patented the first Papillomavirus vaccine. In 2020 it was marketed as Gardasil and Cervarix. Developed beginning in 1991, about 20 years after Blumberg and Millman's vaccine against viral …
GMN 12665 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/14909
2011 YU, Xue-Jie; LIANG, Mi-Fang; ZHANG, Shou-Yin; ET AL
Fever with thrombocytopenia associated with a novel Bunyavirus in China.
Order of authorship in the original paper: Yu, Liang, Zhang. Discovery of a new virus, suspected by the authors to be tick-borne. The authors named the virus, "severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus" (SFTSV…
GMN 10918 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/13114
2011 CHIU, Charles Y.; DERISI, Joseph L.; CHEN, Eunice C.; MILLER, Steve A.
Using a pan-viral microarray assay (Virochip) to screen clinical samples for viral pathogens.
Direct link to the Journal of Visualized Experiments, JOVE.com: https://www.jove.com/video/2536/using-pan-viral-microarray-assay-virochip-to-screen-clinical-samples Using a Pan-Viral Microarray Assay (Virochip) to Scr…
GMN 12440 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/14672
2012 CENTERS FOR DISEASE CONTROL AND PREVENTION (CDC)
Severe respiratory illness associated with a novel coronavirus - Saudi Arabia and Qatar, 2012.
Reports on the first two patients affected by a "new" coronavirus. The first patient, hospitalized in June 2012, died, and the other was in both pulmonary and renal failure. In this paper the CDC referenced a website …
GMN 10876 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/13072
2012 ZAKI, Ali Mohamed; BOHEEMEN, Sander van; BESTEFROER, Theo M.; ET AL
Brief Report: Isolation of a novel coronavirus from a man with pneumonia in Saudi Arabia.
This paper, dated November 8, 2012, characterized the virus up to and including its genome sequence, including radiology and imaging findings, lab findings, diagnosis and management. The authors tentatively named the …
GMN 10877 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/13073
2012 MCMULLAN, Laura K.; FOLK, Scott; KELLY, Aubree J.; ET AL
A new phlebovirus associated with severe febrile illness in Missouri.
Order of authorship in the original paper: McMullan, Folk, Kelly. Discovery of a new Phlebovirus, which the authors name the "Heartland virus" and with high probability that Amblyoma is the tick vector. Digital facsim…
GMN 10915 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/13111
2013 WILLIAMS, Gareth
Paralysed with fear: The story of polio.
GMN 10219 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/12409