1935 STANLEY, Wendell Meredith (1904 – 1971)
Isolation of a crystalline protein possessing the properties of tobacco-mosaic virus.
Stanley first crystallized a virus— tobacco mosaic virus. The following year Bawden, Pirie, Bernal and Fankuchen (No. 12005) showed that tobacco mosaic virus molecules are asnisometric and consist of ribonucleoprotein…
GMN 2524.5 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/3353
1936 BERNAL, John Desmond (1901 – 1971); BAWDEN, Sir Frederick Charles (1908 – 1972); PIRIE, Norman Wingate (1907 – 1997); FANKUCHEN, Isidor (1904 – 1964); ET AL
Liquid crystalline substances from virus infected plants.
Order of authorship in the original publication: Bawden, Pirie, Bernal, Fankuchen. The authors isolated and crystallized tobacco mosaic virus, finding for the first time that a virus contained nucleic acids, when othe…
GMN 12005 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/14213
1968 DULBECCO, Renato (1914 – 2012); SAMBROOK, J.; WESTPHAL, H.; SRINVASAN, P. R.
The integrated state of viral DNA in SV40-transformed cells.
Dulbecco and his group demonstrated that the infection of normal cells with certain types of viruses (oncoviruses) led to the incorporation of virus-derived genes into the host-cell genome, and that this event lead to…
GMN 13947 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/16245
1970 BALTIMORE, David (1938 – )
Viral RNA-dependent DNA polymerase: RNA-dependent DNA polymerase in virions of RNA tumour viruses.
In 1970 Baltimore and Temin discovered that certain viruses that have their genes in the form of RNA can copy the RNA "backward" into DNA in infected cells. The enyzme, reverse transcriptase, enables the manufacture o…
GMN 2660.22 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/3429
1970 TEMIN, Howard Martin (1934 – 1994); MIZUTANI, Satoshi
RNA-dependent DNA polymerase in virions of Rous sarcoma virus.
Discovery of reverse transcriptase. "In 1969, Temin and a postdoctoral fellow, Satoshi Mizutani, began searching for the enzyme that was responsible for the phenomenon of viral RNA being transferred into proviral DNA.…
GMN 2660.23 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/3432
1971 BALTIMORE, David (1938 – )
Expression of animal virus genomes.
The Baltimore classification of virus groups places viruses into one of seven groups depending on a combination of their nucleic acid (DNA or RNA), strandedness (single-stranded or double-stranded), sense, and method …
GMN 12010 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/14218
1975 DULBECCO, Renato (1914 – 2012)
From the molecular biology of oncogenic DNA viruses to cancer. Les Prix Nobel en 1975, pp. 172-80.
In 1975 Dulbecco shared the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine with David Baltimore and Howard Martin Temin "for their discoveries concerning the interaction between tumour viruses and the genetic material of the c…
GMN 2660.27 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/3440
1981 BALTIMORE, David (1938 – ); RACANIELLO, Vincent R. (1953 – )
Molecular cloning of poliovirus cDNA and determination of the complete nucleotide sequence of the viral genome.
The poliovirus genome. Digital facsimile from PNAS through PubMedCentral at this link.
GMN 9175 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/11354
2009 HOLMES, Edward Charles (1965 – )
The evolution and emergence of RNA viruses.
"This impressive monograph by Edward Holmes opens with a quotation from La Peste, by Albert Camus: “Everyone knows that pestilences have a way of recurring in the world; yet somehow we find it hard to believe in ones …
GMN 12118 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/14327
2020 POLACK, Fernando P.; THOMAS, Stephen J.; KITCHIN, Nicholas; ET AL
Safety and efficacy of the BNT162b2 mRNA Covid-19 vaccine.
BNT162b2 is synonomous with the Pfizer BioNTech mRNA Covid-19 vaccine. The Pfizer-BioNTech mRNA vaccine was produced from theoretical design to finished product and distribution in less than one year. This was the fir…
GMN 13506 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/15781
2021 BADEN, Lindsey Robert; EL SAHLY, Hana M.; ESSINK, Brandon; ET AL
Efficacy and safety of the mRNA-1273 SARSCov-2 vaccine.
mRNA-1273 is synonymous with the Moderna mRNA Covid-19 vaccine. The Moderna mRNA vaccine was produced from theoretical design to finished product and distribution in less than one year. This was the first published pa…
GMN 13507 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/15782
2022 WOROBEY, Michael; PEKAR, Jonathan E.; PARKER, Edyth; ET AL
The molecular epidemiology of multiple zoonotic origins of SARS-Co-V-2.
Abstract: "We analyzed the genomic diversity of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) early in the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. We show that SARS-CoV-2 genomic diversity before …
GMN 14169 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/16484
