1881 LAVERAN, Charles Louis Alphonse (1845 – 1922)
Un nouveau parasite trouvé dans le sang plusieurs malades atteints de fièvre palustre.
Laveran first saw the malaria parasite on 20 October 1880; he at once recognized its significance. He named it Oscillaria malariae. English translation in Kean (No. 2268.1). Laveran also published a monograph on the d…
GMN 5236 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/7884
1885 MARCHIAFAVA, Ettore (1847 – 1935); CELLI, Angelo (1857 – 1914)
Weitere Untersuchungen über die Malariainfection.
First accurate description of the malaria Plasmodium, discovered by Laveran in 1880. These writers were the first to adopt the name P. malariae.
GMN 5238 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/7889
1885 DANILEVSKI, Vasili Iakovlevich (1852 – 1934)
Zur Parasitologie des Blutes.
Discovery of malaria parasites in birds. See also Ann. Inst. Pasteur, 1890, 4, 427-31.
GMN 5238.1 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/7893
1886 GOLGI, Camillo (1844 – 1926)
Sull infezione malarica.
Description of the development of the parasite of quartan malaria. Golgi differentiated the tertian and quartan parasites by the periods of their respective developments.
GMN 5239 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/7894
1889 GOLGI, Camillo (1844 – 1926)
Sul ciclo evolutivo dei parassiti malarica nella febbre terzana.
Golgi showed that the parasite of quartan differs from that of tertian malarial fever. English translation in Kean (No. 2268.1).
GMN 5240 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/7895
1890 CANALIS, Pietro (1856 – 1939)
Études sur l’infection malarique. Sur la variété parasitaire des corps en croissant de Laveran et sur les fièvres palustres qui en dérivent.
Canalis demonstrated and clearly differentiated Plasmodium falciparum from the species vivax and malariae.
GMN 5240.1 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/7896
1891 GRASSI, Giovanni Battista (1854 – 1925); FELETTI, Raimondo (1851 – 1928)
Malariaparasiten in den Vögeln.
Confirmation of the work of Laveran.
GMN 5241 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/7897
1891 EHRLICH, Paul (1854 – 1915); GUTTMANN, Paul (1834 – 1893)
Ueber die Wirkung des Methylenblau bei Malaria.
Guttmann and Ehrlich demonstrated methylene blue to be lethal in vitro for the malaria parasite – the beginning of Ehrlich’s work on chemotherapy.
GMN 5241.1 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/7898
1891 ROMANOWSKY, Dmitri Leonidovich (1861 – 1921)
K voprosu o parazitologii i terapii bolotnoi likhoradki. [Parasitology and treatment of malarial fever.]
Romanovsky made important studies of the malaria parasite and introduced a special stain for its demonstration. German version in St. Petersburger med. Wschr., 1891, 8, 297-302, 306-15. English translation in Kean (No…
GMN 5242 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/7899
1892 GOLGI, Camillo (1844 – 1926)
Azione della chinina sui parasite malarici e sui corrispondente accessi febbrili.
French translation in Arch. ital. Biol., 1892, 17, 456-71.
GMN 5243 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/7900
1894 MANSON, Sir Patrick (1844 – 1922)
On the nature and significance of the crescentic and flagellated bodies in malarial blood.
Manson’s mosquito–malaria hypothesis. See also his Gulstonian Lectures in Lancet, 1896, 1, 695-98, 751-55, 831-33.
GMN 5245 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/7902
1897 MACCALLUM, William George (1874 – 1944)
On the flagellated form of the malarial parasite.
MacCallum reported at a meeting of the British Association his observation of the mode of fertilization of the malarial parasite of birds; two months later he announced that he had found the same to hold good for the …
GMN 5246 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/7903
1897 ROSS, Sir Ronald (1857 – 1932)
On some peculiar pigmented cells found in two mosquitoes fed on malarial blood.
Ross proved that the mosquito was responsible for the transmission of malaria. On 20 August 1897, he found Laveran’s Plasmodium in the stomach of the Anopheles mosquito after it had fed on the blood of malaria patient…
GMN 5247 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/7904
1898 LAVERAN, Charles Louis Alphonse (1845 – 1922)
Traité du paludisme.
GMN 5248 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/7905
1898 OPIE, Eugene Lindsay (1873 – 1971)
On the haemocytozoa of birds.
Demonstration of sexual conjugation in the malaria parasite. See also No. 5250.
GMN 5249 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/7906
1898 MACCALLUM, William George (1874 – 1944)
Notes on the pathological changes in the organs of birds infected with haemocytozoa.
MacCallum and Opie discovered the sexual phase of malaria parasites.
GMN 5250 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/7907
1898 ROSS, Sir Ronald (1857 – 1932)
The rôle of the mosquito in the evolution of the malarial parasite.
Ross provided the last link in the chain demonstrating the complete life-cycle of the parasite of bird malaria. He found that mosquitoes which had fed on malaria-infected birds, and which had allowed the parasites to …
GMN 5251 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/7908
1899 BIGNAMI, Amico (1862 – 1929); GRASSI, Giovanni Battista (1854 – 1925)
Ciclo evolutivo della semilune nell’ Anopheles claviger.
Grassi and Bignami showed that the Plasmodium undergoes its sexual phase only in the Anopheles mosquito.
GMN 5252 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/7909
1900 GRASSI, Giovanni Battista (1854 – 1925)
Studi di uno zoologo sulla malaria.
Includes the best illustrations of the various stages of the malaria parasite published up to that time.
GMN 5252.1 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/7910
1900 MANSON, Sir Patrick (1844 – 1922)
Experimental proof of the mosquito-malaria theory.
In a classic demonstration Manson allowed infected mosquitoes from Rome to bite a volunteer (his son) in London, who developed malaria 15 days later with tertian parasites in the blood, and who was cured by quinine.
GMN 5252.2 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/7911
1903 SCHAUDINN, Fritz Richard (1871 – 1906)
Studien über krankheitserregende Protozoen. II. Plasmodium vivax (Grassi & Feletti), der Erreger des Tertianfiebers beim Menschen.
Confirmation of the work of Ross and of Grassi.
GMN 5254 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/7913
1905 CRAIG, Charles Franklin (1872 – 1950)
Intracorpuscular conjugation in the malarial plasmodia and its significance.
Demonstration of the existence of malarial carriers.
GMN 5255 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/7914
1912 BASS, Charles Cassedy (1885 – 1975); JOHNS, Foster Matthew (1889 – 1936)
The cultivation of malaria plasmodia (Plasmodium vivax and Plasmodium falciparum) in vitro.
Cultivation of the malaria parasite.
GMN 5255.1 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/7915
1922 STEPHENS, John William Watson (1865 – 1946)
A new malaria parasite of man.
Plasmodium ovale described.
GMN 5255.2 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/7916
1932 KNOWLES, Robert (1883 – 1936); DAS GUPTA, Biraj Mohan (Dasgupta) (1889 – 1945)
A study of monkey-malaria, and its experimental transmission to man.
Das Gupta and his supervisor Robert Knowles first described Plasmodium knowlesi as a distinct species, and as a potential cause of human malaria in 1932 when they described the morphology of the parasite in macaque bl…
GMN 12586 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/14825
1938 JAMES, Sydney Price (1870 – 1946); TAIT, P
Exo-erythrocytic schizogony in Plasmodium gallinaceum Brumpt, 1935.
The term “exo-erythrocytic stage” introduced to describe the unpigmented schizonts found in tissue cells. The parasite Plasmodium gallincaceum described by Alexandre Joseph Emile Brumpt causes malaria in poultry.
GMN 5258 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/8541
1940 MUDROW, Lilly (1908 – 1957)
Klinische und parasitologische Befunde und chemotherapeutische Ergebnisse bei der Hühnermalaria.
Discovery of the developmental forms of P. gallinaceum in the incubation period.
GMN 5259 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/8542
1940 SHORTT, Henry Edward (1887 – 1987); ET AL
The form of Plasmodium, gallinaceum present in the incubation period of the infection.
Independently of Mudrow, H. E. Shortt, K. P. Menon, and P. V. Seetharama Iyer found pre-erythrocytic forms of P. gallinaceum in the tissues.
GMN 5259.1 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/8543
1944 HUFF, Clay G. (1900 – ); COULSTON, Frederick (1914 – 2003)
The development of Plasmodium gallinaceum from sporozoite to erythrocytic trophozoite.
First detailed account of the full cycle of development of the avian malaria parasite P. gallinaceum.
GMN 5259.2 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/8544
1946 MOST, Harry (1907 – 1994); LONDON, Irving M. (1918 – 2018); LAVIETES, Paul Harold (1907 – 1990)
Chloroquine for treatment of acute attacks of vivax malaria.
Harry Most led the development of chloroquine for use in treating American troops suffering from malaria. At the beginning of the American involvement in the war there were more American casualties from malaria than f…
GMN 5261.1 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/8547
1948 ALVING, Alf Sven (1902 – 1965)
Pentaquine (Sn-13,276), a therapeutic agent effective in reducing the relapse rate in vivax malaria.
Clinical trials of pentaquine. With B. Craige, R. Jones, C. M. Whorton, T. N. Pullman, and L. Eichelberger.
GMN 5261.2 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/8548
1948 SHORTT, Henry Edward (1887 – 1987); ET AL
The pre-erythrocytic stage of mammalian malaria.
Demonstration of the pre-erythrocytic stage of P. cynomolgi in the monkey. With P. C. C. Garnham and B. Malamos. Preliminary communication in Nature (Lond.), 1948, 161, 126.
GMN 5262 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/8549
1948 SHORTT, Henry Edward (1887 – 1987)
The pre-erythrocytic stage of human malaria Plasmodium vivax.
With P. C. C. Garnham, G. Covell, and P. G. Shute.
GMN 5262.1 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/8550
1949 SHORTT, Henry Edward (1887 – 1987)
The pre-erythrocytic stage of Plasmodium falciparum. A preliminary note.
With N. H. Fairley, G. Covell, P. G. Shute, and P. C. C. Garnham. See also Trans. roy. Soc. trop. Med. Hyg., 1951, 44, 405-19.
GMN 5262.2 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/8551
1976 MILLER, Louis Howard (1935 – ); MASON, Steven J.; CLYDE, David Francis (1925 – 2002); ET AL
The resistance factor to Plasmodium vivax in blacks.
The authors showed that the Plasmodium vivax parasite requires the Fya/Fyb Duffy antigen/chemokine receptor on the surface of red blood cells for penetration of human red blood cells. Because most African and American…
GMN 11888 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/14093
2002 GARDNER, Malcolm J.; HALL, Neil; FUNG, Eula; ET AL
Genome sequence of the human malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum.
Order of authorship in the original paper: Gardner, Hall, Fung.... Genome of the Plasmodium falciparum parasite carried by the mosquito that causes malaria in humans. (Thanks to Juan Weiss for this reference and its i…
GMN 11336 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/13534
2002 HOLT, Robert A.; SUBRAMANIAN, G. Mani; HALPERN, Aaron L.; ET AL
The genome sequence of the malaria mosquito Anopheles gambiae.
Order of authorship in the original publication: Holt, Subramanian, Halpern.... Sequence of the genome of Anopheles gambiae, the mosquito that carries the malaria parasite, Plasmodium falciparum. (Thanks to Juan Weiss…
GMN 11337 · https://historyofmedicine.com/id/13535
